Ask HN Emacs Users: What's in your .emacs file?

131 points by grizzydot ↗ HN
Are there any key bindings or modes that have been especially useful for you? If so, what are they?

Cheers.

66 comments

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My .emacs, which is commented, is located at http://github.com/zck/emacs/blob/master/.emacs . I need to update it and move it over to bitbucket, though.

Specifically, my favorite things are show-paren-mode, ido-mode, and rebinding C-, and C-. to move back and forward between windows.

I went .emacs bankrupt this summer.

gist.el, powershell-mode, yaml-mode, org-mode are a few I've taken out for brevity.

Otherwise, a few of these are emacs23 specific:

  ;; syntax highlighting
  (global-font-lock-mode 1)
  
  ;; add .emacs.d to load path
  (setq load-path (cons "~/.emacs.d" load-path))
  
  ;; nethack
  (add-hook 'nethack-mode-hook (lambda () (linum-mode 'nil)))
  (setq load-path (cons "~/.emacs.d/nethack" load-path))
  (autoload 'nethack "nethack" "Play Nethack." t)
  (setq nethack-program "/opt/local/bin/nethack")
  
  ;; 4 spaces in objective-c
  (add-hook 'objc-mode-hook
            (lambda ()
              (setq tab-width nil)
              (setq c-basic-offset 4)))
  
  ;; straight to *scratch* buffer please
  (setq inhibit-splash-screen t)
  
  ;; use old navigation for line movement
  (setq line-move-visual nil)

  ;; linum mode
  (require 'linum)
  (global-linum-mode 1)
  (add-hook 'linum-before-numbering-hook
  	  (lambda () (setq linum-format "%d ")))
for anyone who uses erc on emacs 23 and gets the weird "selecting deleted buffer" error, adding

  (setq Buffer-menu-use-frame-buffer-list nil)
makes it work.
making org-mode the standard mode for a new buffer/file. a custom word-count util, another one for switching frame-dimensions. color-themes, session management, a few custom key-bindings.
I use emacs mostly for LaTeX editing, so most of my .emacs sets up macros to make it easy to insert greek letters with a keystroke. (For some reason, I really hate using LaTeX macros to write shortcuts for these.)
You don't like LaTeX-math-mode (bound to C-c ~)?
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Funny, about an hour ago I finally broke down and remapped Ctrl+w to backward-kill-word[1] after re-reading Yegge's Effective Emacs, and you've just reminded me to push the commit to my fork of emacs-starter-kit, which is a great way to get a core set of functionality. Works best if you're tyrannical about keeping it up to date, which I mostly am.

http://github.com/daemianmack/emacs-starter-kit/

Favorite two most recent additions: pyflakes/pylint for Python, and rainbow-mode for CSS.

[1] Having backward-kill-word a two-finger-stroke, instead of the two-handed alt+Backspace, is great! On the other hand, it turns out I kill-region a lot more than I thought I did, so that's a little weird.

I too made the switch after reading Yegge's good stuff, but missed kill-region so badly I had to come up with this:

    (defun backward-kill-word-or-kill-region (&optional arg)
      (interactive "p")
      (if (region-active-p)
    	  (kill-region (region-beginning) (region-end))
    	(backward-kill-word arg)))

    (global-set-key (kbd "C-w") 'backward-kill-word-or-kill-region)
This gets me kill-region for an active (transient-mark-mode) region but backward-kill-word otherwise.
(comment deleted)
(comment deleted)

  ;; don't sleep emacs accidentally
  (global-set-key [(control z)] nil)
  
  ;; shortcut buffer navigation
  (global-set-key [f5] 'previous-buffer)
  (global-set-key [f8] 'next-buffer)
  
  ;; show columns by default
  (column-number-mode)
  
  ;; stop the blinking
  (blink-cursor-mode nil)
and reams of macros
I try to keep it simple. I set my color theme, switch the font to Consolas, register some major modes (CMake, SLIME, haskell, org, etc), enable some of the disabled-by-default commands, and have some useful key bindings:

    ; I type this by mistake 80% of the time
    (global-unset-key (kbd "C-x C-c"))

    ; One of my favorite commands
    (global-set-key "\C-x\C-j" 'join-line)

    ; I haven't seen a keyboard with "copy" and "paste" buttons since 2008
    ; Honestly, Emacs' defaults, WTF
    (global-set-key (kbd "<f2>") 'clipboard-kill-ring-save)
    (global-set-key (kbd "<f3>") 'clipboard-yank)
Here's some stuff I find useful when editing Python:

    (setq-default show-trailing-whitespace t)
    (setq longlines-show-hard-newlines t) ; displays "\" at the end of lines that wrap past the window's edge

    ; camel case word navigation
    (when (boundp 'subword-mode)
      (add-hook 'after-change-major-mode-hook '(lambda () (subword-mode 1))))

    ; Bindings
    (defun delete-backward-indent (&optional arg)
      "Erase a level of indentation, or 1 character"
      (interactive "*P")
      (if (= (current-column) 0)
          (delete-backward-char 1)
        (let ((n (mod (current-column) standard-indent)))
          (if (looking-back (concat "^\s*" (make-string n 32)))
              (if (= n 0)
                  (delete-backward-char standard-indent)
                (delete-backward-char n))
            (delete-backward-char 1)))))

    (defun newline-maybe-indent ()
      "Like newline-and-indent, but doesn't indent if the previous line is blank"
      (interactive "*")
      (if (= (line-beginning-position) (line-end-position))
          (newline)
        (newline-and-indent)))

    (add-hook 'python-mode-hook
              '(lambda ()
                 (hs-minor-mode 1) ; code folding
                 (define-key python-mode-map (kbd "RET") 'newline-maybe-indent)
                 (define-key python-mode-map (kbd "DEL") 'delete-backward-indent)
                 (define-key python-mode-map (kbd "M-RET") 'hs-toggle-hiding)))

    ; On-the-fly spell checking
    (add-hook 'python-mode-hook '(lambda () (flyspell-prog-mode)))

    ; On-the-fly pyflakes checking
    (require 'flymake-point) ; shows errors in the minibuffer when highlighted (http://bitbucket.org/[redacted]/dotfiles/src/tip/.emacs.d/plugins/flymake-point.el)
    (setq python-check-command "pyflakes")
    (when (load "flymake" t)
      (defun flymake-pyflakes-init ()
        (let* ((temp-file (flymake-init-create-temp-buffer-copy
                           'flymake-create-temp-inplace))
               (local-file (file-relative-name
                            temp-file
                            (file-name-directory buffer-file-name))))
          (list "pyflakes" (list local-file))))
      (add-to-list 'flymake-allowed-file-name-masks
                   '("\\.py\\'" flymake-pyflakes-init)))
    (add-hook 'python-mode-hook '(lambda () (flymake-mode 1)))

I have a feeling there's probably a better way to do that delete-backward-indent thing. Maybe I should just switch to hungry delete mode.

My entire .emacs is here: http://bitbucket.org/[redacted]/dotfiles/src/tip/.emacs

Oh boy, nethack_el does not play well with `longlines-show-hard-newlines`.
These are pretty minor, but I use them constantly, and they're pretty self-contained.

    (global-set-key (kbd "C-=") 'switch-to-previous-buffer)
    (defun switch-to-previous-buffer ()
      (interactive)
      (switch-to-buffer (other-buffer)))

    (global-set-key (kbd "C-z") 'shell)

    (defun my-shell-mode-hook ()
      (local-set-key (kbd "C-z") 'bury-buffer))
    (add-hook 'shell-mode-hook 'my-shell-mode-hook)
I use color-theme.el to manage, well, colour themes and use the twilight theme: http://github.com/crafterm/twilight-emacs/blob/master/color-...

To mimic some of TextMate's functionality, I use:

1. autopair.el: http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/AutoPairs.

2. yasnippet.el: http://code.google.com/p/yasnippet/

The latest version of Emacs for the MacOSX has an awesome fullscreen capability. I followed the instructions here: http://www.sanityinc.com/full-screen-support-for-cocoa-emacs...

iswitchb-mode has awesome minibuffer completion capabilities. http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/IswitchBuffers

* Smex. This adds IDO completion to M-x. Can't live without it. http://github.com/nonsequitur/smex/

* Undo-tree. (http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/UndoTree) Makes emacs undo useful.

This has been one of the most useful functions I've added to my .emacs:

   (defun xsteve-ido-choose-from-recentf ()
     "Use ido to select a recently opened file from the `recentf-list'"
     (interactive)
     (let ((home (expand-file-name (getenv "HOME"))))
       (find-file
        (ido-completing-read "Recentf open: "
                             (mapcar (lambda (path)
                                       (replace-regexp-in-string home "~" path))
                                     recentf-list)
                             nil t))))

   (global-set-key [(meta f11)] 'xsteve-ido-choose-from-recentf)
From: http://www.xsteve.at/prg/emacs/power-user-tips.html, which has a bunch of good tips/key bindings
several syntax highlighting stuff apart from standard ones, of course.

This is super useful to me:

    (global-set-key [f6] 'linum-mode)
    (global-set-key [f7] 'next-buffer)
    (global-set-key [f8] 'previous-buffer)
I also have yasnippet, but I don't really use it at all (I should). Also, recentf http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/recentf-buffer.el for a recently opened stuff (like dired, but for recent stuff).

And most importantly, I setup my font to monaco, tango color scheme and I prefer full screen emacs, so i have a bit of an involved process where I have basically this:

    (global-set-key [f11] 'ds-darkroom)
    (global-set-key [f12] 'menu-bar-mode)
where F11 puts me in and out of full screen mode and f12 toggles menu bar. F11 uses a small utility written in C# for windows to make this happen.

clean darkroom - http://i.imgur.com/LloOY.png

with menu - http://i.imgur.com/yTeUz.png

I'm trying for years to force myself not to move my right hand to arrows and instead use C-p C-n and C-b C-f, but I can't (well sometimes I do, but not all the time).

And various tweaks here and there, I might have forgotten something though.

  ;; move along, nothing to see here :P
  ;; the beef is in ~/.vimrc and under ~/.vim/ ;)
My .emacs is on GitHub: http://github.com/avar/dotemacs/blob/master/.emacs along with the elisp library I use http://github.com/avar/elisp

Some noteworthy things:

It's a ~1200 line file (and expanding) this is how I navigate it:

    (defun show-dot-emacs-structure ()
      "Show the outline-mode structure of ~/.emacs"
      (interactive)
      (occur "^;;;;+"))
Which shows the outline of the file, e.g.:

    74 matches for "^;;;;+" in buffer: .emacs
     57:;;;; Debugging
     67:;;;; Load paths
    112:;;;; Emacs' interface
    229:;;;; User info
    236:;;;; Encoding
    253:;;;; Indenting
    273:;;;;; Per-project indentation settings
    275:;;;;;; Git
A quiet startup:

    ;; Don't display the 'Welcome to GNU Emacs' buffer on startup
    (setq inhibit-startup-message t)
    
    ;; Display this instead of "For information about GNU Emacs and the
    ;; GNU system, type C-h C-a.". This has been made intentionally hard
    ;; to customize in GNU Emacs so I have to resort to hackery.
    (defun display-startup-echo-area-message ()
      "If it wasn't for this you'd be GNU/Spammed by now"
      (message ""))
    
    ;; Don't insert instructions in the *scratch* buffer
    (setq initial-scratch-message nil)
Core UI settings:

    ;; Display the line and column number in the modeline
    (setq line-number-mode t)
    (setq column-number-mode t)
    (line-number-mode t)
    (column-number-mode t)
    
    ;; syntax highlight everywhere
    (global-font-lock-mode t)
    
    ;; Show matching parens (mixed style)
    (show-paren-mode t)
    (setq show-paren-delay 0.0)
    
    ;; 'mixed highligts the whole sexp making it unreadable, maybe tweak
    ;; color display?
    (setq show-paren-style 'parenthesis)
    
    ;; Highlight selection
    (transient-mark-mode t)
    
    ;; make all "yes or no" prompts show "y or n" instead
    (fset 'yes-or-no-p 'y-or-n-p)
Changing the switching is worth it, but I really need to find something that allows me to <TAB> between different possibilities once completion is exhausted, e.g. if I say "foo.c" and have both "foo.c" and "foo.c.txt":

    ;; Switching
    (iswitchb-mode 1)
    (icomplete-mode 1)
I wish I could also turn off the annoying #-files, but they're hardcoded in Emacs's C code:

    ;; I use version control, don't annoy me with backup files everywhere
    (setq make-backup-files nil)
    (setq auto-save-default nil)
Better file selection:

    ;;; Electric minibuffer!
    ;;; When selecting a file to visit, // will mean / and
    ;;; ~ will mean $HOME regardless of preceding text.
    (setq file-name-shadow-tty-properties '(invisible t))
    (file-name-shadow-mode 1)
I didn't write this, but it's very useful. It emulates vim's sofftab feature. So indenting with spaces doesn't suck anymore.

    (defun backward-delete-whitespace-to-column ()
      "delete back to the previous column of whitespace, or just one
    char if that's not possible. This emulates vim's softtabs
    feature."
      (interactive)
      (if indent-tabs-mode
          (call-interactively 'backward-delete-char-untabify)
        ;; let's get to work
        (let ((movement (% (current-column) tab-width))
              (p (point)))
          ;; brain freeze, should be easier to calculate goal
          (when (= movement 0) (setq movement tab-width))
          (if (save-excursion
                (backward-char movement)
                (string-match "^\\s-+$" (buffer-substring-no-properties (point) p)))
              (delete-region (- p movement) p)
            (call-interactively 'backward-delete-char-untabify)))))
    
    (global-set-key (kbd "<DEL>") 'backward-delete-whitespace-to-column)
I really wish I could find something for Emacs...
With iswitchb, once completion is exhausted try using cursor left and right to switch between the remaining alternatives.
This must be a custom setting of yours; C-s and C-r are the default. (And easier to type.)
"I really wish I could find something for Emacs which automatically detects the style of the code I'm editing and switches the coding style to that."

Shameless plug for my dtrt-indent - it doesn't switch coding style but it does adapt transparently to foreign indentation offsets.

http://git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=dtrt-indent.git;a=blob...

> I really wish I could find something for Emacs which automatically detects the style of the code I'm editing and switches the coding style to that.

If it makes you feel any better, back when I was managing a team in Visual Studio, we called this the "When in Rome" feature. And yes, the versions of this we tried to put together worked as you'd expect... mostly. Determining peoples' whitespace decisions are not trivial. How many lines does the THEN clause of an IF need to have before you surround it with curlies? Do you only put a space before the parens around a function's arguments if there is more than one argument? And my personal favorite, how do you "funge" your indentation style if the nesting level gets high enough that you're at frequent risk of line wrap (soft or hard doesn't matter here)?

People have wacky rules, and as soon as you say you're going to auto-detect them, you're in for a world of pain. Of course, you might have a user base that isn't as persnickety, in which case it's really not that bad.

> How many lines does the THEN clause of an IF need to have before you surround it with curlies?

If I'm your manager, 0.

Between and during Emacs sessions, being able to view a list of my recently opened files via C-x C-r and then select and re-open them as needed.

    ;; recent files
    (require 'recentf)
    (recentf-mode 1)
    (setq recentf-max-menu-items 25)
    (global-set-key "\C-x\ \C-r" 'recentf-open-files)
http://www.joegrossberg.com/archives/000182.html
I have my own preferred color scheme, won't bore you. At bottom, it's GhostWhite on black.

I don't like tabs!

  ;; destroy all tabs
  (setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil)
  (defun untab-writable-non-makefiles-and-csv ()
   (if (and
        (not buffer-read-only)
        (not (loop for re in '("[Mm]akefile" "\\.mk" "\\.csv" "\\.txt")
                   if (string-match re buffer-file-name)
                   do (return t)
                   finally (return nil))))
       (untabify (point-min) (point-max))))
  (add-hook 'find-file-hook 'untab-writable-non-makefiles-and-csv)
Emacsclient is a real must.

  ;; use this to start server for emacsclient
  (if (not (boundp 'server-process))
     (server-start))
All my shells run inside of Emacs. So they're named, I get completions, and so on. That includes remote shells, using tramp and ssh-mode.

  ;; tramp mode...
  (setq load-path (cons "~/emacs/tramp" load-path))
  (require 'tramp)
  (setq tramp-default-method "ssh")

  ;; remote shell! Hooray!
  (require 'ssh)
  (add-hook 'ssh-mode-hook 'ssh-directory-tracking-mode)
Here's what I use for session.

  ;; back to emacswiki.org/emacs/DeskTop
  (setq *foo-desktop-dir* (expand-file-name "~/emacs/desktop"))
  (setq desktop-dir *foo-desktop-dir*)
  (setq desktop-path (list *foo-desktop-dir*))
  (desktop-save-mode 1) ;; Switch on desktop.el
  (setq *foo-desktop-file* (concatenate 'string desktop-dir
                                       "/" desktop-base-file-name))
  (setq *foo-desktop-lock* (concatenate 'string desktop-dir
                                       "/" desktop-base-lock-name))
  (defun desktop-in-use-p ()
   (and (file-exists-p *foo-desktop-file*) (file-exists-p *foo-desktop-lock*)))
  (defun autosave-desktop ()
   (if (desktop-in-use-p) (desktop-save-in-desktop-dir)))
  (add-hook 'auto-save-hook 'autosave-desktop)
(setq make-backup-files nil)

(setq slime-lisp-implementations '((ccl ("/usr/local/ccl/dx86cl64")) (sbcl ("/usr/local/bin/sbcl")))) (add-to-list 'load-path "/usr/local/slime/") (require 'slime) (slime-setup '(slime-repl slime-banner))