Ask HN: What's missing in a CS degree?

A nice start would be actually teaching Computer Science. Computer Science is a branch of mathematics, with both theoretical and applied aspects. This does not mean that learning Java syntax constitutes as "applied". I think it should be expected that CS students pick up languages on their own in order to complete and understand theory-based assignments. Anything else is probably just pandering to people who shouldn't major in CS. This doesn't mean programming projects are entirely out; if they serve to reinforce understanding something like logic programming or pointers, then by all means they're useful. The "open source contribution" and whatnot should be done on your own time, and doesn't belong in the curriculum, period.

Remember, you don't major in Physics to learn which brand of concrete you need to build a bridge. Not teaching a concept because it isn't "used in industry" is a sickening corruption of what academia is supposed to be about.

See my comment here: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1345596

Women. It hurts.

I think my CS degree was very valuable (regular expressions! hash tables! discrete math! cache cache cache!), although I'd encourage absolutely everybody to pick up two degrees as long as you're there. You might as well get a jump start on domain knowledge.

Weaknesses of a CS degree:

1) At the point of graduating college, it is likely that your experience working with teams in a production-like environment will be minimal. I think I did, hmm, three labs like this? None of them produced anything close to a real software product.

2) Academics don't work like industry. I worked at the university for a bit after graduation and we still didn't use, e.g., source control, testing, etc etc. Pick your favorite best practices test, we would have scored negative. It took me a few years to learn better habits.

3) You tend to do a lot of stuff which has little relationship to what you'll be doing for the rest of your life. If I were dictator for life of the CS department, I'd have kids exposed to web programming very freaking early, because it is much more likely they'll end up doing that than fat Java client apps (what we actually did in school).

4) There are a lot of soft skills that go into engineering that some schools give short shrift to. I will defend this one to the death: the most important skill for an engineer is oral/written communication, and their ability to actually produce stuff is a distant second. We had one class on technical writing.

One thing missing is a separate programming degree. The current CS curriculum at the schools I've seriously looked at has become a muddled bunch of courses that cover many basic CS topics at a very shallow level, trying to teach good programming practices along with some theory. This trend should be reversed in a CS degree - a lighter emphasis on actual programming and a heavier emphasis on mathematical analysis, proofs, etc. There is plenty of this kind of thing that has real-world applicability only tangential to programming. Even the grad-level AI courses at the University I'm attending downplay the role of math. There is nothing wrong with this per se, but I believe that it is at the expense of the real potential of teaching people CS at the undergraduate level. IS degrees sometimes fill the role of a "programming" degree but the variety there is pretty broad.

Math, science, and programming.

Industry might say that CS should concentrate on churning out experienced software engineers, but they are just avoiding the responsibility for training themselves.

If you read CACM academia thinks CS is missing students. They want to dumb it down to get more people in, especially less geeks and nerds, and more women and minorities. They are looking at ways of dumbing it down and making it appeal more to the masses.

I think in general CS is missing industry contribution. I would like to see more commercial enterprises writing papers, submitting at conferences, doing research, and training graduates to become developers.

Some CS programs seem to have buckled under pressure and turned into learn-java trade schools. These places are missing computer science. Some try to simulate the working environment and focus too much on working on larger projects in teams because that is what industry wants, but we have our whole life to do that and uni can't teach that well anyway, you need real experience for that.

But in general, I think most CS programs, especially after year one are pretty good, and teach what they should be teaching.

I like them to teach the classic core CS disciplines, theory, algorithms and data structures, AI, databases, software engineering, graphics, and they should focus more on leading edge stuff that is perhaps not so well used in industry but provides interesting scope for further research. I think they should deliberately use languages, paradigms, and tools that are not (yet) mainstream in industry.

When I left school my biggest gap was in my practical idea-to-code translation ability. I'm talking about the ability to sit down and write some useful code. I had spent the previous three years thinking about type systems, programming language design, and math, and when faced with the problem of having to make some code that would do some thing, I'd say, "What's the simplest angle from which to look at this problem?" It turns out that a much faster way for me to get well-designed working code was to just stop worrying and implement it badly, and not care about the design -- the best angle is from the inside. I've learned to artificially devalue good design.

Some CS programs are very good, it often depends on the school. Generally speaking, math has been de-emphasized too much and statistics is almost non existent.

I graduated last may as a computer science major and realized the holes in my skills were everywhere. I found that my theory was much better than my actual ability to code. It seems that schools should teach their students one oop language for three years and then start showing them what other options are out there. I found myself in the working world convinced I knew how to code in java, c++, python and php, w/o the real skills to work in any of them.

I would say that an intrinsic weakness of CS (and, probably, any other engineering) education is that a lot of the curriculum is targeted towards a past goal. CS is not just science but also industry, arguably in some ways more industry than science, and a very quickly evolving one. Not all professors can keep the curriculum up-to-date.

Fortunately, it appears to be a relatively small drawback. Particular details may change in a few years anyway; being prepared for the change is more important, as is being capable of learning, and this normally comes with a solid foundation which a good university program can provide to a good student.

This is a very general answer. I apologize that I cannot give a more detailed answer; my exposure to the CS education was through a graduate school which gives a different perspective.

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It should be mandatory that all software and hardware engineer do #1 / #2 / #3. All embedded software engineers and ALL digital design enginers should also do #4.

#1 - How to program a computer at its lowest-level? Write an assembly program, then convert it BY-HAND to hex, then load it into a single board computer using one switch per bit of the address and data buses, like an ALTAIR 8800, run it, halt, write down results from data memory. All good software engineers must know things from the very lowest levels.

#2 - Do the above, but use a built-in monitor to download the program via RS232. Use monitor commands to read the contents of memory and perform of monitor tasks.

#3 - Do the above, but download the program via JTAG. Use JTAG to read the contents of memory.

#4 - Do the above but load program in serial-flash / SD / NOR-FLASH / EPROM, then boot from it on a single-board computer.

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Study all the popular source control methods, the advantages and disadvantages of each one, hands on use of the most popular ones, configure and setup source control, how to attach to source control via the internet and download source code from completely different systems, including public source code.

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All the ways to test software. Hands on!

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Extreme software commenting. Document the heck out of some functions. Learn how and what is important to document.

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Learn how to write software specifications. Learn how to read software specifications and implement a program.

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Write a manual to document how a completed software program runs.

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Learn how to communicate with the opposite sex.

Learn how to communicate with managers.

Learn how to communicate with fellow engineers.

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Learn how to write effective emails...without rambling and not do other mindless stupid things.

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How to install and uninstall software from every version of windows / linux 2.6 / mac 10.x.

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likely many other important things that I've forgot to include :)

A large missing element is managing change - and how this relates to maintaining a successful project. I see this as one of the fundamental challenges of developing software in the real world. It's something you can largely ignore during a degree, where it is unlikely that a project lasts more than a few months. The best way to learn what challenges you'll face in the real world is to take on a long-term project. You'll make assumptions and mistakes early on which you can learn a lot from.

It would also be great to observe or join an existing project -- a project that has been around for some time but still maintains a strong momentum -- and learn from the way it works. That is, short cut some of the process by observing others that have overcome some of the challenges.

This should also teach you that there is so much still to learn about successful software projects that you'll be doing it your whole career :).

CSS, Javascript, XHTML, PHP.

The real world.

USER INTERFACE DESIGN

Most cs students graduate without experience making products that normal (non cs) people can use. That's a shame, especially when you consider that some killer products (iPod, Basecamp) have largely been successful due to user interfaces.

History of Computation. Read some old papers, study the people who wrote them. I would've loved a class like that.

How to build things.

Stuff you learn there is valuable. But you won't know how to build things unless you--well, try building things.

Hmmm... I think "up-to-date" professors. I've had professors who've been teaching for decades and they're still stuck in the decade they started teaching. In some instances it's ok, but in other instances it's just obsolete and new methods to approach a certain problem have been developed since then, which they are unaware of.

I'm a technology ethicist (with a BSc in CS though!), so I have to jump in here and say that society-aware and ethical design principles are seriously missing. Things like how to involve the stakeholders (not just the client, but anyone who might be affected or who thinks they may be affected, or who are simply interested!) in your design process, how to decide whether your technology/program/etc. is actually wanted by society (e.g. the Genetically Modified Organisms issue in Europe, where despite the science being awesome, the public just didn't want it due to the behind-their-backs political wrangling that was going on). And last but not least, how to make sure that, before you start implementing your amazing idea, your idea is acceptable to society. Not accepted, since that's just a matter for compromise in the end, and compromise is not what ethics is about (it's about choice!).

Technology has a bad habit of arriving, and then the mess being sorted out later. It'd be great to get those creating it to realise the impact they will be making on society and do something about it before it creates the mess. Of course, regular feedback loops on how it's all going throughout the lifetime of the project are also necessary -- just look at the facebook debacle recently! And the Google wifi scandal! And I could list a whole bunch of other seriously problematic incidents in the last 10 years (which, incidentally, is around about when I had just started my CS degree).

I realise this is mostly a pipe dream, and that most CS students snore through any "ethics" classes they may have, but instead of these "why are we here?" classes, perhaps integrating ethical design principles into the general procedures for software engineering would be a start.

I think one thing which is probably overlooked a lot and could be considered outside of computer science is communication skills. No matter where you go with your degree: academia, industry, start up or further study these are skills which you will need.

It doesn't mean you have to give up a broad education on underlying computer science principles to get these either, just include things like presentations and written reports with the theory work as you go. Team work is a contentious one as well. if there is team work you have to mark each persons contribution to the team rather than the team as a whole. I have had the experience of being lumped with some pretty terrible people work ethic and skill wise and had to produce something as a team.

Everything of importance cannot be taught.

Degrees will always be "inadequate" compared to the fast changing world. What is important is that it gives you tools to apprehend your work and even perhaps your life.

In your case, computer science (mathematics) and fundamental languages are a must (Lisp, C, assembly...).

Get the basics right. You'll have all the time in the world to learn "business stuff".

I just finished my CS degree, and I think that it was worth it. I had time for self-directed projects in any language I wanted, learned about web programming, interface design, compiler and interpreter design, regression testing, prototyping, and all kinds of things that I might not have learned on my own. The only glaring problem was that the professors never had time to teach. They treated classes as an annoying distraction from research and programming, and many of them simply did not focus enough energy on teaching, and were unprepared for class.

I've started realizing just now that your standard CS degree is completely useless in the real world. I feel like I've learned absolutely nothing in these two years. Fortunately, a combination of real life events and comments from people on HN has opened my eyes to what I don't know. So, here's what you - correction, we - need to do to complete our education:

1. Contribute to a FOSS project, or start and manage your own. Alternatively, build a product and try to monetize it. This pretty much covers everything that your CS degree claims to teach you. Now we can move on to more important things like ...

2. Learn to meet and talk to new people. Learn how to be comfortable around people, and to make other people comfortable around you.

3. Learn to speak in public. Learn to clearly present your views and opinions to an audience.

4. Meet women. You won't get time to do this once you're a Silicon Valley billionaire ;P

5. Learn how to negotiate. Learn how salespeople and negotiators employ simple psychological concepts to get people to agree with them. Learn how to protect yourself from these people.

6. Study non-CS subjects. Psychology, economics, music, art, whatever. It's critical that you broaden your horizons beyond standard CS topics.

This is what I've figured out so far. If more experienced people have anything to add to the list, please do :)

I suspect a lot of CS departments don't encourage/teach teamwork. I majored in CS at Georgetown and never wrote code with a partner. Then I spent two years at Stanford doing a MSCS and did group work in very nearly every class...which was extremely valuable.

So, my advice: Learn to write code in a team.