Will my earning potential be severely limited as a felon?

15 points by ConvictDev ↗ HN
Last year in February I was arrested and charged with 4 counts of possession with intent to distribute (I had small amounts of 4 different drugs). My case is a few months away from coming to a close. While there's a small chance I could receive a deal that drops my charges after successful completion of probation, it's somewhat likely I will instead do probation and receive the convictions.

I fear that if I receive the convictions (which cannot be expunged in my state) then I will be limited to small companies with mediocre pay. Is this true? Are my hopes of making a great living in this field squandered because I screwed up, admittedly totally, at one point in my life?

I'm re enrolling in school this fall and still have 3 ish years to go due to switching majors to CS. Showing that I can finish school will work on my favor. Are there any other things I can be doing to improve my chances of finding a great job after school if I do indeed receive convictions?

Thanks :)

42 comments

[ 3.9 ms ] story [ 64.7 ms ] thread
If it was murder or embezzlement? Yes. Most employers don't really care about drug charges.
I had a roommate in college that served time for a crime. He was only able to get jobs as a short order cook or as a roofer.

But given the resources to start your own company, even if it is bootstrapped, I think you have more options today than he did back them.

- Move to California where everyone is on something. Including the police and judge. - Try applying to Apple. Steve Jobs is quote for saying everyone should try lsd - build a cool side project so any company who passes is obviously denying you a job based on your criminal record. Aka discrimination. Take the fuckers to court and own the company at the end of the day
Steve Jobs saying everyone should try LSD is not the same as actually getting a felony for illegal drug possession.

Honest question: Is it actually illegal to discriminate in the hiring process based on criminal record? Especially if it's a felony?

Of course it is legal. You can't even get most government jobs.
I never understood why people in comment sections ask something that can easily be googled. I'm not you secretary, do your own work if you question something, but sense you're lazy... by the definition of discrimination and the federal law about discrimination, it is illegal. However, we have a legal system not a justice system so most citizens are screwed.
Your original post made it sound like discriminating by criminal record was illegal. Most of the time when discrimination is used as a pejorative, illegality is implied. I always assumed it was legal, but then again I know nothing about laws in CA so I thought maybe it actually is illegal in CA.
Discrimination is illegal. Doesn't matter how. However, we have a legal system not a justice system so citizens are screwed.
> Honest question: Is it actually illegal to discriminate in the hiring process based on criminal record?

Not directly.

I mean, given the disparate impact on protected classes, you could maybe make a case that of their isn't some clear business justification, it's indirect, e.g., racial discrimination and illegal for that reason, but I suspect it wouldn't take much to convince a court of the justification of most real-world policies involving criminal-record discrimination.

Justifying discrimination? That sounds like a dark road to be on.
"Discrimination" just means differentiating on some factor to make a decision; every hiring decision involves discrimination on some set of factors.

There are, obviously, inappropriate and illegal bases for discrimination, but without any discrimination, the only way to make decisions is randomly (and even that is, really, discrimination based on alignment with the results of your source of randomness.)

A lot of misinformation on here.

The short answer is it depends on where you live. Many states and localities, particularly in California, have enacted "ban the box" laws. ("the box" in this particular case is a box you must check if you have been convicted of any crime). The rationale behind these laws is that ex-cons who are potentially productive members of society don't need to keep getting punished after they served their time.

Can you discriminate against someone for having a criminal record? Yes, but if there's enough of a paper trail, and you're in one of these localities, they can sue you under these laws. Most of these laws have exceptions for, say, sex offenders applying at daycares, or check fraudsters applying at banks, but the decision has to be appropriately documented.

SF and LA are pushing the laws even harder. They've recognized that ex-cons who can't find decent work will just end up burdening the system further by reoffending, rather than paying taxes and working. If they're square with the house, the house must be square with them.

"Ban the box" laws do not prohibit consideration of criminal record in hiring, it only prohibits the question in initial application and delays background check until later in the hiring process, to discourage it's use as a blanket filter before other candidate qualifications are known.

A handful of local jurisdictions have adopted additional restrictions on use of criminal background in hiring beyond "ban the box"—so-called "fair chance in hiring" laws—but none of them go so far as to prohibit use of criminal history as a factor in employment.

"Criminal status" is not a protected class in the US, and it's unlikely someone would be able to sue if her job application were rejected only on this basis.
By definition of discrimination, judging someone based on their criminal record is discrimination. The law can say whatever it wants. That doesn't change the meaning of words.
> The law can say whatever it wants.

You understand that the law, is a thing unto itself. The language of the law may use english but the words start to take on very different meanings.

If you haven't you should listen lenny bruce. His take on the law is second to none. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Klrml3tI29E

"Discrimination" = choosing between things based on their differences

Discrimination is not always illegal. Discriminating based on certain characteristics is illegal.

You implied that OP could sue for discrimination, and s/he can't.

Based on your other comments, I think you're the one who needs to do some googling...

In short no. I make over 200k base.

I was in the same boat but with worse drug charges. Very few startups will do background checks and after 7yrs an employment background check in california legally cant show convictions before then anyways.

Its not like you killed or raped someone.

Plus, dont pay lip service to the thought police. You ingested a drug and theres nothing wrong with that. Lie to the judge and say you're sorry if you must but they are in the wrong not you.

This gives me hope. I realize you don't want to share personal information, but assuming you do have felonies (or even if you don't), how did you get into a position of making 200k base? Are you working for a small or larger company? I'm also assuming you're in SV. Once I finish school (I live in the Midwest) I plan on moving to the northwest or SV. Or really wherever I have the best chances with.
I think you'll be OK if you can manage your Google search results to hide your conviction as best you can. Many small companies will limit their "background check" to Googling your name.
If your felony was murder or rape or something, I think the answer would be "yes". But under the circumstances, I think you will find lots of companies (probably startups in particular) are run by people who don't care about a "possession with intent" charge.

If we were in a position to hire right now, and I were evaluating you as a candidate, it would barely factor in at all. Hell, I might even consider it a positive. But I'm a government hating libertarian who thinks all drug laws should be abolished, so my position may be a bit unique.

just be honest if you do get a felony if asked about it. If you lie and they do a background check and find it then that's an auto-no.

To be honest half of SV is on something or the other. So drug use / arrest for it for a small amount shouldn't be a big issue

As an interesting note:

Lots of companies that do background checks aren't doing them to see if you have an arrest record at all.

They are doing them to see if you have been honest and if you haven't been convicted of financial crimes, or computer crimes.

The former is a big deal if you do credit card processing and money handling, the latter may or may not be an issue depending on what it is and who you are working for.

Smaller companies give a lot of leeway to hiring managers, and there are jobs that you may be excluded from, but it isn't the end of the world. Honestly, places that believe past performance is a predictor of future results need a reality check. Peoples lives, and circumstances change enough that it isn't a good predictor of anything.

As you are a CS student, I highly recommend that you start working on and contributing to open source projects and personal projects. Working as an engineer ends one of three ways... You spend your years pushing the buttons and collecting a check, you do that same thing and get lucky with an exit or you start doing your own thing. That last one gives you mastery over your own fate and destiny and is the way a lot of us are really getting ahead.

It is much easier to try and fail when your young... eating ramen, working long hours aren't as rough on you and not having kids or dependents are big factors to you being able to sustain a lifestyle that those of us who are older don't have as easy of a time doing.

I ultimately plan on starting my own thing. Whether that be consulting, or SaaS, or whatever, I'm not sure. But I don't feel I'll ever be fulfilled until I'm making money for myself. I'm going to be graduating with quite a lot above the average student debt, though, so my first 5 ish years after school I plan on spending as an employee, gaining skills and dumping everything I can towards the loans. Thank you for your response!
As your own boss I doubt anyone would know.
I don't know the answer but I'll say good luck, and the "lemonade from the lemons" might be to just start your own business / startup / freelance from the beginning and enjoy never having a boss or a scrum meeting.
The short answer is: if you're a minority, yes. If you're white, no. Either way your potential will be harmed, but like many things, this can be overcome as well. You'll have to be probably way above average to overcome the "gravity" that will hold you back as a felon. After that I'd say there will be no more barriers, sans management positions.
That's an incredibly ignorant statement.
Really?

This is common knowledge. Just go read the book -- Marked: Race, Crime and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Incarceration.

Why pretend like being black isn't a severe disadvantage in terms of almost every metric you can think of? Failing to acknowledge reality just perpetuates inequity.

Sorry, but I'm not sugar coating reality for felons, white or black. People saying "you'll be fine" are just lying, full-stop. You will not be fine. You may be able to succeed, as many ex-felons have (which is really just survivorship bias as many felons stop looking for work all together), but your success will pale in comparison compared to the alternate self where you were not a felon. The discrimination against felons in the United States is borderline a human rights violation.

I wonder how many people in this thread have actually talked to felons who are looking for a job.

- http://thecrimereport.s3.amazonaws.com/2/fb/e/2362/criminal_...

- https://thinkprogress.org/a-black-college-student-has-the-sa...

- https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2011/dec/15/study-shows...

In any case, if you have evidence suggesting that a felony doesn't ridiculously reduce your employment prospects and earning potential (among other things), I'd love to see it.

This sucks to hear, but probably true. Meeting me in person, never would you ever consider that I've been in any trouble with the law at all. Knowing that the rest of my life could very well be an immense struggle is a pretty shitty feeling.. but I need to hear it.
I'm sorry about your situation, but I think the people telling you "it'll be fine" are creating a reality you're not going to see. That being said, you can still see success in your career (with tech, primarily) that exceed most non-felon people in the United States in terms of wages. However, when you get to this point, you'll realize that you would've succeeded even more had you not been a felon. Anyway, I digress.

Some notes from talking to hiring managers at my company:

1. I suspect HR just passes on felons directly during the application phase. What this means for you is that you need to bypass this. So if you pursue tech, networking is going to become super crucial for you.

2. Something like crime would prove to be a tie-breaker if things are hard to judge. Given the lack of objectivity during tech interviews, this will put you at a disadvantage. In order to get your foot in the door, I would try to a "big fish in a small pond." Meaning, apply at smaller companies, non-profits, etc. Places where tech isn't the primary focus and show value.

3. I assume you've seen this site [1]. I was reading an article a long time ago and saw it referenced. Hopefully it can be of use to you.

4. What I would strongly recommend is just becoming as good as you can, building your network as indicated in (1) and just contract and freelance. You know much better than I do. The discrimination against you for being a felon (even if it's non-violent) is offensive.

[1] https://exoffenders.net/

I see what you're saying. I'm hoping and praying for a deal where I don't get the convictions at all. That would quiet all my worries. It's a definite chance, but I'm planning for the worst. I will definitely take into account everything you said. Still, I have a slimmer of hope that over time, when the charges (or convictions) are 7-10+ years old, and depending on where I'm living at the time, I could see just as much success as anyone else, felon or not. Surely if a guy has very strong technical skills, great people skills, and valuable connections, the convictions could become a non-issue over time since he is valuable otherwise. But, we will see. Thanks for your advice :).
Hopefully you have a good attorney.

Make sure to demonstrate that you have ties to the community. Get letters from friends, teachers, relatives, coworkers, etc tonget in front of the judge and prosecutor.

You sound like someone who got caught up in something. Show that regret and accept responsibility. I haven't been through this, but I know people who have... good luck.

My point is that a felony conviction is a massive barrier, period.

Saying that a white person with such a conviction is no big deal is ludicrous.

Sure. That'd be relevant if I ever made that claim. In fact, I said the opposite: "You will not be fine." (re: white and black felons).
"The short answer is: if you're a minority, yes. If you're white, no"

You may want to re-read what you typed again. Perhaps you meant something else.

I guess you didn't read the next sentence? I never claimed it's no big deal. I simply stated an empirical reality.

And yes, I've already provided evidence on how your race will affect your earning potential, even as a felon. Given that white felons may have better opportunities than blacks with college degrees, being a white felon could be as "bad" as being a black college graduate. Take it as you will.

If you have evidence contradicting mine I'd love to read it.

We should talk. My info is in my profile.
Felony convictions will close many doors, especially at large companies.

Focus on places with "ban the box" laws and jobs that don't have direct impact with financial or health data.

You'll be fine. Hold yourself to a higher standard going forward and you'll be fine.

get a lawyer and get the charges reduced to misdemeanors.
"with the intent to distribute" is what you need to figure out how to explain to a hiring manager (if that's on your record like that, I have no idea how detailed that information might be). Questions like what were you thinking, did you know the law, the consequences, etc. The hiring manager probably couldn't care less about drugs, they want to assess your ability to make judgements.

In any case, I'd suggest you keep your dev skills above average. That will help make this situation less important. With a shortage of skilled professionals, certain things can be ignored provided they aren't too blatant (or are shown to have improved).