Ask HN: Why doesn't Microsoft build its own Android “fork”?

46 points by eibrahim ↗ HN
Why doesn't Microsoft just build a custom version of Android? They get instant access to the vast android apps and they can integrate it deeper with the Windows ecosystem and also innovate in their own "fork" of android.

They could eventually surpass other versions of Android and become the goto android implementation.

I never understood why they didn't go that route - after all Android is open source. What am I missing?

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> What am I missing?

You answered your own question here:

> after all Android is open source.

That didn’t stop Amazon though it’s arguable that they have more to offer a consumer from a walled garden approach (Prime Video, Music, Kindle books...).
They tried by investing heavily in Cyanogen mod but that didn't go anywhere.
Well their investment basically killed Cyanogen inc and Cyanogen mod.

Good that it's open source, so they forked it, and is now known as LineageOS.

The issue is that while Android itself is "technically" open source, it's a walled garden platform. Microsoft's own apps won't work without proprietary Google software. (Both Skype and Outlook won't launch without Google Location Services enabled, I haven't tried the launcher or the new Edge.)

They can't include Google's proprietary software in their fork, since part of the agreement for distributing that software includes a clause where you agree not to fork Android.

Even if Microsoft created their own location service for Android, changed their own apps, and made their own app store, they'd have to convince other app developers to support it, since Google has spent the last few years convincing everyone to build their apps on proprietary libraries and services. Essentially, they end up in the same boat as Windows Phone: Having a platform without apps, and not a strong incentive for developers to modify their apps to support it.

Google Play Store isn't open, control of that is key.

It doesn't matter if the platform it's running on is "Microsoft Android" or something else - Google still controls the store

Yes, but apps don't HAVE to use the Play store.

Amazon, for example, has all its apps in a separate store because it doesn't like to play Google's games (the Amazon shopping app is not in the Play store because they don't want Google getting a slice of their profits).

A similar strategy could theoretically work for MS.

Bringing up your own play Store is devilishly hard due to first mover advantage. Every other App Store pales in comparison to Apple’s App Store and Google’s Play Store.
Amazon does have its own store because it wants the app profits for themselves, however they do have shopping, kindle, prime and so on apps in the Play Store[1].

I suppose that Play Store has the same rules as the Apple App store. That is, you can have your own checkout and payment system as long as you sell things that are not for content that you consume in the application. This is why Uber and Amazon and other shopping apps do not have to share the profits, but for example Audible does not sell books through their iOS app and microsoft actually pays 30% to apple (now probably 15) for any Office subscription people get when getting it from the app.

[1]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amazon.mSh...

You can't buy books via Kindle app on iPhone. You have to manually open Safari, go to amazon site and buy a book there. I believe it's exactly because Amazon does not want to give Apple the cut of the book profit.
It's because Apple won't let you do in app purchases that don't use their payments system, and if you use their payments system, they take a 30% cut. But we are talking about Google / Android, not Apple / iOS here.
Yes, because kindle books are considered content for the application. Its the same for Audible. But the original point was that there is no Amazon Store app on the Play store (which there is) and the other applications are there but crippled.

It is perfectly reasonable for Amazon to not want to give a 30% cut on books to Apple. I wish there would be some exception for this kind of content in the stores.

And as a user of several generations of Fires, Amazon's App Store has always been noticeably inadequate.
They'd fuck that up too.
Alternatively why not build a transpiler for android apps? Java -> C# would be quite doable, and then just style the APIs and UI layouts similiar but too similar to end up in court. Then what dev wouldn't have a go if the process could be 90% automated? Instead they stayed in their own bubble of custom tech that didn't bring anything particularly revolutionary to the table, and failed to attract attention as a result.
Microsoft was on the other side of such a scheme when OS/2 got the ability to run Windows apps. That's when you stopped getting native OS/2 apps, because why write one when the Windows one works on both?
Android apps aren't strictly java, and they don't depend on open frameworks. Rather, they are built in a combination of languages and depend largely on googles proprietary frameworks.
Sure but the other languages such as C++ could be directly supported. The APIS could be copied and renamed. Not hard to duplicate the functionality without seeing the internals, just time consuming.
I've read (rumor alert) that this is kind of what they originally had in mind with the WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux).

This would allow windows phones to run android apps from within Windows (though several obstacles remains, since the play store and other google services are proprietary)

Rumored this worked so well that Microsoft canned it in favor of UWP, because if windows could run android apps there would basically not be any need for UWP. As a result Microsoft changed focus and gave us WSL on the desktop instead.

The above could very well / likely be made up but I like that explanation.

There are arguments that Android compatibility killed Blackberry, and those were brought up at the time.

There is also the thing that Android apps without Google Play Services often feel like zombies of themselves. The easiest way to see that is comparing Amazon's FireOS to Android: which apps aren't even available, which ones are, but fail in strange ways, etc.

And why didn't RIM!? I'd love to have a phone with a hard keyboard like the old crackberry. That device was awesome.
They run full Android with RIM security extensions. See the DTEK line. They’ve outsourced device manufacturing to TCL but are still in the mobile business.
If I recall correctly, Microsoft did intend on having Windows Phone 10 run Android applications (they leaked it early even) but then pulled it back last minute.
Because the OS doesn’t matter nearly as much as the apps running on that OS, and Google only allows licensed OEMs to preload Google apps onto their devices (for a fee). Also, how strange would it be for Microsoft to pay Google billions of dollars for them to use their App Store? That would not only be them conceding that they couldn’t win on mobile, but that would also reduce them to yet another Android Phone manufacturer that has to spend tens of millions of dollars on low margin devices that won’t sell.

Also, Windows Phone was an amazing OS in its own right but failed largely because they couldn’t solve apps. It is impossibly hard to compete against Apple or Samsung in this space, especially when the OEMs didn’t want to play ball.

(Samsung, HTC and LG made a few Windows phones that they didn’t invest a lot of time on. They were most likely an expensive relationship maintenance activity to retain a partnership with MS. I believe this happened because MS imposed really strict guidelines for their OS experience right out the gate that didn’t really benefit anyone but Microsoft (OEMs make money on preinstalled apps, for example; that wasn’t allowed.) It was much easier for them to just pump more money on making great Android devices than trying to make Windows Phone great again)

I think I agree with you anyway, but if Amazon was MS and FireOS was the only platform with Office, especially Outlook, it would tilt the balance a bit.
People would just stop using Office then. Google has seriously eroded Microsoft’s dominance here — I’ve worked at a few major companies who have switched and Google is a far more cloud-native solution. It’s honestly more intuitive to the workers that we’re hiring.

Microsoft’s Office leverage is gone. If they try to use it as a hammer in defense of their platform, their market share will drop. Their only option now is to try to increase the platform buy-in again.

How powerful and easy to pick up is Google App Script compared to VBA?

Given your experience, do you see GAS overtaking VBA, and if so, in which fields? (Finance?) What industries were the companies you helped switch over working in?

I ask because I'm while I'm roughly intermediate with VBA, I'm not sure if I should continue pursuing VBA or invest in something that might be more valuable in the future.

> How powerful and easy to pick up is Google App Script compared to VBA?

Isn't it just JavaScript + a library?

GAS is super easy to get (it’s JavaScript), but until you can execute scripts client-side, it won’t ever really take off.

It also has the same problem that VBA has in that the code resides local to the object consuming it (spreadsheet, doc, etc), so you can’t version control it like you would for a normal application).

VBA even has the advantage of being able to load .NET libraries, which is huge given that you can let the .NET VM do the heavy lifting and use VBA to lay results out onto your sheet or Word doc.

It already has. I have multiple Fortune 500 clients who hired some offshore teams to rebuild their core VBA/Excel workbooks in GAS. Google provides ample support when you pay this much.

In the early days Sheets wasn’t as good; but I would say it is better than Excel if you’re willing to spend a few million to port your complex macros.

Slides still blows though.

Edit: Industry largely is irrelevant; most big companies have custom software running their main production line (be that software, telecom or manufacturing). MS Office / Google Apps have a sweet spot in back-office functions. Google Apps allows a lot more automation (and most of the kids coming out of school know basic programming these days). No; it’s not as good as custom version-controlled software, but it’s a hell of a lot better than e-mailing .xlsx files back and forth. You can more or less treat a Google sheet as a lambda function, which is pretty neat.

Definitely not true. While many companies have active G Suite subscriptions, they still pay for Office 365 because Word, Excel and Access (yes, Access) don’t have any real competition.

Word and Excel are gargantuan pieces of software. VBA aside (which is used very very heavily, and Google’s Scripting Framework doesn’t compare given that everything is executed on their servers), there are some really niche features deep inside of Word that people at big companies use daily.

Also, Sheets is slow as hell compared to Excel, even on small time spreadsheets. Not going to work on the trading floor.

Then there is the whole “kind of sort of works offline” bit that really diminishes the value of using Google Docs. Docs basically doesn’t work on low bandwidth connections, which is a daily reality for a lot of business people that travel. That’s the main reason why I prefer Office; it is a lot easier to work on talks and blog posts offline with it.

In the corporate world, this is seen as a feature. I’m not kidding you — the fact that documents can’t be viewed offline easily is touted as a feature since if a laptop is stolen, the valuable data won’t be there (supposedly).
Office and productivity software is far from a killer mobile app. Mobile devices are mainly used for real-time communication or consuming content, much less at creating significant amount of content, where MSOffice shines on the desktop.
Would they? If your work uses Office 365, and you're currently on Android but you hear that Microsoft is coming out with a forked Android platform that while devoid of Google apps does have Outlook, and the rest of the suite... would you really not be even slightly tempted?
Excel is probably the most used piece of business software in the world. Most companies are run on it.
Well, they could pull it off to make alternatives to Gmail, Google Maps, Google Play Services, and all the other things. Then they could position themselves as an alternative to the Google Android Platform Agreement or whatever it was called.
> That would not only be them conceding that they couldn’t win on mobile, but that would also reduce them to yet another Android Phone manufacturer that has to spend tens of millions of dollars on low margin devices that won’t sell.

There is a third way, assuming the Android license allows for it:

Microsoft concedes they can't replace the OS layer

Microsoft forks Android

Microsoft focuses on the next battle that could be won: making Cortana/whatever the default digital assistant in their build.

For fun, let's then assume Google tries to block this.

Microsoft sues Google for "bundling" and uses their own case where they were forced to unbundle the web browser as precedent.

(I say this as someone who likes his iPhone but hates Siri.)

Unlike Windows in the 90s, Android isn't a monopoly. (iOS has a decent marketshare.) So Google is free to be as anti-competitive as they want to be.
Not entirely true.

Android market share is !85% (worldwide, it is less in the US). When Microsoft was going through the monopoly cases their market share was ~90-93%. Not actually that far off the same metric.

The thing is that Google is being very careful to not commit the same mistakes there. Though I'd say they're pretty close (and the EU seems to agree, generally, warning them a few times over similar behaviors)

iOS marketshare is a funny thing - it makes ~$30 billion a year in revenue - 3 times that of the Android marketplace - but has less than 1/5th of the users.

They're free, like Amazon, to fork Android & make Cortana the default assistant. What's this got to do with bundling an Google?

MS never gave access, hence never allowed forks of Windows to happen.

How much more can Google do than give away the entire OS for free? They have ZERO commitments by monopoly law to usurp their default apps in their distribution of Android

They're free, like Amazon, to fork Android & make Cortana the default assistant. What's this got to do with bundling an Google?

They don't have to do that. They can make deals with OEMs to make Cortana the default.

Is Android inextricably coupled with the Google App store? For thought experiment's sake: could Microsoft fork Android and then host their own app store that supports the same apps that a dev would submit to Google's App store, thus making it possible for devs to get their android apps listed in both stores merely by submitting the app twice?

(Serious question. I know nothing about app stores and/or mobile operating systems)

I think this is roughly how Amazon's FireOS fork works.
Yes it's possible. It's exactly what Amazon is (was?) trying to pull off.
Yes, but google holds the APIs for their services hostage. So a lot of apps won't work because they need play services, and you don't get play services unless you play ball with google.
It's not just the app store. It's Google Play Services. Google provides some services that Android developers rely on (like notifications). There is a non-zero amount of work to decouple apps from Google Play Services and use the equivalent Amazon services.
Not really. While MS could create their own store and distribute their own distribution of Android based on the Open Source builds, they won’t get access to Play Services which is a big part of the Android experience. MS tried to rectify this by partnering with Cyanogen who had deep experience in customizing Android. That fell through, however. There is also a project that is trying to reverse engineer Play Services itself into an Open Source model, but it isn’t as good and updates take longer.
MS is experimenting with deals to have apps pre-installed on Android phones. e.g. An HTC/Lenovo phone with MS Launcher, Edge, OneDrive, Office, Cortana, Bing will be enough of a Microsoft phone. They don't need to go and fork the OS.
Microsoft would have to provide a compelling reason to use their own app store and other services that would replace the Google ones.

That's not to say it's impossible. Microsoft has been doing a lot of mobile development lately, and if you were trying to build a case for losing the Google Play store Office, Skype, and other business apps are a good place to start.

The pessimistic part of me thinks that BYOD is so prevalent these day that a pure "business phone" locked into the Microsoft ecosystem just wouldn't work. Maybe five years ago it would have appealed to enterprises wanting to roll out a fleet of employee devices but now a phone needs to be as appealing to the consumer as the business.

They did and canned it. It was called Astoria and from what I heard it worked really well. The media said the opposite but "Too well" was what one MS guy said to me. They had a ton of people working on the project.
I also heard "too well", as in, developers just wanted to use their android apps instead of making windows apps.

It wasn't totally canned though, it became the Windows Subsystem for Linux.

If that is, indeed, the case, then Microsoft makes a bad image of itself by not giving this to their existing users, who desire that a lot.
Jokes on them then. I'd 100% be on WP and not on Android if that was the case.
They don't get instant access, though.

As a developer I already have to support both Google's flavor of Android and Amazon's flavor of Android, with their own separate implementations of IAP, push notifications, etc.

I'd have to support MSFT's implementations too and you'd have to convince me (and the people who pay me) that it's worth bothering to do.

Are the days of Microsoft attacking all comers over? Or even trying to carve out their own niche in mobile? They seem much more interested in playing nice with the new platforms -- free Office on Android & iOS, for example, and good integration between phones and Windows on the desktop.

Of course, they've also sold Office on Mac forever.

MS already makes royalty on every significant Android device made
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