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Interesting article that made me incredibly hungry for my grandmother's bread.
Check no knead bread. Absurdly easy to make, foolproof, tastes like heaven (especially SeriousEats improved version)
I buy Khorasan whole kernels from a local farm and hand mill it as needed into my own flour to make east african chapatis everyday, never will go back to zero nutrient, flavorless bleached flour in supermarkets. Takes me about 30mins, I roll it in an omlette they call a 'rolex' in Africa for breakfast and sometimes make more for dinner/curries. The rolex fills me all day no carb sugar burnout like I used to get with store bought bread.
Less flavorful, perhaps. "Zero nutrient", no way.

A 125 gram serving of commercial enriched white flour contains about 95 grams of carbohydrates, about 13 grams of protein, and about 1 gram of fat = 109 grams. All of those things are nutrients (about three grams of the carbs are in the form of indigestible dietary fiber, which technically isn't a nutrient, but is still good to have). In addition, it has 65% of the DV of thiamin, 57% of the DV of folate, 36% of the DV of riboflavin, 32% of the DV of iron, and several other good things.

If only the Times had someone (like, say, an editor?) to make similar points. Nearly all the criticisms of 'mainstream' wheat in their article amount to subjective praise of the magical goodness of obscure local strains. I'm sure they're delicious, but I would like to see some real research on just how bowdlerized typical wheat has become. Not to mention that while I like to bake my own bread, and I have the time to do so (occasionally), millions of people will have to settle for buying their bread from a grocery store.
Ditto, people seem to say the same things about bread that people said about wine & high-end audio equipment. Some actual empirical research would be nice...
Right. A Trader Joe's outlet has 20 to 30 types of bread. It's not like there's a lack of options.
What's the best way to find a local farm to buy whole kernels from? I'm assuming I won't find anything on Yelp...I'm also assuming there's bound to be something within a 1-2 hour drive in Southern California.
I used to get bread from a old school French baker in downtown Dallas of all places. I don't know where he gets his wheat (he mills it himself) but the bread was like nothing I've ever eaten. One time I ate half a loaf for dinner with nothing on it at all, it's so tasty.
You need to tell us the place!
Village Baking Co 5531 E University Blvd, Dallas, TX 75206
Not to discount what you're saying as I'm sure the bread was very good, but I've been thinking about whether knowing a bit more about the process and story behind food products helps enhance the experience.

So in this case, knowing that he mills it himself and that he seems to use old school methods, in addition to just baking great bread is a recipe for a better bread experience than that of simply eating great bread without knowing the story.

I went to Germany this past summer and bought amazing gas-station sandwiches for 4 euros apiece, with great quality meat, cheese, and bread. I came back to America and bought a Starbucks sandwich for $12 and almost threw it out, it was so bad in comparison.

Even if you have neutral perceptions of sandwiches you will definitely taste the difference between American bread and European bread.

Wow, that's 4x the price of Starbucks sandwiches where I live. Must be the same ones serving the $6 coffees (mine are $1.30).
It was in the airport, so I wouldn't be surprised. They looked about the same price as coffeeshops in downtown Indy, so I think it's more reflective of the cost per square footage than it is about the inputs to the sandwich. I would've hoped given Starbucks' "artisanal" bent for most pastries that their sandwiches would've been the best option given a layover, but it still didn't compare very favorably to gas-station sandwiches in Europe.
The processing that wheat goes through to become flour is interesting. Stuff is removed and then stuff is added. Different batches of wheat are blended to obtain a consistent product.

By grinding the grain in the bakery, it avoids the processing. The baker has to adjust recipes on the fly to adjust for the different gluten/protein levels since that will vary.

That might account for taste difference. Double blind trial would be interesting with different flours.

As an aside, consumption of bread is strongly correlated with tooth decay. Whole wheat has only a slightly smaller correlation.
I trust your word on this iamsohungry.

Seriously though, do you know how much is safe?

I'm a food cynic: any food will be branded as bad for you given enough scrutiny. All that does is make it harder to discern between foods that are slightly/possibly unhealthy and foods that are just actually bad for you. (my mother still believes that eggs are bad for you because they contain so much cholesterol)
Eh, maybe modern processed bread that has sugar in it. Questionable otherwise, unless you have a source.
Agriculture was terrible for our health - even before sugar became a part of our diet.

http://discovermagazine.com/1987/may/02-the-worst-mistake-in...

While agriculture has had health-effects, Jared Diamond is a quack who writes shallow fluff-anthropology and seems to take the approach of deciding on a conclusion, then go finding research to justify it.
While I'm with you on Jared Diamond not being the best scientist, your criticism misses the mark. What you've described is part of the scientific method: you come up with a hypothesis and you test it.

A better criticism of Jared Diamond's work would be that his work suffers from a lack of primary source evidence: he's not doing experiments or directly synthesizing actual data, he's synthesizing the results of studies. And since there's no objective way to choose which studies are relevant or evaluate the methodologies of different studies, that inevitably introduces his own bias into the process.

That said, I haven't seen any studies contradicting the claim that grains in diet are correlated with tooth decay (which is a smaller claim than the larger claims Diamond makes about health, and which I think the primary studies he cites actually support).

I'm happy for whatever health problems it incurred since it seems to have allowed and fostered modern civilization. I think a very important line from that article is this:

> The evidence suggests that the Indians at Dickson Mounds, like many other primitive peoples, took up farming not by choice but from necessity in order to feed their constantly growing numbers. "I don't think most hunger-gatherers farmed until they had to, and when they switched to farming they traded quality for quantity,"

Hunter-Gatherer works fine until you reach a certain population and it seems that that population/lifestyle is below the point where you start to really see civilization lifting up and starting to advance quickly.

Yes, I agree, I'm glad that people of the past sacrificed their dental health to build civilization to where it is now.

However, that's completely irrelevant to our food choices today. Modern agriculture is quite capable of producing foods which are more similar to foods we subsisted upon pre-agriculture. On an individual level, there's no reason for us to choose to eat grains. I suppose if everyone in society decided all at once to stop eating grains, it would cause problems, but that's unlikely; I think if society slowly shifts toward eating fewer grains, modern agriculture will be capable of adapting.

There's not a lot of good hunting along the Nile.
[citation needed]

because bread in the US is not like bread anywhere else I have been, all that added sugar!

Ironically, sliced bread is the worst.

Normal bread can get stale, dry and hard. But packaged sliced bread is much less perishable. I've seen sliced bread having the same texture and taste after a whole week of lying on a kitchen countertop. And when you read the ingredients on its packaging, you begin to understand why, as sliced bread is subject to the techniques of processed foods such as the addition of preservatives, antioxidants, stabilizers, anti-caking agents, or packaging gases, in addition to that bread being bleached, blanched, stripped of nutrients and with added sugar to make it taste better and because high-fructose corn syrup is so cheap, so why not. In addition sliced bread is subject to every health-related fad in existence. Low carb bread? Sure. Bread with Omega-3? Of course.

Basically the packaged substance in super-markets is anything but bread, then we wonder why our meals don't satisfy us and why we get fat.

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It's not all bad. Dave's Killer Bread is decent when it comes to ingredients. Even so, I've moved almost exclusively to baking my own.
But on the flip side it must be very good for the shareholders.
On the other hand most cities have at least some "real" bakeries where you can get a nice loaf of bread with proper crumb and flavor.

Most supermarket bread is virtually inedible to folks that have a taste for good bread. Aside from the insane ingredient list, the sickly softness of it and the lack of any decent crust and crumb makes me wonder what market forces influenced industrial bread makers. How can anyone that has tasted a traditional loaf of freshly baked bread stand for that stuff in the supermarket?

Time(convenience) and money? I love freshly baked bread, but I can't buy a loaf on a regular basis due to the strict schedule at work, and even if I do, I won't eat it all and it'll go stale very quickly.
Do you have an oven - making a boule is very easy and has only 5 minutes of on hand time?
Recipe? :D
http://www.seriouseats.com/recipes/2011/06/better-no-knead-b...

You can search on no knead breads. They are long recipes. But require almost no hands on time. You mix, you wait, you wait, you wait, you wait, you shape, you throw into preheated dutch oven and eat :)

I took you literally on those 5 minutes. ;) That one says 15.

I was mainly hoping for the 2/3rd reduction in labor because I'm a lazy sob.

Quadruple the dough and use it on 4 consecutive days. It will average pretty close to 5 minutes then. Also cut the dough and do not tear it.
Yeah the amortized time is not much more than 5 minutes when you get it down. It comes out to a few 1-minute operations separated by resting/baking times, so if you're around anyway it's very little extra time.
Fair enough, but cooking for myself, I just don't have that kind of scale to work with. It'd go bad before I could eat it. xD
A dough could be kept in the fridge up to an week. You could also always invite a date to help :P
No knead bread

3 cups of flour, 2 teaspoons of salt, 1/4 teaspoon of instant yeast. Mix in a bowl. Add 1.5 cups water, mix in. A wooden spoon, especially bamboo, is nice for mixing, but you can use anything, even your hand.

Cover (lid, or plastic wrap), let sit for 12 to 20 hours. Afterwards, you should see bubbles or "craters" of bubbles on top. If after 12 hours not yet much bubbles, let sit longer. If change of plans and you have no time to bake, can store the bowl in a fridge for half a day or a day, it will develop a more sour taste.

You need a dutch oven with a lid, or a pot with a lid, or something with a lid. No plastic parts, oven proof.

Put the dutch oven into oven, heat oven to 450F/250C. When the dutch oven is very hot, take it out of the oven (careful, it really is hot), sprinkle flour or something at the bottom (I use cornmeal) to prevent sticking. Pour the dough in. Try not to degas the bubbles in the dough too much, as these are what gives the bread the oven rise. Sprinkle flour (or cornmeal, or seeds, or something) on top, not necessary but makes the bread look nicer.

Bake 30 min with lid, remove the lid, bake about 20 min, or until the bread looks almost too dark.

Here I let the dutch oven to give the shape to the bread, so this works even if the dough is too wet and cannot be shaped into a loaf. You can also experiment using a tiny bit less water to get a bit more solid dough. Most other no knead recipes still make you flour a surface and shape the loaf using your hands. This leads to more cleaning afterwards, so I just left this part out.

Wow this is great! Any thoughts if I could substitute something lower carb for the flour? Flax meal, or almond or coconut flour?
Well, first, you can use part whole grain flour. As per other substitutes, it is the special protein, gluten, in wheat that makes the dough kinda stringy, elastic, and leads to nice texture when the gas bubbles from the yeast's metabolism stay inside the dough. With other substitutes, you might start to lose this. I don't know, I have not tried. The result will still of course be edible, but it might be less aerated, more dense. If it gets too dense, maybe the result will not be pleasing anymore.
Check out this cookbook from 2011: "Make the Bread, Buy the Butter."

http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/11510733-make-the-bread-b...

Baking good bread should be both easy and cheap, as long as you have an oven! That's not to say it wouldn't be better with more practice, experience, specialization, and, of course, better grains. But it might just beat "sliced bread!"

I freeze my tasty fresh bread and then double-toast it -- it'll lose some of its flavor but it's still >> wonder-bread
I buy one big loaf of "pain au levain" (French style sourdough) once a week. As much as no-knead bread has convenience, it just can't measure up in flavor and consistency to something made with a starter, kneaded, risen, and backed to perfection by a pro.
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I don't know. My entire life's experience with grocery bought sliced bread is that it gets mouldy very quickly.
I think it probably differs a lot around the world. Some places are far less prone to use preservatives than others.
There's a bakery near us that makes some amazing Bavarian sunflower wheat bread. They sell it pre-sliced in a few local grocery stores as well, but it definitely doesn't keep very long. Most store-bought bread is shelf-stable for weeks, and this stuff is only a few days. We've found that freezing it and then using a toaster to thaw it works great - almost as good as fresh.
I've found great-tasting bread always goes stale within about 2 days. No way around it really. Any longer than that and it must have some preservatives, in which case taste and texture will suffer.
I won't say that all breads freeze well, but some do.
Cut up and bake for a bit coated with oil and maybe spices for amazing croutons. A little chewy in the middle is great.
> In addition sliced bread is subject to every health-related fad in existence. Low carb bread? Sure.

How could you have "low carb bread"? Bread is a big bundle of carbohydrate. It'd be like low sugar caramel.

There are some high protein breads, one example I looked has 13g carbs and 17g protein per 100g. Whereas white bread might have carbs 45g, protein 7g.

(They probably have different water contents, so just comparing per 100g is a bit problematic.)

This is because you're thinking of actual bread and not substances that are engineered to resemble bread. Usually this is done by replacing grains in part or in whole with something else. Much like low-fat milk. Of course, a bread made of whole-wheat flour would be healthier because it contains fiber, besides some minerals that are good for us. But because we are obsessed with numbers related to specific ingredients, the food industry obliged.
> Usually this is done by replacing grains in part or in whole with something else. Much like low-fat milk.

Low fat milk is made by just removing fat from whole milk; the milk changes consistency and possibly color because of this. Fat is not a huge component of milk.

There are milk products that replace the fat with some fat-like substitute; for example, a store near me sells something called "fat-free half and half", when half and half should be about 10% fat. But low-fat milk just refers to milk with a large part of the fat removed.

You don't just remove fat from milk. For one because it loses taste and texture, they have to compensate by adding things like powder milk, sucrose or high-fructose corn syrup and colorants amongst others. Of course the list of ingredients vary, depending on the country and on what's being banned or not.

But the more interesting fact is that when stripping the fat from milk you can't just strip out 1.5% or 2%. Oh no, that's inefficient, the milk produced by cows is not that uniform and the tools we have aren't that precise.

So to obtain milk with 1.5% of fat (you know, the middle one, that's usually colored with blue, sitting between the green that's 0.5% and the red that's 3.5%) ... well, for 1.5% fat they have to strip whatever they can, then re-add that fat until they get the desired percentage. And what they add back is not the same fat that they stripped. No, what they add back is vegetable fat, usually from soy and animal fat of all sorts. Like for example there could be pork fat in the cow milk that you're drinking.

Disclaimer: my father is a veterinarian that has been the director of the center for food safety in my city and I live in Europe. Boy, he can tell me stories.

In the US, it would be illegal to sell milk with added vegetable oils without including the vegetable oil on the label.

I can buy that someone does it somewhere, I don't for a second buy that the entire dairy industry is in on it.

It's also the case that the fat in store milk has been mixed into the milk, it naturally tends to separate:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogenization_%28chemistry%29

With all due respect, you have no idea what you're talking about.

http://stage.rosiediscovers.com/wp-content/uploads/blogger/-...

http://stage.rosiediscovers.com/wp-content/uploads/blogger/-...

http://ij.org/press-release/florida-skim-milk-release-11-20-...

The milk in my fridge right now (not Lucerne -- Clover) claims the following ingredients: milk (or "low-fat milk"), nonfat milk, vitamin A palmitate, and vitamin D3. The whipping cream, which would be a place to add nonmilk fats if there was any such place, claims cream, nonfat milk solids, carrageenan, polysorbate 80, and mono- and diglycerides. There's corn syrup in the eggnog, but that's supposed to be sweet.

So, to sum up:

Skim milk is made by taking raw milk and removing the fat. It loses taste and texture this way, which is why I hate skim milk. It also loses appearance, becoming a sort of sickly nearly-translucent blueish-white color.

Low-fat milk is made by mixing whole milk and skim milk in the appropriate proportions.

Sugar is not a milk additive, nor is nonmilk fat. There is definitely not pork fat in the milk we're drinking.

There is natural variation in the amount of fat present in milk. This is allowed, particularly for "whole milk".

Powder milk really is used to make eggnog and whipping cream. However, it's hard to argue that adding powder milk adulterates milk.

Vitamin A and/or D3 are almost always added to US milk. That's not for any cosmetic purpose; it is a public health measure.

This one is fantastic, and only 1g carbohydrate per serving because it's primarily fiber and protein: http://www.holdthecarbs.com/low-carb-fresh-baked/low-carb-wh...

(The company has some sort of patented flour substitute that they make by stripping digestible starches from wheat flour and replacing them with flax and resistant starch.)

But yeah, as bad_user points out this kind of thing raises questions about the semantics of what should be correctly considered "bread".

Fiber is still, by definition, carbohydrates. Not saying fiber is bad though.
Actually, that's an interesting challenge that the company that makes that bread (LC Foods) has run into with their nutritional labelling. Because fiber is technically carbohydrate (just not digestible by humans), there isn't really a consensus among regulatory bodies on how to treat it — specifically, Europe counts them as calorically empty while the US considers them equivalent to any other carbohydrates.

Normally, with the amount of fiber stuff actually contains, this doesn't make a practical difference, but in the case of LC Foods it means that their products' calorie counts are basically completely wrong (at least in the US; they may change them when they distribute internationally).

"We" get fat because we eat too much. I don't like to blame food for people's bad behavior. Just eat less.
About a year ago I learned how to bake a good sourdough loaf, and have been doing it about once every week.

It's not exactly dense, but it does seem to be much more substantial than mass-produced squishy bread. A single buttered slice of sourdough toast is incredibly delicious, and is often all I need for breakfast. Though it's tempting to eat half a loaf right after baking...

Oh, and the same dough makes a damn good pizza. (http://stellaculinary.com/recipes/70-hydration-sourdough-bou...)

I appreciate all the do-it-yourself fervor on this thread but baking seems like a decent application of the principle of economic specialization. I, for one, enjoy visiting my local bakery every few days, and they do a better job than I will ever do even if I quit my job and practice baking full-time, which I'm not planning to do.
The thing is, homemade bread ends up being a lot tastier than store bought if your only store bought options are big mass produced soft breads. The crust especially suffers on packaged breads.

You don't even need fancypants flour. Just an oven and a few minutes to prepare it (plus rise time and bake time of course). I prefer to do a half and half mix of wheat and bread flour, but everybody is free to do what they like.

You can get good bread at bakeries, but I find that they tend to way overcharge for it.

If you're in Canada even all-purpose flour will work OK, since Canadian flour has a higher gluten content.
How much can they really charge that makes it worth spending ten minutes kneading, ten minutes washing your hands and the next two days pulling out arm hairs with caked on dough? That's my experience with bread making anyway.

No matter what bread I buy, bread isn't a major part of my weekly budget.

I've found that a 2 minutes preparation for a bread machine and a 3 minute cleaning is much cheaper than a 15 minutes walk into a bakery.

But then, I just reduce the number of walkings by buying lots of breads every time I go there, and freezing them afterwards. Still less time consuming than using the machine - but the bread tastes worse.

I have a stand mixer with a dough hook. I've done no hand-kneading and no additional hand-washing with any of my bread baking, and I make about 1.5 loaves per week. Outside of rising and baking time, making a standard loaf takes me all of six minutes.
For most stuff that is very true. There is one bread that keeps me easily saturated on 6 slices for the whole work day (=manageable caloric intake) but I need to make that myself. Takes 10+5min prep/cleanup, no rise time or preheating. Just put in baking pan to the middle of cold oven and take out after 60min at 200°C. Remove from pan and let cool for the night. 300g whole grain spelt flour, 50g rye flour (for more gluten), 10g salt, 20g white wine vinegar, 0.5-1 cube yeast, 300g sunflower seeds. Pro: Good taste, no sugar or additives, easy to control nutritional content, cheap. Con: Doesn't bake itself.
> I appreciate all the do-it-yourself fervor on this thread but baking seems like a decent application of the principle of economic specialization

Not really. The cost for me to bake bread is cheaper [and while I did ask for the guy with 5-min hands on time's recipe largely because bread takes ~15 min of effort with the recipe I use], I can make it and a main course in ~45 min of actual work.

> I, for one, enjoy visiting my local bakery every few days, and they do a better job than I will ever do even if I quit my job and practice baking full-time, which I'm not planning to do.

It takes me ~40 minutes round trip to go to the bakery. Its one of those tasks that, frankly, cost me more time than the 30min I spend baking bread twice a week.

That only works when the "market" has similar desires as your own. Which might be true in, say, Europe with regard to bread but in the US it's hard to find high quality bread at a typical grocery store. I've been learning how to make bread at home for some years and now I'm pretty good at it. I prefer my bread to anything I can find in a store easily and while it does take time, effort, and the initial expense of buying the necessary equipment, I work full time and making bread isn't a huge time impact on my life.
This headline is broken. And so is every headline that depends upon the "X is Broken" trope.
supermarket white bread, beside all other strange ingredients, has key technological difference from "normal" bread - the bottom-line industrial optimization favors adding more yeast and sugar for faster rise instead of longer rise with less yeast and sugar for "normal" bread, and as the result in the "normal" bread this lesser amounts are processed more completely. The longer process in the "normal" bread also allows for more carbohydrates (starch) from the flour to be converted into sugars and be processed by the yeast. (i did my one summer time at a completely manual bakery 25 year ago in USSR - it was among the best bread i ever tasted, and we did have relative shortage of yeast and sugar, so we used less of it with warmer water and let it a bit more time to rise)

On practical note - here in SV the "German/Bavarian" or "Russian" breads or the bread from Acme bakeries seem pretty ok.

It's not just bread, it's other wheat products as well.

Take a tortilla, for example. Taco Bell and Walmart have the worst of the worst. Chipotle's tortillas aren't much better, they still have that 'soapy' taste. Visit a local Mexican bakery (panadería) and buy a package of fresh-made tortillas and you'll be amazed at the difference.

This expands to every other bread you think of. Pita, paratha, bagels...

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I've been tracking what I eat for a while, and one thing I've noticed is that bread makes me hungrier and I feel worse. I've completely dropped bread, and my life has improved dramatically.
I've been making my own bread from http://www.amazon.com/Artisan-Bread-Five-Minutes-Revolutioni... and it's better than any of the breads I can buy around here. I'd be interested in seeing how much difference non-industrial flour would make.

Contrary to what someone said, I think bread is not a case where specialization pays off. Bread needs to be fresh, and it will basically take me longer to buy a loaf (if I could actually find a decent one) than to throw together one in the kitchen while I'm working on something else.

Not to mention that my half-assed bread, fresh, is better than the most awesome bread in existence if it's a day old. Hawaii is a terrible environment for bread, the crust is gone after a few hours due to the humidity.