I Am Sam Altman, President of YC Group. AMA

345 points by sama ↗ HN
YC applications for Winter 2017 are due a week from today and I like to answer questions about applying to YC.

I'm also happy to answer questions about anything else!

EDIT: Going to bed; thanks everyone!

457 comments

[ 21.2 ms ] story [ 293 ms ] thread
Do you think we'll be seeing more and more XaaS-like businesses growing ? Or do you think we'll move away from selling APIs ?
I think this trend is likely to continue for a very long time.
Does the likelihood of getting into YC increases after you have been rejected five times consecutively?

serious question

I don't think it increases or decreases. We've had companies get in after 5 rejections and sometimes do badly and sometimes do really well.

The negative signal for us is you apply 5 times in a row without anything improving or changing.

How well suited is YC for a company that only expect to have YC itself as investor?

i.e. might have no interest in presenting at demo day or pursue any further fundraising, but instead look for profitability and self-investment as the path to growth.

We care that a company might eventually be huge. Usually that requires raising more money, but if it doesn't, that would be ok with us.
You (and by extension YC) always seem to mostly focus on the success stories of the alumni/group. Have you or will you consider talking about the failures? If you can't do it, is there a reason why?
We do try to talk about this but should talk about it more.

It turns out that most people (and certainly most journalists) want to talk about/write about the success cases.

I'll think about how to best do this.

I'd especially like to see this in the form of lessons learned. Some of my favorite startup pieces are where a founder sat down, told their story, and said, "Next time, here's what I'm doing different."

In the startup world we have to be comfortable making mistakes, but I really want those to be new, interesting mistakes.

Even better, usually, is the second/third-time founder actually operating differently after making those mistakes the first time around. That way it's less "here's how I messed up" and more "here's how I messed up, and I know because what I'm doing now is working a lot better."
Lots of bad data there. Sometimes a company just doesn't work (timing / bad market) and founders learn the wrong lessons.

Speaking from experience.

Two & Three trick pony's are very rare, usually a guy gets over confident after his first win, put's it all in the pot, and assumes he's going to win the house. Just like poker, its a losers play.

Better for recursive 'winning entrepreneurs' to play it like sam, and dole out their money to 100 different excellent candidates, and then manage the winners, and try to cull the losers early.

...

Harvard spends a lot of time on case history, and a lot of time on losers. But in general once you have been an entrepreneur its pretty quick to spot a loser or a winner.

For first time young guys with a good idea, and the right experience '25 years' is about right, 2 or 3 founders is right, backed by a good CPA and law-firm is rarely mentioned but this can be more key than TECH, as fighting the legal hassles and avoiding taxation are more important than how much money you make, its all about much money you walk away with when the game is over.

Very few people play second rounds, I think most lose their health, and of course most fail, and you don't hear about them. These few people who continue to play VC, are in the game for the love of it, the connections of SV and such, for most people the dream is to get out and grow wine grapes, or just get far from the rat race.

I think most 'winners' end up like the WOZ, they just retire early and spend their lives doing as they wish, very few become like Jobs and try be a control freak until death. I think a normal person gets very bored with managing people after a certain point. Even fewer 'winners' become VC enablers, again we only hear about the winner's. Most 'winners' are smart enough to know that making money is easy, keeping it is hard, so said Carnegie of steel in the 1800's.

I'd like to know about this too.

With all the startups you see, what are the common patterns to failing? A missing skill, lack of belief, timing, weak message etc?

If appropriate, how to recognise the warning signs to correct and avoid being the next failure.

A common failure young start-ups is arrogance, & waste.

Andy Grove (Intel) used to say "Only the paranoid survive", so true,

I used to be amazed that the first thing startup's did was try to imitate the god's with furniture and building's, and the trappings's of wealth. I think your first $10M gross you need to stay lean&mean, complacency is the opposite of paranoia.

In a interview with B-Gate he said his recurrent fear early on was making payroll, cash-flow is a real problem. Keeping the expenses low, and keeping lots of cash on hand to make that payroll in good & bad times is a key often missed, of course a few times the VC's may step in to make that payroll, but that's not really a startup, its more of a parent paying the bill's.

I think a key is getting all the employees to understand that their 24/7 task is to do activity's that bring in the money, when this is done the money flows. Money is the blood of politics and business, if you see a 'failed' biz, its because their revenue came to a halt.

Is this an anonymous account for someone at YC?
A homejoy post mortem would be a good place to start given it was used a positive case study in a bunch of talks etc
Yes I've been fascinated by their story for some reason, especially since Handy has far worse ratings and seems to still be eeking along.
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Actually, you could reply to that commenter with a link to the interview you recently did with Livingston where you asked what successful ones have in common. Her answer was focus but she mentioned all kinds of bad habits that led to actual failures. It's a nice start on the list.

I'd do it myself but lost some bookmarks in a recent crash/restore cycle.

The beauty of Silicon Valley is (as put by an interviewer) "You can't succeed without a little road rash."

I think it will help to talk about folks whose initial companies went under, and then succeeded later. Or failed later and kept on going.

failures are at least as important a dataset as successes. Most technical entrepreneurs i know are very pattern oriented people. And in a way Reducing the datasets to successes will invitably bias their patterns one way. If the goal of writing about startups is to encourage more entrepreneurs to take the plunge, writing about success is certainly a good way. However, if the goal is to help entrepreneurs make better decisions, and hopefully lead to a higher success rate, then sharing failure stories becomes necessary.
I'm obviously not sama but it does seem like the ones who are not successful often do not want to talk about what happened, and HN also does not seem to upvote stories about them. For example, I was intensely curious about a YC smartbike company called Vanhawks and have submitted a couple variants on this story: https://techvibes.com/2016/06/05/vanhawks-2016-06-03, and none got many upvotes.

(That being said I do agree with the implication of the question, that learning from failure is important and may need greater discussion.)

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When interviewing, what key points are you looking for?
Determination Effectiveness Clarity of vision Clarity of communication Intelligence Quality of the idea *Potential to be huge
I've seen you try to use the markdown list syntax enough times on HN now that you might consider patching it in.
How do you identify small but fast-growing markets?

Is it a good/bad idea to found a startup in a market that is no longer saturated but also has big players (such as social media?

Predicting the future is hard. I don't have a great general answer for this, other than to look for highly engaged users. IE, when the iPhone came out, users loved it and used it all the time. Even though the market was small in absolute size, you could be confident it was going to grow quickly.

It could be good or bad depending on details, but it's certainly not always bad.

Do you favour companies on your request for startup list? Such as a pharm/biotech company > a software startup?
what is YC's stance on cannabis related startups that take the plant?
We've funded several cannabis companies. Some YC partners are customers.
The application for YC has recently changed. You no longer ask the question about what is a person's greatest achievement, which was previously said to be the most telling question on the app. Where are you now getting that info on the new app?
We do still ask that, and it's still one of the questions I read first. It's on the individual section (each person has to fill it out after the submitter enters their email address).
What do you like to see when reading the answer to that? What are your indicators for success?
Let's say someone is a fresh college dropout and wants to focus on learning programming and start a startup, and apply to YC Summer 2017 in March. What advice do you have on how to go about that?
Well, my biggest piece advice is not to do a startup unless you have a particular idea you really think needs to happen.

But if you want an answer other than that:

Start learning programming tonight. There are a lot of tools online, and it takes awhile. While you're doing that, start making an active effort to notice problems in the world.

What order do you look at an application -- is the video last?
Video first, then the questions about the founders, then the idea, then the traction/revenue, then everything else.
Super helpful, thank you
Is this specifically your order, or does everyone review in that order?
We all use different orders.
Would you have noticed Dropbox and Instacart with that order?
Are applications confidential?
They are read by some alumni and YC staff. We try hard to keep things confidential but the group of readers is large--I wouldn't put nuclear launch codes in them, just because of the risk of accidental breach.
What do you look for/like to see in a solo founder application? What makes you believe that someone could be successful as a solo founder?
For solo founders, I look for extra evidence that the person is really effective, ideally on this particular startup but if not then previously in their career.

It's harder to be effective as a solo founder, so the burden of proof is higher.

Do you plan to release more details about common visa/immigration issues and how Y Combinator helps with them?
Hi Sam. Can you explain the process for considering a Non-Profit a little bit more? A friend and I naturally think that we have a significant value proposition in the non-profit sector with everything other than the technical part flushed out thus far.

EDIT: Particularly if there is potential synergy with a business component as well?

For non-profits, we're looking for large impacts on the world. A lot of the evaluation criteria--how good the founders are, how good the idea is--are the same.
What startup stage would you recommend a company be in when applying?
The "we have a plan to be a multi-billion dollar company if this works" stage.
The "we have a plan to be a multi-billion dollar company if this works" stage.
Thanks for doing this AMA, a quick question...

1. What's the possibility of YC companies doing biz dev with LargeCorp during the 3 month bootcamp? Is this something that YC can help with due to it's large network etc.

It happens but big companies are often slow. We can usually but not always help with it.
What are the chances of a Subsidiary in getting accepted to YC? Have you had any case like this previously?

P.S.: I'm talking about a case where only the subsidiary has applied for YC and that subsidiary is making a different product than what the parent company is making.

I guess I'm not opposed, but I'm not sure we've done it before. Generally we don't like complexity though, so we'd want to be sure you're truly an independent subsidiary.
We happen to match up with your RFS for city-related to startups. Do we need to tie this into your RFS beyond checking the box on the application?
Great! No, please just do that.
Thanks! Just saw the RFS list changed, but we match another category.
What are some examples of adding value to a company that's already raised a good seed round ($2-4M)?
What do you look for in a single founder (non-tech) when they apply with their company being very early stage. What helps you determine they'll be a good company even if they are early?
Honestly, that's a tough combination.

We'd look for evidence that he or she could execute and make stuff happen.

To clarify - are single founder, early stage applications unlikely to be invited to interview at YC?

At what point does 'early stage' no longer matter?

I think the tough combination is 'single founder' and 'non-tech', I have heard him in an interview recommend finding a tech side cofounder in those cases.
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What universities stand out to you in particular, if any, when gauging talent from institutions across the world?
I'm (very obviously) not Sam, but I recall him having praise for Waterloo a couple years back.
How do you make a product that is profitable while serving an underserved poor market? i.e. if a market is massive but has no money to spend - is the business model different?
Hi Sam,

My cofounder and I don't live in the same country so we're each recording half the video separately and then editing the pieces together. Does this affect us negatively in any way?

No, that's fine.

If you haven't spent significant time together in person, that's a red flag for us, as we've found those teams often (usually, even) fall apart.