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Someone made a point recently that the past 50 years really have been a golden age of democracy (possibly the only 50 in history)

That during the 19C there was much more semi-democracy with strong authoritarian governments in Europe, cracking down on what we would call democracy (1816,1848 etc)

The point was that it is fairly easy to slip back.

Fairism is not something you build a stable society with. The individual (usually wealthy) vs majority was the canary.
Eh?
What we see in todays world is lot of disagreements. Why ?. Because neither side has consistent interpretation of (social) contract. Why ? Because its subjective which is result of fairism.

I am not really a good writer. I hope that clears it up. If not just ask.

Auto corrected fascism to fairism maybe ? Ruling party in Spain was started by Franco's people.
Downvoted for pointing a typo and a possible reason for using that word? Manual Fraga was serving as part of Francois Spain politics and started PP. Thus some people do consider the roots of the party as fascist. Sorry for pointing this out
I've never understood the word canary.

What do you mean with it, in this context?

> I've never understood the word canary.

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/canary_in_a_coal_mine

> What do you mean with it, in this context?

The pouplar reason given for the anti-success taxation, is that its fair. Because they agreed to the social contract. But its highly disputed by those taxpayers. Such disputes are canary/early-signs of fair/subjective contracts. Catalonians vs Spaniards is the other.

I feel sorry for the injured in this Catalan referendum, but in my opinion this referendum has nothing to do with democracy.

First of all a country's constitution is sacrosanct and that constitution not only gives the people their power to vote, but also says that the country's territory is indivisible.

If the Catalan people want to change that, then the referendum should involve all of Spain's citizens, having as much rights at this point over Catalonia, as the people living there.

I've said it repeatedly here, so here it is again: I'm getting the feeling that people don't know what a democracy is.

A democracy isn't only about the freedom to vote. What happened in Turkey for example isn't democracy, even if a majority is in support of the current administration. The right to vote means nothing without liberal freedoms or without the indivisibility of the territory.

In other words, you can't have an "independence" referendum without involving all the citizens. That's not democracy, but a war declaration.

Is this opposition to secession retroactive?
Then I suppose you don't know or understand the history of every modern state in existence (including the United States).
Self-determination of peoples is a jus cogens law and a cardinal principle in international law. It's part of the UN's Charter and it's enshrined in many international treaties subscribed by Spain and by the European Union.

The Spanish constitution recognizes the right to self-determination inasmuch as it explicitly enshrines the international treaties that define it.

Spain has always defended that this right to self-determination is confined to colonies because it would otherwise conflict with the also very important principle of territorial integrity. However, the International Court of Justice explained in its Advisory Opinion of 22 July 2010 regarding the case of Kosovo that “the scope of the principle of territorial integrity is confined to the sphere of relations between States”. Thus, even unilateral declarations of independence do not conflict with the aforementioned principle: “general international law contains no applicable prohibition of declarations of independence“.

But the truth is self-determination is for nations and colonies.

In this case, the right for self-determination is for Spain, not for a part of Spain.

I suppose the Spanish government didn't do a good enough job of convincing the Catalonian people that they are part of Spain.
The majority of catalans don't want independence.

The political parties promoting independence represent less citizens than the political parties that want Catalonia to be part of Spain.

So really, the Spanish government should just have let the referendum go ahead peacefully, and thereby have had that fact publicly demonstrated.
Self-determination for some, miniature Spanish flags for others!
If the constitution and the courts have deemed the ref illegal and any outcome invalid what else do you need to prove that independentist have no legal ground to proceed? The war declaration is from the police and who controls them. Catalans may be playing referendum but that's their call. Are you going to shoot the first person who declares independence?

The value of freedom of speech is very weak in spain...

When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another...
You are so strict with your definition of democracy and so loose with your definition of war declaration...
The word "referendum" is vague in English, but it's the only term for the least-binding question a government can ask of its citizens. I am not familiar with the Spanish system of autonomies, but in federal systems like the US, small bodies regularly pass referendums, resolutions, and even laws concerning how they will interact with larger ones. Usually without such direct violence, even when the laws conflict.

On a purely practical level, by cracking down on the vote, they only ensure its outcome. See if it passes and then strike down the resulting legal structure in a higher court, at the very least. The constitution of every divided country has measures to deal with these, and the first step is never "cracking skulls."

How do you think countries are created and absorbed? through legality and democratic negotiation? Power and powerful allies is what matters. In any case throwing the police against your country citizens (which are the powerless), just seems the worst possible strategy. How many people changed their minds today to a pro united Spain stance?
> The right to vote means nothing without liberal freedoms or without the indivisibility of the territory.

Woah now, that's an absolutely insane statement you just made. Actually, it's two absolutely insane statements.

There is nothing that says you have to have one particular set of rights before it counts as "democracy". The EU goes nowhere near as far as the US on some "liberal freedoms" (try supporting the Nazi Party in Germany and see where it gets you - being the most obvious example). They go much farther than the US does on some other ones. Which one of us is not a democracy in this situation?

Also, there's nothing that says a territory must necessarily be indivisible. Scotland independence, Puerto Rico independence (or statehood), and Catalan independence are all perennial issues. Hell, we literally just had the whole Brexit vote a year ago. There is no reason that any particular unit of government has a self-evident right to exist. They exist to serve their people! And in fact it would probably be better if we rearranged them more often - the US states are very unbalanced in many respects and it might be better if we rearranged them into equal populations and geographies that made a little more sense (this will never happen of course).

Legitimacy derives from the consent of the governed, and nothing else. If it doesn't work, there should absolutely be a right to dissolve it and reform another government. Or in other words: "when in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another..."

>>> Legitimacy derives from the consent of the governed, and nothing else.

Fan-bloody-tastic

This is lame reasoning. If that was the case democracy is just a dictatorship of the majority. Or a husband have a word when the wife wants to divorce.

You are just saying that if Catalonia wants independence they have to go to war and win it, because the Constitutions says the country is indivisible. Maybe you want the USA reintegrated into the UK, because british citizens didn't vote for the secession.

No, as he says Spain can vote to split amicably or they can go to war. The US isn't apart of the UK because they won the war. Virginia is a part of the US because the south lost the war. For an amicable split you would see something like India and the UK.
The indivisibility of a nation was overruled when the EU nations ( sans Spain, Greece and Cyprus ) rushed to recognise the UDI of Kosovo.

At the time that was warned to be a dangerous precedent, and here we are.

How long did it take to change the sacrosanct constitution in response to Euro Crisis?

> The right to vote means nothing without liberal freedoms or without the indivisibility of the territory.

I see the point of liberal freedoms, but care to explain, why the right to vote means nothing, if there is independence?

And if so, why is the Guardia Civil not in Western Sahara, if indivisibility such a supreme good?

This is not so simple. Most european countries were formed by conquering neighbour countries by the strongest one. So this is the Constitution written by conquerors. Not everyone might be happy with it.
Myself I'd say it was the narrow window between the end of the Berlin wall and the fall of the WTC. A dozen years.
Example of the crackdown on voters.

They seem completely nonviolent to me, even in the face of a disproportionate response.

https://twitter.com/OwenJones84/status/914427797753430017

https://twitter.com/ZabMustefa/status/914406611375894528

It seems like even the local firefighters and police stepped in:

https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/914472762030379012

https://twitter.com/catalannews/status/914453409453023232

What a violent mess.

Watching this it's easy to see a clear path toward civil war.

If this continues, I wouldn't be at all surprised to see the army step in & impose peace until such time as the situation can be resolved peacefully. I would bet good money that Spanish generals are dusting off old contingency plans as we speak.

The woman was not injured by police: she had an accident with the stairs going to vote.

There are videos with the attack to the police. At the end, there are violent people with the pacifist voters and not professional policemen too.

EDIT: Evidence asked, here it is https://youtu.be/wmLTRluQm94

EDIT 2: I was asked for source about the women and people manipulating pictures. Two sources here: https://twitter.com/arb149/status/914401352230621184/video/1 http://www.larazon.es/espana/difunden-en-twitter-imagenes-fa...

I've seen no evidence of violent people attacking police.

Edit: well that is evidence - not a huge surprise that things have now escalated when you have an armed force shutting down an election.

I am uploading it so you can see it. (Nice downvote before letting me prove my words :) )
Video evidence of other protesters being violent, excusing any and all attacks by police? You're only digging yourself deeper and don't even realize it. By the same token, just one attack by a cop on a non-violent person justified all attacks on cops. By the same token, anything any human ever did to anyone you could be rightfully punished for.

And where is the evidence the woman fell down the stairs? And how do you think "smileys" come across in the context of what seems like covering for brown shirts?

I am not excusing neither of the behaviors: both violents and not professional policemen are doing wrong. All your text is based not in what I said, but in yours interpretations of my words

I am adding references for the women issue too.

So what is your point? Everybody can very well guess that there have been some violent civilian in that kind of situation. If you specifically respond to unprovoked police violence with that kind of cherry-picked information, its kind of natural your reader might think that you might think that there is a kind of justification, somehow.
Well sorry then for reading your brief comments that way. Since my Spanish sucks I can't blame you.

But come on, we see cops doing things like jumping on people. Do their colleagues protest that? Do they go on strike until such actions are brought to court? No? Then they're all not "professional" enough in my eyes.

"Unprofessional" also applies to things like saying "hey buddy" to someone at a traffic stop instead of a more formal greeting. Why do you call the violent behavior of protesters violent, but violent and kind of sadistic behavior of police "unprofessional"? And apart from my interpretation, the bit about guilt not being transferable also stands. And it's not a minor point on the side.

> both violents and not professional policemen are doing wrong

As far as I'm concerned, that's like saying a rape victim is bad at mario cart. Police violence, any abuses of official authority but certainly such egregious ones, play in a completely different ball park. And just like the abuse of authority (and gear) don't justify attacks on cops, attacks on cops don't justify other abuses.

Thanks for pointing out that one thing was faked, I wish faking something like that should be punished like committing the act. But I remain in firm opposition to anyone who uses it to excuse anything else. If you want the waters muddled that way, accept guilt for anything anyone ever did. If you don't, don't muddle them. It's a binary choice.

Damn. That is an insane amount of people to have smashed their heads open after falling down stairs!
Do you kiss your mother with that mouth?
If this were happening in russia, the EU leaders would have loudly condemned the human rights violations. The silence from them now is shameful.
I didn't think of that, but that's a very valid point reg. Russia.
If this was happening in Russia, nobody would say nothing because there is nothing to say.

German police in the last G20 (Hamburg) was more violent, for example.

> German police in the last G20 (Hamburg) was more violent, for example.

Not even remotely.

Russia does murder separatists in Chechnya and Dagestan literally every day. Clearly you aren't aware of that because nobody loudly condemns it.
Indirectly, the Spanish reacting with brute force will just help the Catalans -- as they're proving their point.
Indeed. If the situation can be de-escalated without more than one or two people getting killed, then the situation will probably return to the status quo.

If it escalates to live ammunition in the streets, then Catalonia will have its martrys and its independence.

My thoughts exactly. Spain just gave a very good reason to Catalans to secede.
As a Spanish (not from Catalonia), I'm totally ashamed about what my government is doing to address a political issue.
This is basically what we are used to seeing from the middle-east, and from before I was born: South Africa. I don't remember the boycot, but I do remember my parents of talking about it.

What, if anything, can we do similarly to apply pressure to Spain? What exports are they depended on? What start-ups are Spanish?

Edit: Downvoted for being against beating up people who are trying to vote? Really HN?

Lucky you for having an absolute moral compass that immediately recognizes who’s right and wrong in the conflicts around the world
I don't get the point of the violence used to stop the ref. The ref is illegal. The hypothetical declaration of independence is illegal, invalid and likely never accepted by anyone (not in Europe not in the world) why the use of violence to stop the ref game?

This whole situation is senseless from both sides but it is obvious who is the side willing to use violence.

Politics are above law. Laws don't matter. The only thing that matters is power of the masses. If the Catalans are determined, laws will be changed
The Declaration of Independence was also an illegal, treasonous document.

The point of violent suppression of this referendum is optics. Those that fear and despise self-determination don't want to see a referendum result supporting succession.

Even if the referendum is meaningless, that result will be used as justification for later actions. The EU may not endorse an independent Catalan today, but it is more likely to do so if there is a clear message that Catalan wants it.

Because the PP, the party in power in Spain, will get political benefit out of conflict in Catalonia, the bloodiest the better.

If by any chance a Catalan terrorist group appears, that's the next several elections sorted.

PP misses ETA, the Basque terrorist group.

If you're thinking that's stupid and can backfire on them big time, well, I didn't say they were smart.

>PP misses ETA, the Basque terrorist group.

That's a really miserable thing to say.

> miserable

Very interesting word choice.

It's a direct translation, miserable in spanish doesn't mean miserable in english, it means vile.
It's sad but true. People's Party has been using our terrorist problems to attack other parties when they were the opposition. They feel very comfortable with everybody talking about nothing but Catalonia or the Basque Country.
No doubt, you're a Patán.

FYI there was a terrorist group in Catalonia called "Terra Lliure". Now the members of that group are promoting secession.

My point exactly. The PP are working on the "was" to get to "will be again".
Some civility here might be nice.
So what? Members of the former Spanish totalitarian regime are now in politics too, and I think it's great they changed their minds to now respect the most basic human rights. Don't you?
40 years ago Puyol used to say, first "paciencia" then "independencia".

Now that independentists are doing what they have repeated millions of times they were going to do, it is a problem of the PP???

Leave me guess: You are leftist, communist maybe? How do I know? because your visceral hate is so strong you can't think at all.

If Rajoy had really wanted to fix the "Catalan problem", he'd have called the bluff of the referendum the first time around, like Cameron did in Scotland, the vote would have been a very clear "No", and that would have been it.

Instead, here we are. Yes, this is very much the PP's fault.

And absolutely, the Catalan politicians are another bunch of disgusting corrupt agitators, who will also benefit from the tension and violence. They are also loving it. They literally couldn't have hoped for a better outcome.

I was merely answering the question of "Why is the Spanish government acting in such a stupid way?"

Oh, and I'm afraid your "commie-dar" is a bit misaligned.

Wow yeah now it all makes sense actually.

Spain's actions in all of this seemed completely bizarre to me. They could have diffused the situation so easily. They did the one thing that makes it all worse.

But yeah, once you realize that Spain is ruled by a nationalist party that wants conflict and violence to maintain power.. this all must seem like a gift from heaven for them.

Surely there are many countries now in existence whose declaration of independence was considered illegal by the country they declared independence from.
The Spanish government seems to be in a lose-lose situation.

If they don't stop the referendum, positive results will be used to further the independence movement. If they do try to stop it, the videos we're watching will be used to further the independence movement.

Which shows the futility of trying to bend the will of a people peacefully committed to self determination.

First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win. -- Gandhi

So has the Spanish state moved to the third phase and enabled the fourth?

If there are positive results then those people have chosen independence. So let them be independent. Anything else is despotism.
There is a possible ‘win’ - if a clear & open referendum is held, and the results do not give independence a clear mandate.

Both the lose-lose paths - and the government’s current actions - seem to presume independence would win that mandate in a fair vote. This was never presumed until the government started acting like it was.

This is a conditional and temporary win. It legitimizes the referendum path meaning Catalonia may try it again in a few years and other regions may attempt the same.
They didn't even tried to campaign for the NO.
US slavery was legal, and it took a civil war to change that.

The right of people to self-determination is actually a quite important concept in the international law.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-determination

The US made a war against separatists, in order to ensure the civil rights: the losers wanted a self-determination involving the "right" of slavery. So "self-determination" for evil/egoistic/xenophobic causes is not reasonable at all.

In Catalan region the population is split in two. It is not a "revolution against the central government", but for the power inside the region.

You're correct, but that wasn't my point. Just because something is legal / illegal, doesn't automatically make it right or good / wrong or bad.

I think they are trying to determine how the population is split by the voting.

If it's a large enough population that doesn't want to live under the Spanish rule, they shouldn't. And if there's a minority that does want to live under the Spanish rule, they still can, just move to Spain.

The problem is far worse: 1) The Court gave orders to the regional police. 2) The regional police IGNORED the orders for a week (there are videos proving that). 3) The Court, after the innactivity of the regional police, asked the "inter-state" police ("Policia Nacional" and "Guardia Civil", that are polices that operate in Spain at global level) to do the work the regional police ignored to do (they pretended doing it, but not doing anything).

Now, Catalan nationalists/separatists (one half of the Catalan population) have the photo of "violent Spanish police" repressing "idealist people just voting", while the truth is that regional police has been boycotting the Court during a week, against the rule of law. This is going to get ugly, probably with regional government and regional police authorities charged with many years of jail.

Putting pacific, albeit illegal, people in jail worked wonders in the cases of Gandhi and Mandela. The spanish government should be in some kind of delusional state if they think they can solve this problem jailing people.
LMFTFY: now, the world have the photo of violent Spanish police repressing idealist people just voting.

(I'm still looking for how to make fit the local police not doing its job in the story of those violence... maybe there is a rational justification using facts unknown to me; like the central government only employing unstable violent people for their police forces, who have been rejected by local ones?)

Unless you consider the "work" of police is to beat the local population especially when they have their hands up.

I completely understand the narrative you gave for what happened before all that shit and agree with its factual aspects, but it does not magically provides quotes for clearly documented behaviors. People justifying violence by politics are, IMO, the most dangerous. It is inadmissible to sound like a local police force ignoring court order justify central police violence against a population.

I wonder if it's a (failed, obviously) attempt to control the optics.

As I understand it, polls show a slim majority of Catalan residents actually oppose independence, but people likely to put in the effort and/or take the risk of voting in an illegal referendum will of course skew in favor of independence.

So if the vote proceeds, the Spanish government will be struggling to explain the result as being likely not representative, and illegal in any case, but they'll be doing so in the face of an invigorated independence movement that will be claiming a mandate. Even if the Spanish government's position is correct, this is a very hard PR problem.

If you can quietly prevent the vote from proceeding, you deny the independence movement the ability to claim a mandate, they have less energy, and your PR problem is easier.

Obviously, they got neither of these, but instead got a different flavor of PR disaster.

Of course it is a very failed-state-like attempt at controlling optics on both sides: Spain PM and ruling party is marred with corruption cases and independentists parties have been failing to take Catalonia out of recession. Both sides have interest in the current controversy. I'm not minimising the will of some (even many or even majority) of Catalans, or even the will of Spain to keep its integrity through democratic means, but the current escalation everything to do with manipulation by self-interest ed parties.
>As I understand it, polls show a slim majority of Catalan residents actually oppose independence, but people likely to put in the effort and/or take the risk of voting in an illegal referendum will of course skew in favor of independence.

I was under the impression that the pro-stay leaders were encouraging their supporters to stay home to de-legitimize the vote.

True on all counts, but isn't there notion of free speech in Spain?
> The ref is illegal. The hypothetical declaration of independence is illegal

How can they be illegal ?

A democratic government derives it's legitimacy from the fact the people they govern choose to be governed by them. If the people obviously do not want this government, then isn't it the government that's obviously illegitimate ?

'The people' are the source of power, they just outsource it to a smaller group of people through democratic elections for practical purposes. If 'the people' decide their government's services are no longer needed, then there is nothing the government can do. It's not their call.

The people of the democratic government democratically voted for the part of the Spanish Constitution that bars this kind of unilateral declaration of independence.

States in spain are incapable of declaring independence from the national government. This was a democratic process. A democratic process inside one state, just to get that state to say it is separate, doesn't change that.

So the parent's question still standards. If the referendum is illegal, why does the national government bother at all? It can ignore the referendum.

> The people of the democratic government democratically voted for the part of the Spanish Constitution that bars this kind of unilateral declaration of independence.

Are you sure the same people who voted for that constitution are the ones doing the protesting ? I'm not sure about Spain, but I know for a fact that I didn't vote for the constitution of my country, in fact it was written about 160 years before I was even born.

Are you arguing that you are not bound by any laws enacted before you could vote?
No, I'm arguing that I should have a choice wether to be a member of a society and as a result get all the benefits thereof and be subject to that society's laws, or not.

It's a package deal. I either join the club, benefit from being a member, and have to play by the clubs rules or I don't.

From what I recall, the thing making this referendum illegal something from the 1970s....

Not sure if that changes your opinion

and it also doesn't answer the question of why the national government is bothering anyway

The constitution was voted soon after the dictatorship ended. Times have changed greatly, and there have been several calls to re-write it and adapt it to modern times. However, the Spanish Government has always treated the constitution as a sacred text that can't be changed. BUT in the last few years, those who opposed changing the constitution democratically, used their absolute majority to enforce changes that were beneficial to the electrical, telephone and other services lobbies (which used to be public until they privatised them), and by extension, themselves. There's plenty of information about how high end politicians end up as those lobbies consultants after retiring from politics, a term that's been dubbed "puerta giratoria" or revolving door policy. And that hypocrisy is what brought this.
The majority in Spain doesn't want them to become independent. Democracy has this problem, it's called "the tyranny of the masses". There is no easy solution.
> There is no easy solution.

Catalonia is a well-defined region, redefine the borders and be done with it. Seems easy enough.

If these people don't want to be part of Spain anymore, why force them to stay ? There is no point to any of it.

>Catalonia is a well-defined region

That's not enough though. There are people who have tried to declare an independent country of their land, or their house, or their bedroom[1]. Clearly one person declaring their bedroom to be independent is silly and not allowable, but a large reason is. So somewhere there's a line, right?

[1] - http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/kingdom-of-talossa

> Clearly one person declaring their bedroom to be independent is silly and not allowable, but a large reason is.

Clearly states are silly and not allowable, but here we are.

If you allow any region to declare independence then there will be thousands or maybe even more states. Different provinces and regions are united into a country because this way they have more military power to defend themselves. When there is a lot of small states it will be easy to conquer them one by one - either by external enemy or by one of those small states. At least this is what happened in the Middle Age.
> If you allow any region to declare independence then there will be thousands or maybe even more states.

You say this like it's a bad thing.

> Different provinces and regions are united into a country because this way they have more military power to defend themselves.

Exactly. So there are many benefits for people to form larger groups, but please let them decide that for themselves. This kind of negates your first point, if there are obvious benefits then there won't be thousands of states, because people would recognise they are better off together.

>> because people would recognise they are better off together

I don't believe for a second that people will. There are groups of people who don't give a crap about "being better off" - they care about showing those damn Spanish/British/French/German/Polish/<insert group name here> what they think and being able to "finally decide for themselves" which is complete nonsense. If people could so easily see the benefits of staying together then Brexit wouldn't happen and we wouldn't be seeing nationalist movements all over Europe nowadays. The problem is that the benefits are not obvious and you have to actually educate yourself a bit about them - but if someone is unwilling to put the energy into it, then it's not going to happen.

While I do agree with you, there's a bit of me that wonders whether allowing some regression on a smaller scale (although Brexit is by no means small) might keep us from becoming a powder keg that explodes at a later time.

Already after Brexit I've heard quite a few reports of 1) young Brits elsewhere in Europe becoming much more engaged with politics because 'now it matters', and 2) Brexit voters who now regret their decision because it affects them negatively (or is likely to).

Again, I agree with you and I don't think it's ideal, but part of me feels letting people make decisions like this, even if I personally think they're (often) stupid decisions prompted by populism, might be better than jamming 'the educated choice' down their throats.

But I'm not expert on the matter. Are there any historical analogues that might provide some insight here?

Yeah, I'd say let's allow UK to crash and burn in Brexit, so people have cautionary tale and educate themselves better next time they make such a big decision.

It sounds mean, but as you are saying - we have to allow that at least sometimes, so people are ok with listening to more educated people next time. Because when even such fragmented group as economists agreed universally that Brexit is bad, it just is bad, and people should accept it.

In 1945 there were 51 members of the United Nations. There are now 193. What's the problem?
Atherton, California is a well-defined region with a rather fabulous level of wealth. Are you suggesting that the town of Atherton ought to be able to vote for independence, in order to avoid paying state and federal taxes? May any geographically delineated group opt out of the local government structure?

Surely you can see the flaw in your line of reasoning.

Sure. But they had better come up with a currency, nation/state political system in which others can adhere to, tax system, military, and all other things that nation-states do.

I dont think a "town", regardless of their richness, would be able to handle that.

Now, I could see the eastern seabed, with the bounds of the Appalachian mountains as a "country". I could also see the northern and southern areas between the 2 mountain ranges being their own countries as well. But not a "town".

I'm on the phone with San Marino, Monaco, The Vatican, Lichtenstein, Luxembourg, Andorra and several tiny islands in the middle of nowhere. I'm trying to tell them the sad news that occultist_throw can't see them existing at all, it wouldn't be viable, you see.

I'm trying to soften the blow, what do you think I should tell them?

Only somewhat facetiously, sure. Why not? Though I expect that Atherton won't be as fabulously wealthy once its residents can't get visas to work in the United States or maybe even visit. It might also be tough if they lose access to electricity and water they need.
There is no flaw.

If a group of people doesn't want to be governed by a certain body they should have the right to secede.

A government derives it's right to rule by the people accepting this rule.

Obviously this is a really hard problem and it opens up the door for all kind of abuses, but ultimately democracy demands that. Democracy first needs a demos. A group of people who feel connected by whatever reason they like and agree to form a community. If the borders of the community are not drawn by the community itself, it's not democratic. Just look at all the wars being fought about borders which were drawn by colonial forces and didn't respect the locals.

In this I also see the power of parliament's and federal states - even if your vote don't win the election, you are still represented in parliament and you have the local gov. Without that, it would be hard to keep regions where a majority voted different than the whole nations majority.

Globalism, neo-liberalism, individualism - all that severely reduced the solidarity people have which each other. The internet then connected us with people that we share much more with than just area. All nations, democracy as a whole will have to face this tremendous challenge. And I have no idea how.

You declare "there is no flaw" and then you proceed to describe it in detail.

Surely you can see the flaw in this new line of reasoning as well?

Sorry, but "Surely you can see the flaw" is not meaningful contribution to the discussion. It's just a passive aggressive way of saying "you are wrong so please think until you realize the superiority of my opinion".

There is two simple truths. 1. If a group decides that it doesn't want to be ruled by a certain body, it's hard to legitimize the continuation of that rule. 2. If any group, especially very small ones can refuse the ruling body, all big groups will ultimately split down to individuals with no rules at all.

Democracy only works when balancing these truths. Trough opposition in parliament, minority rights, local and regional governments, regional independence and so on.

I.e. the whole situation in Catalan is blowing up because the reginal independence wasn't granted (or not enough in the opinion of the Catalans). Look at South-Tyrol in Italy for an example where things are working better. Even the American states are a good example - liberal, rich California wouldn't accept Republican rule without the independence the states have.

Surely you can see the point I'm trying to make?

The phrase you object to is an invitation to consider the points which were raised in the paragraph just above. I think a reasonable person can immediately see the error.
>If a group of people doesn't want to be governed by a certain body they should have the right to secede.

If you follow this principle to the extreme then laws become essentially voluntary, which contradicts the whole meaning of law.

I think democratic principles can never be applicable to decisions about the existence of the entity as a whole in the same way they apply to governing an existing entity.

What's wrong with a city-state? We still have a few left from the old time!

It's weird that everyone wants a large monopoly not a lot of smaller competing governments.

This is what the Confederate States of America did.

That line of thinking is very unpopular, at least in the US since that time.

No. And I don't think any US state would seriously contemplate secession today however polarized politics are.

That said, if any state or group of states did overwhelmingly want to breakaway from the US, it seems unlikely that there would be meaningful support for the federal government to go to war to stop them.

There have been the Calexit movement [1] and various movements in Texas [2]. Texas in particular has some substantial poll numbers.

Given that states rights are far less than they were in the 19th century, I expect the US government to be even more likely to prevent succession in the infinitesimal chance it would happen.

[1] http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert...

[2] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_secession_movements

I think it's one thing to tell a pollster "OMG, if Hillary wins Texas should leave the US" and it's another to actually vote for it. And, even if one supports the idea that states should be able to do this, it's still reasonable to argue that it should require a significant supermajority.

Your point about the erosion of states rights is certainly fair. In any case, it's hard to say what "prevent secession" means without the context of the circumstances.

> A democratic government derives it's legitimacy from the fact the people they govern choose to be governed by them. If the people obviously do not want this government, then isn't it the government that's obviously illegitimate ?

Spain has chosen to be governed by the current government. Democracy doesn't mean that you always get the way you want if the majority wants something else...

> Spain has chosen to be governed by the current government.

I mean, sort of yes, but also Catalonia was annexed within living memory.

If you believe that lie, I can't help you.
I think you can assume goodwill here. If OP is mistaken, clue them in. Reputable sources of info on the history of Catalonia are plentiful, whether online or in the library. In this case, OP is probably referring to the Spanish Civil War, which indeed happened within living memory and prior to which Catalonia was autonomous under the Second Spanish Republic:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Catalonia#Republic_...

> I think you can assume goodwill here. If OP is mistaken, clue them in.

Thank you.

It's true, Catalonia already proclaimed its independence on the evening of October 6th 1934 (it only lasted until the early morning of October 7th 1934, though).
What annexation are you talking about? As far as I can tell, Catalonia lost it's independence with the Nueva Planta decrees in 1716 [0], which is far from "within living memory".

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Planta_decrees

Oh please.

Just because it happened a few hundred years ago, doesnt mean they lost their own heritage, their language, and their self-determination.

Look no further than Ireland. That battle goes back to Grace O'Malley and Elizabeth in the 16th'c. In reality, it went further back, to this structure called the Hadrian Wall, but that's in 1st c.

"Living memory" indeed.

> Spain has chosen to be governed by the current government.

Did they now ?

Let's say Russia is having an election and the people in Crimea are allowed to vote. Let's assume the majority of Russians voted for Putin but hardly any of the people in Crimea did. Did Russia suddenly become the legitimate government of Crimea just because 'the people voted for it' ?

I think the first step would be for the people to agree to have an election over who governs them first.

AFAIK Catalonia didn't voluntarily join Spain, they got annexed.

> Catalonia didn't voluntarily join Spain, they got annexed.

This is how most countries were formed in the Middle Ages. You either are big enough to defend yourself or become a part of big enough country.

A lot of bad shit happened in the Dark Ages, that's why they are called the Dark Ages. Doesn't mean we shouldn't correct them now we know better.
If you allow anyone to declare independence then Europe might split back apart into hundreds of small provinces. For example, there were times when major Greek and Italian cities were independent states, what if they will want to return back to that time? In this case an external enemy will conquer those small states one by one like Pacman eats dots.
Why do you think a military alliance requires a political one? They can join e.g. NATO if they are afraid of Russia.
They will not be able to meaningfully contribute to such military alliance - every state having single fighter jet? Or a few tanks?

And if they pool money to form an army - how will be the funding determined? Some states will want more defence, some less, some will prefer naval power, some airpower . . .

if those people can't agree on anything to such extent that they want to be entirely separate, how would they agree on anything when they would have even less incentive to cooperate? See how dysfunctional EU seems at times today, and this would be way worse . . .

Especially when you start considering other forms of warfare, like trade. Solving all problems leads right back to something resembling either superstate or close coalition of large states.

They will cooperate if they have a threat of invasion, they won't cooperate to have a large standing army - and that is a good outcome. For example see mutual defence of Switzerland cantons before federal state.
How will they contribute to NATO then? Your point was that they don't need political alliance to be in a military one, my point is that this is practically impossible.

Also good luck with making an army from nothing just in time before invasion.

Edit: and you are still ignoring weakness of such states on economic level.

History shows it was possible in cantons of Switzerland, Habsburgs couldn't conquer them, despite no federal authority. There are still examples of small countries in military alliances today - I don't see what is the problem with contributing.

Economics is not a problem in a modern world with a free trade. Small city-states, that embrace free trade, fare well. There is even an possibility, that trade liberalization leads to political disintegration: https://www.nber.org/papers/w6163

Imo Switzerland is poor example and free trade cannot be guaranteed for small states in today's world but I guess we will not convince each other in this limited debate . .. Let's agree to disagree.
The sovereignty of Spain falls on all Spanish citizens.

If you allow a referendum on such topic in a part of Spain, it doesn't matter the result because you're accepting implicitly that a part of Spain can rule over the whole.

> If you allow a referendum on such topic in a part of Spain, it doesn't matter the result because you're accepting implicitly that a part of Spain can rule over the whole

Let's boil it down to the basics: an election decides who is going to be leader of a group of people. For that leader to be legitimate every member has to voluntarily decide they want to be part of the group and thus the election.

The problem here is not that Catalonia doesn't accept the government because they didn't like who won the elections. The problem here is that they never agreed to even be part of those elections.

If we have a group of 10 people who decide to democratically pick a leader, and the majority chooses Steve. That's fine. What is not fine is taking 2 random people of the street and tell them they have to now do what Steve tells them because he was voted leader 10 against 2. They never agreed to take part in the election and respect its results.

And yet I don't see any way this can work without the 'tyranny of the majority', as long as we consider things like private property a thing.

So ten people decide to bow at Steve's now-royal feet. His rule involves property. The two who didn't vote for him might be living within the boundaries of that property. Or it might not be economically feasible for them to survive without entering Steve's kingdom. And unfortunately all the other land is rules by Dave and Jared, who would require their submission just as much as Steve.

I just don't see a practical way, within the framework of (pretty much?) then entire world at this point, where it is possible to not agree to take part in an election, and to realistically disrespect its results.

Catalonia and the real world is more complicated, so perhaps there is a future where Catalonia succeeds at seceding. Personally I'm not as much against that as most people seem to be.

But I guess I'm just pointing out that there's no simple anything that this situation can be reduced to.

The question that clarifies the matter is not whether something is illegal. You can craft language to make lots of things illegal, especially within a hierarchy of national and regional governments. The question is whether voting for independence is a crime. When you have to make voting a crime, and deploy police to prevent the population turning out to vote, it's a pretty good indicator you are on the wrong side of history.

This is probably not the the way the national government wanted their actions to be seen, nor is overwhelming popular disobedience the outcome they desired.

And do you think these facts are unclear to either the Catalan government organizing the referendum or the Spanish government sending in 13000 "police" officers to stop them ?

Yet the Catalan government moves forward (because that's how they got elected in the first place perhaps ?) and Spain is using violence to stop them (also illegal, but no way the courts are going to do anything about it, those officers do not have the right to operate there).

The Catalan government is not stupid: they know most of the voting will be stopped. They declared that whatever votes they can gather, if 51% vote for independence, they will declare independence, illegal or not, however many votes they can gather and once declared they will presumably move their own police force directly against the Spanish force (that Catalan police force far outnumbers the Spanish police).

That the voting is obstructed seems to virtually guarantee that 51% condition will be satisfied, whereas it would be a tossup at best if there was a fair election. It seems the Catalan government was gambling that Spain wouldn't take the risk, and they were right. Tomorrow Spain is the enemy, and Catalunya will be united under the separatist government.

Sounds like it's a pretty good bet that more violence is coming.

Europe has a huge problem. Europe's economy has been stagnant for the past 10+ years in the vast majority of Europe. There are only a few exceptions to that. Germany, the Netherlands, ... and Catalunya. Spain does not satisfy either the debt conditions or GDP conditions of joining the EU, and Catalunya does. But that's a trivial legal problem: when European politicians had to make the choice between more control and more people and their treaties (supposedly the constitution of Europe. heh), they chose for more control every single time. So Spain will be forgiven, and everybody will squint until Spain is allowed to stay. But Spain will obviously object to Catalunya staying in the EU. And if Catalunya separates, or even tries to and manages to make Spain look bad enough, many bridges might break. Belgium, the Flemish region versus Wallonia (in that one, Europe might lose it's capital). Scotland who might want to shortcut Brexit. Meanwhile, this will strengthen separatist movements in other countries (Italy, France, ... and those mostly want to leave Europe).

Therefore a LOT of things could break very badly if Catalunya separates and Europe is vehemently against, but they can't come out and state as much. The only government even a little bit willing to come out and show some support is the Belgian NVA, which is sort-of a separatist movement itself. The big question is what they'll do next.

Referendum is basically a crowd psychology thing, that allows people to believe there is a big support for the independence. This makes it easier to create a shadow government, convince some of the local police to take its side and pressure others to at least not to intervene. And with support from the crowd and inactive police it will be easy to take over government buildings, mass communication channels for propaganda, set up block posts, etc., eventually creating a separate county.

The government is in a hard position though, if it doesn't use force it loses. If it does it still might lose or even start a war, but at least there is a chance to stay in power.

Very simple. The idea was making the last normal elections an independence referendum, had independentist won. They lost.

So they decided they would fly forward. Most of them, like Mas and Puigdemont were friends or partners of Puyol, who actually manage to steal hundreds of millions of euros, probably thousands, they are going to jail anyway. They have nothing to lose and lots to win.

Puyol stole for 40 years without nobody in central Government doing anything, you could not do business there without paying to his family. He actually hired people from the Spanish secret services and got a lot of information back so central Government was scared of doing anything against him.

The plan was doing all this and after 48 hours unilaterally declare independence, because of the "Oppressive state".

For the independentists it is "now or never". Certainly is not easy to have someone as weak as Rajoy as prime minister.

For me as an Spaniard who works in center Europe who last week was in Catalunya is obvious who is using violence. It is not the police. There are people trowing stones to police, they are insulting and spitting to them, they are doing scratches to them.

> For me as an Spaniard who works in center Europe who last week was in Catalunya is obvious who is using violence. It is not the police. There are people trowing stones to police, they are insulting and spitting to them, they are doing scratches to them.

https://twitter.com/VictorHR3/status/914424974504587264

There is no violence by catalan demostradors. You are simply lying with the usual Spanish centralist retoric.

Has Pujol stolen? Yes. Have PP and PSOE (Spanish centralist groups) stolen? Yes.

Are lots of catalan tired of being insulted, being told they are not important, being told they are insolidary, being told they speak a language too many? Yes.

This movement is not in favour of local thieves, it's not against Spain, it's against some attitudes by fascists, that unfortunately are in power.

> Puyol stole for 40 years without nobody in central Government doing anything, you could not do business there without paying to his family. He actually hired people from the Spanish secret services and got a lot of information back so central Government was scared of doing anything against him.

Poor central government, at least they are lucky that NOBODY in that party has been stealing and being corrupt, isn't?

And yes, PuJol (Puyol is the football player) is a thief and one of the most corrupts politicians in Spain, buy he is not very different from a lot of others politicians of PP and PSOE

I think this is about establishing that Catalonia doesn't want to be part of Spain on the current terms. If that's establish in a referendum (of any form) then they will have leverage to renegotiate their relation with Spain (much like Scotland). Spain has a lot to lose from that since Catalonia is an economic giant within Spain. So even violent quenching has better optics than allowing the referendum.
This is not like England and Scotland, is more like Manchester wanting to leave England.

Catalonia was a economical power but not anymore, all Spaniards are sustaining that region using the FLA (Fondo de Liquidez Autonómica or Autonomous Liquidity Fund).

Catalonia has it's own language though, whereas Mancunians may speak strangely, but it is still considered English.
> This is not like England and Scotland, is more like Manchester wanting to leave England.

In what way?

(Let's ignore for now the fact Manchester did have a semi-serious independence movement during the Scotland referendum, and no police were necessary.)

There's substantial bi-directional traffic between the Catalan and Scottish independence movements.

Also, Manchester doesn't have its own language which the central government tried to suppress.

Isn't there something in the UN declaration of rights about self-determination.
Yeah, Spain was looking like the good guys at first: rich Catalonia wants to keep all their tax money and not help anybody else. Nobody was supporting Catalonia and their illegal vote was completely irrelevant and wouldn't have been honored or respected.

What Spain should have said is "ok Catalonia, have your little vote, it doesn't mean anything." And then just ignored the whole mess.

Instead they sent in the brute squad and now you images of innocent people getting beat up in the street by Spanish thugs.

The European Union sides with the Spanish Constitution, supporting the rule of law, against the regional nationalist revolt [1]. Also, it seems that Russian "hackers" are helping the rebels [2].

[1] https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/09/15/inenglish/1505463613_51...

[2] https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/09/28/inenglish/1506588970_02...

This is from BBC which is generally considered a reliable source. Even if the referendum is illegal, it doesn't justify violence against peaceful protesters.
Of course there are injured people, including policemen. If you start a revolt, you can expect problems. What do you expect, peaceful anarchy? Police is acting after a Court order, ensuring the rule of law.
What does Spain gain from using violence ?

Can't they just ignore the results on the basis it's illegal ?

"Spain"? The police is acting after a Court order from Barcelona (main city of the Catalan region), not from the central Spanish Government.

Edit: I can not reply to more comments, as it seems I have a limit of 5 comments per day. "Thanks", Hacker News. To the reply to this comment, I would reply that Courts have to apply the Law. I.e. it is not "optional", so if a Court sends the police to stop an illegal action, it is not arbitrary, but a duty. In Spain Courts and Goverments are separated, i.e. the Court is not acting because of central Government orders.

Thanks for the clarification. But what does Barcelona gain then ?

Can't they just ignore the results on the basis it's illegal ?

The fact that the court order comes from Barcelona is irrelevant as that court and judge:

1. Are hierarchically under the Spanish judiciary

2. They are ordering these actions (not including violence BTW) based on the automatic suspension of the referendum (there's no ruling) from a tribunal in Madrid

The number of injured have been reported by the Catalan officials, which benefits from enlarge the amount. Maybe the number is true. I will remain skeptic until information from several sources is provided.
Just the amount of people I have seen injured just in the videos being shared easily reaches the hundred. To be honest, even one case is not acceptable.
This is not Spain, indeed, so don't expect people to support violence against voters, no matter what they were voting for.
Without very good reasons it is my maxim to prefer to sympathize with the side that applied no/much less violence (which can be the side of the law, but can also be the other side).
I usually see HNers stand against fake news, and post-truth, but here I am watching secessionists brigading Hacker News scot-free.
As are the unionists.
The events are actually happening are they not? Please can we distinguish between "I don't agree with the politics expressed here" and "the reporting describes events which didn't happen, or misdescribes events that did"?
Its also been boycotted by the opposition and was rushed through using dubious mesures by the ruling party
I'm repeating myself but...

The only source for BBC quoting "hundreds injured" is what secessionists say, they don't contrast that number.

There was a change in BBC news after Brexit, trying to weaken the common European position.

Sigh, English media have always been very sceptical against Europe. That is nothing new.
The BBC, though in lamentable shape in many ways, is not usually considered a Fake news source. Do you have any links to English language reports that are less biased from your standpoint?
The only source for BBC quoting "hundreds injured" is what secessionists say, they don't contrast that number.

There was a change in BBC news after Brexit, trying to weaken the common European position.

Different political opinions aren't fake news. There are real people in Catalonia trying to submit ballots. In some places there are Spanish police trying to stop them.
I agree with that, I don't agree with BBC quoting "hundreds injured" without a reliable source.
BBC is fake news?
The only source for BBC quoting "hundreds injured" is what secessionists say, they don't contrast that number.

There was a change in BBC news after Brexit, trying to weaken the common European position.

This appears to be one of those cases where the government is going against its own people. I guess it is up to the people to make sure their voice is heard and to replace a government that does not serve them.
Once again I think Canada has set an example for the world with how to do this properly: permit open and peaceful votes on secession (e.g. of Quebec), treat the issue as something to be resolved politically and not with the use of force, and pass legislation to deal with the matter that:

- mandates that the secession question on the ballot be clear and unambiguous;

- requires a clear majority to be considered valid;

- mandates the involvement of all provinces and First Nations in negotiations following a vote in favour of secession;

- and stipulates that secession, if it proceeds, would require an amendment to the constitution.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarity_Act

I believe the problem is Quebec has a poor economy and figured to lose out economically and in subsequent trade deals if they became independent. Catalonia on the other hand is ~20% of Spain's economy and ~15% of the population so on the national level there is an interest in keeping Catalonia as part of Spain against the wishes of the Catalan population. Canada has leverage if Quebec wishes to secede, Spain doesn't have leverage with Catalonia.
Spain definitely would have leverage with Catalonia if it acts (acted?) in a responsible and sane manner -- Catalonia's economy would take a huge hit if it doesn't achieve international recognition or EU membership, and Spain can influence that quite a bit.
A quick googling would show you Quebec is also 20% of Canadian GDP and 15% of Canadian population.

Quebec moreover cuts off maritime provinces from the rest of Canada

At the time of the referendum Quebec was subsidizing the rest of Canada through equalization payments. More recently they've been on the receiving end but that has not been true for most of its history.
The sovereignty of Spain falls on all Spanish citizens.

If you allow a referendum on such topic in a part of Spain, it doesn't matter the result because you're accepting implicitly that a part of Spain can rule over the whole.

Why? I don't follow your idea. Could you explain?
What part you don't understand?

I'll try again.

All Spaniards have voice & vote about sovereignty, not just a bunch of Spaniards.

That is not clearer, at least to me.

>All Spaniards have voice & vote about sovereignty, not just a bunch of Spaniards.

This seems self-contradictory. Mis-typed? Or perhaps you mean it's up to all Spaniards, not just some Spaniards?

All Spaniards have the right, not only a part of Spaniards (like those living in Catalonia).
You're advocating making the people in Catalonia prisoners to the rest of Spain.
It's like saying that the Welsh should have a right to vote on the independence of Scotland.
They're saying, I think, that if you're going to have a referendum on independence, ever citizen of the existing state should vote, not just members of the proposed state. Otherwise, you could just have thousands of tiny groups of people each declaring their own independent state.

As a UK citizen, I would have preferred it if our recent referendum had been voted on by all members of the EU, rather than just British citizens.

I know you're not supposed to comment about downvotes, but seriously people? I literally asked for clarification and got -3 for it. Easy on the downvote button, people.
Yes, it's hard to follow the logic. But still a lot of people seem to think that all Spain should vote on a referendum on whether Catalonia should be independent. Go figure.
The sovereignty of Spain falls on all Spanish citizens. The sovereignty of Catalonia falls on theirs (if they wish so).
One way to look at it is that the sovereign country of Spain has a right to split itself up in two countries. Therefore all Spaniards should have a say.

Another way to look at it is that every sub-entity of any country has a right to unilaterally declare itself independent for whatever reason (often because it is wealthier).

I think neither of these views is sufficient. We have to accept that this is a tricky question that is very difficult to solve in a principled way.

How about the third way, where a region is increasingly unhappy with the central government (look at the election results in the past 20 years), and wants to have a legal option of getting out of the union if/when they start feeling opressed.

People have been talking about this for decades and nothing has been done.

How do you think people in Galicia and Basque Country are feeling now? Is this what should make them proud of being Spanish?

Also many people are tired of the monarchy.

Where do you draw the line so that not every wealthy region or city unhappy with its net tax payer status secedes from poorer parts of the country?

You say that the Catalonian people feel oppressed. By what standard is that actually the case though? As far as I know, Catalonia enjoys very far reaching autonomy within Spain.

Let me play whataboutism. Cannot we say that in this case the independence of Kosovo should be decided by all citizens of Serbia (who are against it)? And independence of ex-soviet satellite countries should be decided by all citizens of ex-USSR which means they have to return back to Mother Russia?
The problem is how you determine the entity that should have a right to such a vote.

There are many wealthy regions in many countries that may want to keep all their money for themselves in spite of the fact that their wealth is based on its historical role within the country as a whole.

For instance, London has a lot of reasons to declare itself independent from the UK. But it would seem rather odd if all it took to secede was a simple majority of people who currently have a London postcode.

As a catalan, I have to say that I don't care if we pay more taxes. What I find annoying is that PP, party that uses hate against catalans to win votes and has corruption rooted and proved since it's foundation, keeps raising election after election. The economical matter by itself is just a selfish argument that I don't share. I care for fighting corruption and for not being treated as a second class citizen because I was taught two languages in my childhood. Lies are spread constantly about how non-catalans are mistreated and nobody seems to care that there is no proof supporting that.

Please, stop saying it is a money related problem.

Catalonia has no better corruption track record than the rest of Spain. Basically what you are saying is that you don't like the majority party, and therefore want to form your own nation. That's not how democracy works. Catalonia already enjoys a strong autonomy status, stronger than any other region of Spain and arguably stronger than any other region of Europe.

I agree PP isn't optimal, but I fail to see any real alternative coming from Catalonia or the entire region that is Spain.

I believe you when you say it's not about money for you. That doesn't mean it's not for many others. However, my concern is more about the principle of the right to secede.
The referendum was ruled illegal by the courts. If we are going to allow all old tribes of Europe to become their own state, there wouldn't be much left of Europe. The nation-state and standardization is a European invention and a successful one. The case for an independent Catalonia isn't on strong grounds either.

This is no small issue, and Spain is responding accordingly. The message has to be clear: Spain isn't going to split and we aren't going to allow tribalists/nationalists to act freely.

They are using rubber bullets to disperse the crowds, that's not exactly a crime against humanity as some seem to suggest here.

Having lived in Spain for some time, I can say police there is awesome. That is, friendly and laid back. Once I was caught smoking marijuana in my apartment (the neighbors called the police because of the loud music) and they made a couple of jokes and left. Back in Norway, they'd be angry & taken me to the police station.

So Norway should have remained a part of Sweden and not allowed to gain independence?
As mentioned before, completely different circumstances. Spain is a democracy, Norway-Sweden was not, and the foundations a lot shakier.
(comment deleted)
Why are the foundations shakier?
Separate armies, laws, currency, un-democratic state, considerably shorter time period, a national id (Catalonia has never been a state before).
Catalonia have been a state. According to Wikipedia it was last a state in 1659, Norway was not a independent state between 1537 and 1905 so I don't think the time period are that dissimilar. Spain was also not Democratic until less than 50 years ago.
No, it was not. It was a default French protectorate for a brief period of time.
Both the creation of the Norwegian Constitution and Norwegian independence were illegal when they happened.
That was eons ago under completely different circumstances. Spain is a democracy, Norway-Sweden was not.
Hence the Catalan's are attempting democratic means...
Depends on where you draw the line of what is a democracy.

Sweden was certainly on the way towards it. There were elections and the parliament was pretty powerful (though less powerful than today. But that change happened in '72, and you'd be hard pressed to claim Sweden wasn't democratic before that). Votes were still weighted towards the rich, and women couldn't normally vote yet, though.

Norway came to be controlled by Denmark then Sweden by the same type of historic accident as the Catalans by Spain. Norway was lucky enough to take the chance at independence 100 years ago. Why should the Catalans not have the same opportunity to control their own future if they do wish?
Apples and oranges. Norway (a composite of smaller kingdoms) was a "nation" prior to that, Catalonia has never been a nation. Norway-Denmark were a voluntary real union, and Norway-Sweden a forced personal union.

Barcelona did conquer the areas around itself (Catalonia) and later merged through marriage with Aragon, becoming essentially the greater Crown of Aragon (Aragon+Catalonia). Then merged with Castille through marriage and whatnot.

Where are we going to draw the lines, and at what point in history do we conclude the Spanish indeed conquered Catalonia?

The formation of the modern European states are fussy, but the current nationalist narratives are built on very thin air.

Catalonia is not a tribe. It's 7.5 million people. Which is orders of magnitude more than the Vatican, for instance. It's more people than the population of Denmark, Finland, Ireland, and many other EU countries.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_statistics

The nationalist narrative is tribal though, they do consider themselves a separate ethnicity.
Who is "they" exactly? We're talking about millions of people. I'm pretty sure there's a wide spectrum of reasons and opinions.
>They are using rubber bullets to disperse the crowds, that's not exactly a crime against humanity as some seem to suggest here.

Seriously?! They're not nerf guns, the mossos were banned from using them a couple of years ago, with good reason!

I am a fellow Scandinavian who lived in Barcelona and though I am not at all sure that I think independence is a good idea, I think the catalans should be the ones to decide that and the Spanish reaction to the vote is absolutely outrageous to me. They could have declared it illegal, and the outcome invalid. This treatment of peaceful protesters is ridiculous.

It's proportional. What are they supposed to use, water balloons?

The naive support for Catalonian nationalists on this site is not surprising, though.

Words and votes - that is what we use in the UK to handle the issue of Scottish independence. It has proved much better than guns (c/f Scotland and the troubles in Northern Ireland).

The Spanish police have gone in using force to prevent a democractic process.

Afaik the Catalonian separatist movement is a lot larger than the Scottish one, fueled by the last financial crisis.

I strongly doubt the UK can claim moral superiority above Spain.

The Scottish and Catalan separatist movements were actually very similar until yesterday. Both have so far choosen the democratic route to freedom. In both nations the support for independence was under 50% but the support for a referendum to decide the issue was very high. The fact that the Spanish state used illegal force (some of the police used had no legal basis to enter Catalonia and the use of rubber bullets by police is not allowed within Catalonia) to break up a democractic vote will presumably cause the two movements to diverge now.

Btw no one is claiming moral superiority - merely experience. The UK has a long history of suppressing independence movements by force and this failing. With Scotland they finally tried another approach and it seems to work better so far..

> there wouldn't be much left of Europe

Only if you believe "Europe" = "nation states" or an EU super state.

Independence for smaller states - ie, taking back control and power from a greater/globalist state - would, if anything, make Europe (people and culture) more European again.

> They are using rubber bullets to disperse the crowds, that's not exactly a crime against humanity as some seem to suggest here.

So people are wrong to suggest the maiming and potential killing of civilians by police is a crime against humanity, but it's reasonable for you to claim the police are "awesome" based on a couple of them sharing a joke with you once, when you were high?

> Only if you believe "Europe" = "nation states" or an EU super state.

Europe, as we know it, is a set of "large" nation-states that made enormous contributions to humankind. These contributions wouldn't have been possible if Europe was a number of small fragmented states with their own languages and customs.

> maiming and potential killing of civilians by police

How do you equal shooting rubber bullets to "potential killing of civilians"? Stop exaggerating the story to fit your personal views.

> Europe, as we know it, is a set of "large" nation-states that made enormous contributions to humankind. These contributions wouldn't have been possible if Europe was a number of small fragmented states with their own languages and customs.

Even if that were true - and I don't see any evidence from you - how does it back up your claim that there wouldn't be much left of Europe if Europeans had more control over their own local affairs?

> How do you equal shooting rubber bullets to "potential killing of civilians"?

Because I know what rubber bullets are, and what they can do. Whereas you appear to have no idea.

> Even if that were true - and I don't see any evidence from you.

History is not your strong side then, I guess.

> Because I know what rubber bullets are, and what they can do. Whereas you appear to have no idea.

Rubber bullets are nonlethal and not meant to cause serious injuries or death unless of course misused at very close range. Participating in an illegal uprising isn't going to be consequence-free.

Illegal uprising ? Come on, it's not like it's about half a dozen colonels ordering troops to seize the parliament. It's ten of thousands civilians putting papers in ballots.
With very likely negative consequences. The vote is unconstitutional and intended to disturb the Spanish state. Puigdemonte is a populist playing with the people of Catalonia, as he is well-aware of the impossibility of this project, but hey it put him in charge. Remember also he is leading a minority government.

I think a lot of people here ignore the seriousness of the matter and have very naive views on separatists.

That said, the unemployed youth of Catalonia (37%) probably find the whole thing very attractive.

His comments are so flawed and extreme I decided to give him the benefit of the doubt and assume he's merely trolling.
The referendum is illegal. Let them vote, then ignore the vote. What's the point in blocking it?
The sovereignty of Spain falls on all Spanish citizens.

If you allow a referendum on such topic in a part of Spain, it doesn't matter the result because you're accepting implicitly that a part of Spain can rule over the whole.

I'm kind of confused by this statement: so you are saying that Catalonia taking a referendum on what they themselves want to do, is imposing on all Spanish people, but Madrid commanding the repression is not imposing?

I don't want to start a flamewar, but that looks like a bias you might want to reflect on.

My statement is in the Spanish Constitution, I don't know why you're confused.
That doesn't seem to address the point made in the comment you are responding too - if the referendum is illegal, then why not just make the point that it is illegal clear, and ignore the result, rather than attempting to shut it down violently?
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Clearly, identities (Catalan, Spanish, religious, atheist, ...) are very much layered, personal, and they fluctuate with time. How to reinvent the nation state (whether the Catalan, the Spanish or any other one) to take that into account seems to be a largely unanswered question.

Any good reading recommendations on that? Surely, there must be creative solutions! Maybe information technology can even help technically underpin progress in this area?

P.S. Good luck to all the Spanish and Catalan people that treat their neighbours with respect. I hope for a peaceful solution.

The pro-Spain arguments here in this post are really poor. The only two good arguments that on their face are worth looking at are: Catalan's pop is evenly split on the issue and local officials are pushing it to gain power.

Spain was baited-they took it, and now Catalan's secession movement has international sympathy.

For abit of context of how something this is handled here in America. In 2015 the US Supreme Court temporary blocked a Native Hawaiian non-profit from counting votes in what lower courts called a private election (that the Supreme Court said used public funds granted to that non-profit). The issue plaintiffs were suing the non-profit over was it was excluded only to what they considered 'Native Hawaiians'. They wanted to establish a Constitution for Native Hawaiians for self governance.

https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/u-s-supreme-court-block...

http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2016/08/29/15...

The organization later dissolved from what I read in the Supreme Court's opinion on sanctions. I had trouble finding more info on it. From what I can tell the courts barely cared except for the issue of using public money for a racially exclusive election. This story reminded me of it so I thought it would add to the debate.

A more similar situation would have been the Hawaiian government organising a binding vote to secede from the US in 48 hours (while maintaining the US citizenship!).

I guess the SCOTUS involvement would have been more intense in that case.

Technically the state was involved. They were sued along with the non-profit in violation of the US Constitution and the Voting Rights Act. You can see this info with the SCOTUS brief I linked.
It was involved in a tangential way, doesn't seem comparable.
How does voting (on anything) not qualify as speech?
So by all means explain to me how I'm being overly simplistic (because I feel that I am), but while our brains like to ponder the complexities of this situation, can't we at least conclude that it's a bad thing that physical, state-backed violence is used to prevent people from doing something that isn't in any way physically violent (and in fact a rather admired 'action') in itself?

I mean, hell, it's quite possible that even if an overwhelming majority of Catalonians vote for secession (which I hear is not even likely to be the case?), reality will get in the way. At the very least even the worst-case scenario, in my opinion, does not justify physical interference in a non-violent process.

But again, honestly please correct me if I'm missing something blindingly obvious.