Ask HN: Cheap places to live with a good intellectual atmosphere?

911 points by throwawaygoaway ↗ HN
I'm a software engineer in the bay area and have been thinking about moving somewhere cheaper (in USA or aboard) where I can live cheaply and focus on my own intellectual pursuits. I'd love to be in a place where the living costs are low and where there exists a thriving intellectual community (I've noticed cities near top academic institutions tend to create that sort of atmosphere but not necessarily). I'd prefer a place where English speakers are common enough such that I won't feel isolated by a language barrier. I haven't traveled too often and would love to hear from HN community about any places that match this general description. Thank you in advance!

1,109 comments

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It depends what you mean by cheap but you can live in Somerville next to Cambridge MA for a fraction of SF rent and be in perhaps the best intellectual environment in the world.

https://boston.craigslist.org/search/aap?bedrooms=1&maxAsk=1...

Looks like it’s pretty easy to find a sub-$1000/mo bedroom

Sub 1k/mo bedroom...! Times do change, and fast. I lived there for seven years. I travel very extensively throughout the world for (research) work and Somerville offers by far the best social environment for hacker and intellectual types that I've ever found. I would be happy to return.

If the OP is into anarchism, art, and culture I would recommend Napoli. An apartment in the best location imaginable would never be more than €700. Airport is a few minutes from the city center. The food, from restaurant to Farmers markets, is unbelievably good and costs little. The intellectual life, well...

The OP asked for a place where he/she can speak English as well, and unfortunately this is not really the case.
Actually, you can get by pretty well in Napoli on english. Initially it was a struggle for me (native english speaker) to avoid using it all the time and learn the local languages.

It's true that it's not Berlin, but on the other hand it's not any harder to get around in english in southern italy than in portugal (the suggestion in the current top post in this thread).

Agreed! I live here now and there are tons of high tech jobs, lots of great restaurants and bars, fun festivals, and it is moderately affordable, though I do have several roommates which seems to be the favor that offsets the cost.
If you really consider moving abroad, then Berlin might be a good option. It has a decent American expat community, it's relatively “cheap” and culturally rich.
I was talking to someone about tech culture in Germany earlier. How easy is it to get a tech job out there?
When I looked into it there were a couple of issues:

Visas they will be different for wach person but for most people but if you're not under 30 and not from a western country it is a hassle

Jobs : a lot of jobs require German and the ones that don't you'd face more fierce competition which drives down the wages considerably.

Wages: on average is lower by 20-30 percent than Toronto, 50-60 percent than sf again taking these numbers out of my ass but you get the gist. Higher end more senior jobs pay even less.

Benefits and holidays: significantly better than NA you get like 30 holidays in Bavaria last time I checked

Overall if you don't have a big friend group/ family it's worth the move in my opinion the lifestyle is much more sustainable.

Since you mentioned Toronto, how easy is to get a job in Toronto if you don't have a work Visa or PR, is not from North America and have like 1 year of work experience?
Not local, but I try and keep up from time to time, and I have seen a lot of hand-wringing on the Internet about how low Berlin tech wages are.
Depends where you're comparing them to in the US but in general most European tech wages are lower than the US. If comparing to SF perhaps even shockingly lower.

It can be hard to swallow at first, but when you account for lower rent, much cheaper health insurance, and far more vacation days (~20-24 by law - and no one actually expects you to be available) along with safer cities with generally higher quality of life, in my opinion it ends up being a very, very good trade off.

I moved to Amsterdam some years back (and have worked for a Berlin based company) and don't know if I could ever move back to the states.

+1 for Amsterdam (the Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). Rent is getting more expensive, but quality of life is very good, healthcare is 60€/month, top universities at 2000€/yr and overall good job prospects
I'd like to add that I've found the Netherlands to be among the most welcoming countries to expats that I've spent meaningful amounts of time in. I've moved away, but I'll always feel like home there.

Also, at least in the cities, everyone will be fluent in English.

If you pick city other than Amsterdam, or are willing to have a 45 min+ commute, rents should still be reasonable.

Agreed. Amsterdam is a great city, people are friendly and speak great English. An added bonus if you like travelling is that they also have one of the big airport hubs in Europe (along with Frankfurt and London) which means you can go almost anywhere in the world with at most one layover.
Where do I get healthcare for so little? I pay €90 per month in insurance and an additional €240 per month through Zvw tax.
You should compare US wages to EU contractors income. The rights between the two are similar and the income is too (~ €150.000 per year). But everything is cheaper here so you quality of life will be much higher.
I've heard that before from contractor friends, especially in London. Another option is working for a US company from Europe which I've done twice now. Wages can be quite a bit higher than working for a local company. Often both the US company and the employee feels like they're getting a great deal as you meet in the middle on wages.

Also the rights point you bring up is pretty key, the amount of protections, safety net, and rights you get as an employee in Europe makes it so that needing to save copious amount of money in case things go sideways is not a thing.

It's not that bad. Expect 50k EUR for a junior position.
Comes down on what you want to get. It is easy to find jobs at startups because there is a shortage of developers here but on the other side it is hard to find entry level jobs overall. But I guess this is true for most of the major cities.

Mentioning here that startups are not really obsessed by technology, at least most of them. There is this a weird mindset going around I think that technology is a 2nd class citizen. But it is depending on the startup I guess.

To get into one of the bigger companies like Zalando, contentful, N26, GetYourGuide, Klarna, Auto1, GoEuro, DeliveryHero, HelloFresh or SumUp takes more work and experience but it's completely doable. I am now at one of the companies above after 1.5 years of company experience.

(comment deleted)
Lots of startups there, if you're the right person you will get hired.
It is definitely culturally rich. Amazing city.
BTW: of course another great option in Germany is Munich, my favorite city. But: rents are higher, salaries too though. The range of employers is larger. You can go for companies like BMW if you like but also startups. Shoot me a mail if you’re interested to get more insights
Munich is an amazing town but it is literally one of the most expensive places to live in Germany. Getting an affordable flat close to downtown is a nightmare.
Hesitant to encourage more people to move here but...South West Montana. Bozeman, Livingston, Helena..

I say "here" but I'm typing this in SF...so I guess I mean "there".

Isn't Rightnow the only tech company in Gallatin Valley?
I lived a year in Vilnius and after the usual struggle to get connected found the startup community there quite thriving. Still, most of my friends where expats.

You can live comfortably on 1300 EUR/month. (Average salary is 1000 EUR, but probably a bit higher in Vilnius). To evaluate visit first in winter because it’s the worst time.

Vilnius is the capital of Lithuania

(For anyone unaware like me)

I've been living in Vilnius (and surroundings) for the past two years, and I would definitely recommend it. The city is very cozy, well kept, and relatively cheap (small flats in the center run for around 500€/month).
What's the electronic music scene like?
As a local I can confirm, Vilnius has became very strong with its startup community. A lot of international businesses are moving in, a lot of big companies are already in. And that all gathers around the smaller companies and startups.

Super cheap 1-gig internet, super cheap unlimited data mobile LTE / 5G, great food and people. Accommodation is somewhat average, 500-600 euros for a flat in the city centre on average.

Vilnius (and Lithuania in general) also has really great infrastructure - 1Gbps unlimited FTTH costs less than 20 EUR/month, 4G penetration and prices are better than almost anywhere else in Europe.
With regards to salary, try bigger companies. 2500 EUR/month net for a decent mid-level engineer is the lower bound of what you can get if you shop a little.
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is an option to consider. Strategically located in growing Southeast Asia and well connected.

Most folks in the city speaks English in the city, so you wont have issues getting around.

There is a growing tech community here as well with a some notable startups/companies.

Cost of living wise, magnitude lower than neighboring Singapore, as such a good consideration

Plenty of co-working and reasonable hotels around Cyberjaya, good food, fast internet, it is a bit boring though for SE Asia.
The nice thing about KL is that it's the home base for Air Asia, so there are dirt-cheap flights to anywhere in Asia, most of which (Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, India, southern China) can be reached in under 4 hours by plane.
This is very true, although KLIA2 is often a disgrace for queues, I suffer the hit to wallet to fly out of KLIA/KLIA1 usually.
Two downsides: * Non-English speakers. * High housing prices.
There are downsides to KL, but in my opinion its not either of those.

House prices - Not according to https://www.propertyguru.com.my, I looked up Cyberjaya as an example (~15mins on train to KL sentral) and freehold $120,000usd for a 4bedroom/2bathroom place, 1 bedroom condo for much less. That would buy you half a car parking place in Hong Kong (on leasehold no less). Regardless you'd just rent anyway, at least for first few years, $300-$400pm for a nice serviced condo with pool/gym. No point buying unless you eventually get a permanent residence.

English language - I never had a problem with English in KL or Penang or even Alor Setar, except maybe one of the old roadside tea vendors, but that's probably my northern accent. It might not be Singapore or HKG level but it aint significantly off.

I visit family in KL and am interested in tech hotspots. However, the city seems quite normal - is Cyberjaya where most of the action is?
Cyberjaya is like the upcoming tech scene of KL imo. It has a growing number co-working spaces, plenty of decent accommodation for low prices, hosts many of big data centers including IBM, doesn't suffer from the traffic issues of the center, parks and greenery, air feels clean, is 15minutes from airport or 15mintues to KL sentral via the train etc.. I usually stay Citadines at DPulze which puts you pretty central and above a shopping centre, it's quite sparse so you'll need to GrabTaxi to different co-working places etc... If by action you mean nightlife it's meh, there a little pretend irish pub where locals smoke inside and few other sterile hiso venues, better hit Bukit Bintang if you need a beer or three (happy hour trend is 3x for some odd reason).
Honestly, not really IMO. Most of the action is in KL/PJ.
KL is also polluted and very dirty. I couldn't recommend it to someone used to clean air and clean streets.
also the internet in MY is very slow an unreliable.

edit: fix abbr

Really, I live here and we have speeds up to 30Mbps/100Mbps/1Gbps. 3/4G is quite reliable too.
ML is Mali, Malaysia is MY.

I’m there a few times / year and never had a problem. Maybe if you rely on some coffee shops WiFi it could be a problem but that’s a general problem. Internet is really cheap too if you get a SIM card.

It's a lot more variable than surrounding countries in that you're more chance of winning the lottery than finding a coffee shop / restaurant / bar with usable internet, or working government sponsored free internet but 4G sim cards and coworking spaces, and chain hotels, it works well.
Can try outskirts of KL such as Petaling Jaya / Bangsar / Damansara. Decent tech talent here. Decent number of tech meetups. English-speaking people in general.

Honestly, KL/Klang Valley is such a gem, cost of living is super low for USD folks. Met many Americans who work on their startup/product here. Your runway extends by 4x thanks to currency exchange.

A huge number of co-working spaces around. Gyms too.

He said he's from the Bay area so I doubt he's used to clean air and clean streets. :)
If you're single, just cut your expenses and stay in the Bay Area. Get rid of your car, get roommates, stop eating out. It's much easier to cut your spending than move, and you will definitely be giving up opportunity and intellectual community no matter where in the world you move compared to SF.

Also, Berlin fits your criteria.

If you just want somewhere cheap try Thailand. Many coworking spaces, but harder to find a startup community. The language barrier won't be a problem because of tourism and the polite culture.

Bay Area rent is the price of admission to the tech industry and venture capital community; if you don't specifically need those things, it's not necessary.
You can’t « cut expenses » if you want to start a life and have kids ;-)
Brooklyn
Brooklyn is expensive
I disagree. You can live like a king in many parts of Brooklyn for cheap compared to the Bay Area.
Brooklyn is cool for the culture but it's expensive , you live cramped,in old buildings and crappy conditions, the transportation is a mess(L train shutdown, etc). If you pay the money you could live in a nice area of Brooklyn, but the point here was about cheap/afordable for everybody,as in other intellectuals can afford and not live from paycheck to paycheck
I’d recommend Ann Arbor if you don’t mind the midwestern winters. [0] UMich is there, and you’ll find people in academia working on very interesting problems. Very friendly locals too.

[0] https://www.thrillist.com/news/nation/most-educated-cities-i...

I grew up in Michigan, and hated it until a few years ago when my sister moved to Grand Rapids. GRR has some of the best veggie/vegan food I've had in the world, a strong arts scene and an equally vibrant underground music scene.

Ann Arbor is also quite fantastic. I study middle-eastern percussion, and Ann Arbor is a hub for my musical world. Every time I visit family in Michigan I take a couple of days to play house parties, go to concerts, take lessons, and jam. The Arabic/Turkish music scene there is very vibrant, and the city itself is unexpectedly diverse for the midwest.

The cost of living in Michigan is lower than in some third world countries. I bought my mother a house in Grand Rapids, in cash, for less than 25% of what it would have cost me for a down-payment on a 750 ft^2 condo in a really bad neighborhood in San Francisco.

The weather, however, is the deal-closer for me. Winters are pretty miserable.

(edited for clarity and punctuation)

Second this. GRR is not too far from AnnArbor, Kalamazoo, BigRapids,Lansing. Which are all college towns. All of them are may be an hour away or two hour tops. GRR has an incredible beer scene,midwestern non-chalance,salaries are not too great, but it is cheap to live there. My buddy used to work for Atomic Object-in GRR and he never had anything bad to say about them.
I'm a software engineer living in A2 and also recommend moving here. It has a small town feel but has most amenities anyone would need. Comcast provides gigabit internet for $120/mo in some areas of town. There's a great downtown scene with a ton of university students to stimulate intellectual curiosity.

There is a growing tech scene here with companies like Duo (sold for 2bn to cisco), barracuda networks, and a thriving startup scene (farmlogs, trove, spark incubator, etc.).

We have excellent meetups -- at least for javascript (regularly 100 people attend them).

The food here is pretty great considering the size of A2.

The cost of living, however, is quite a bit more expensive than most places in the midwest. Getting an apartment downtown is going to run you close to $1.5-2k.5/mo. There is definitely affordable living here, but you'll have to look further outside the 2mi radius of downtown A2. Purchasing a house in A2 is extremely difficult and fairly expensive.

Also, we are 45 mins away from Detroit, which is making a huge comeback. It has a ton of cultural diversity and some excellent food, things to do.

I see fairly reasonably sized houses in the 200k - 400k range in Ann Arbor. That seems totally fine. What's your experience purchasing?
Mexico City is cool. There are many emerging start-ups, affordable, and close to US.
Honestly, I think Cambridge MA may give you that environment.
Median home price in Cambridge is $800k. Certainly cheaper than the bay, but I wouldn’t consider that cheap by any stretch.
It _sounds_ like he plans on quitting his job and trying to "get by" for a while, hence needing the cheaper cost of living. While Cambridge would definitely scratch the intellectual itch I wouldn't exactly call it "cheap"...
It depends on where one is at in life. I would move to such a place to retire, but not just starting out.

Prague is relatively cheap.

Also, some of the college towns in the US if they're not nestled within major metros.

Tokyo, SF, NYC, London, Moscow, etc. are where the action is at: for people whom can compete and afford a lifestyle unsustainable for anyone else.

If you feel adventurous you can consider moving to Poland. I would recommend Krakow. Most young people will speak English, there are couple of top Universities there (PK and AGH for technical schools, UJ for humanities, medicine and some tech too and UE for economics). The tech scene seems to be constantly growing, with lots of international companies having their offices there. As a senior dev in Poland you can earn somewhere between 12-20k PLN a month. Renting a flat will be between 1.5-3k PLN(~400-800USD) depending on thr standard. Additional perks you can enjoy is free(as you pay it on your taxes) healthcare, amazing food, great nightlife and proximity of other European countries (the flights are super cheap).
+1 for Poland. I am not living there but very time we visit my fiancée family we literally see how the economy is thriving. Exciting times for Poland.
Avoid working for local companies in Poland unless you like low pay. Just find yourself a nice remote gig (there's plenty of them if you know how to find them) and live like the top .001% of the country or whatever. There's a good reason why being a "digital nomad" is becoming more and more popular.

Healthcare starts at ~$130/mo if you manage to not pay for the retirement fund scam (rarely possible), goes up to like $350/mo if you run your own company (not 100% sure, I can thankfully avoid it). The income tax is 19%.

agree. I'm from Poland but since the beginning of my programming career I've been working mostly for abroad companies (because of earnings).

And about the politics... Only people that want to play into 'politics' game really cares what's happening here - other people just don't care and live happily.

Stick with that attitude long enough and you, too, will care about the "politics game".
I've noticed that many people comment my attitude like this, but I've noticed that the less I care, the more happy life I live (and my friends as well).

Caring about politics is a total waste of time and energy - in my opinion it's just better to turn these resources into e.g. earning more money than e.g. thinking how much politicians are "stealing" it from us - I think that's the main reason why people are so angry these days and live unhappy lifes

You might not be interested in politics, but politics is interested in you.
of course, but still - most people I know really doesn't care..
BTW. I'm interested in politics (only to get to know what's happening), but nothing more than that - I prefer reading stuff about entrepreneurship or technology than this.
Currently working for a local Polish company as a dev, how would you go about finding a remote gig ?
Look for openings on various sites, apply on sites like Upwork. Initially it'll take a lot of effort to get a gig, eventually you should be able to just use your network to find projects.
healthcare + mandatory pension contributions are $130 for the first two years of running the business here. After two years you should get a good feeling of whether you can make the larger $350 payments. IMO with any decent income, the relatively low tax rate 19% makes up for the fixed costs of healthcare. $130 is still peanuts compared to a medical insurance in the USA
You'd have to be quite apolitical to consider a move to Poland right now.
This is what my Polish friend said as well, that they're growing like crazy, and drastic negative politics alongside with it as well.
Why throw politics into it?
If you live in the country you have citizenship in, with a right to be there, you might be lucky enough not to worry about it. This doesn't spread to all citizens of all countries: African Americans couldn't comfortably just move anywhere in the states in the 1950's, for example.

If you are moving to another country, it becomes even more important. Not only can the politics affect your life greatly (being gay might be illegal, for example, with harsh punishments), but in many places, you won't have a say in said politics. You can rally folks together, but most places won't let you vote.

Even if the laws at the present time fit your lifestyle, the political trends might be geared towards changing this. It really pays to pay attention to such things. Politics and culture are important to pay attention to, especially when moving to another country.

Because the rise of anti-immigrant parties and sentiment is rather relevant to prospective immigrants.
Too true. I’ve been eyeing ditching my polish citizenship for a while now.
Warsaw is a beautiful city with quite an active and thriving tech community. I thought of moving there after a visit recently, until I heard about a recent city sanctioned far right rally attended by 60K people demanding a "White Europe". Any dreams of moving to Poland ended after that
Actually, despite the media buzz, there were about 20 morons with "white Europe" banner, quickly kicked away by organizers, but for some reason media loved presenting their photos, not the remaining 60k of people of all age (0 to 99) celebrating the Day of Independence in a rather peaceful atmosphere.

In reality there is nothing to be afraid, Poland is one of the safest countries in the World (there are multiple resources about that), people are traditionally hospitable, in bigger cities like Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw there is pretty a lot of people from many Western Europe countries, there are also a lot of (about 1 million) refugees and emigrants from Ukraine, emigrants from Belarus, quite big Vietnamese community. So far everyone live in peace together.

A fun fact - my daughter goes to a regular primary public school and in her class there is a boy from India, a boy from western Ukraine, a girl from Ukraine and a girl from Belarus and. They were assimilated very quickly, without particular teachers assistance (public school, so teachers don't have time for anything but teaching); boys soaked into the group immediately, as running around together and screaming plus playing soccer does not require much language skills.

I think that if you consider seriously moving/traveling to country X, relaying on media does not make much sense, as they are chasing something that would make a "news". So, surely, there are people in Poland who bite dogs, yet the reality is that, typically, dogs are biting people.

Luckily, these days it is easy to contact foreigners living in Poland (Facebook groups, native language speakers portals, etc.), so, just ask someone who lives here.

>a lot of (about 1 million) refugees and emigrants from Ukraine

Please don't mix labor migrants (99.99+% of the number you indicated) with refugees.

According to the fresh official Foreigners Office report[0], there were 7.5k applications and around 400(sic!) positive decisions for the "refugee" or "protection" status from the Ukrainian citizens in the last 15(!) years.

[0] https://udsc.gov.pl/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/UKRAINA-01.09...

10x easier to just drive through the border or get a work visa than to apply for the asylum.
Its rather sad how close we are to a 1984-esque "believe everything you hear on the 'news'" society. I hope one day we can move past that, and better realize that nearly all news is founded on Outrage designed to get advertisement views.

Here's your litmus test: If you read a news story and it invokes some emotional state within you, immediately preempt that and use your head. Is it possible they could be exaggerating, or straight up lying? What are their motivations and biases? Are there corroborating "ground" reports from individuals with different biases?

Is that true in all of Poland though? Many people find Trump repulsive, and they will agree with most of their peers if they move to a big city in a blue state.
Big cities (capitals of subregions and anything over ~150 000 people) are liberal, small cities and countryside is conservative. Western and northern Poland has more people in big cities so it's liberal, Eastern and southern Poland has more people in countryside so it's conservative. Overall more people live in the conservative parts, so Poland is conservative, but the exact division changes with each elections, previously we had 2 terms of "liberals".
If you ignore weekly nazi rallies and all the book burning it's not such a bad place./s

Seriously though, Poland is one of the safest place to live in right now, especially if you're a foreigner. Media's portrayal of current political situation in Poland is HUGELY exaggerated.

I can’t readily discern where you are going with this comment. Perhaps the point would have been better stated another way.
First sentence but unironically and it's getting worse.
Where in Poland do you live that you get such an impression? Do you even experience such things or are you just listening to the propaganda?
There's the media posturing and then there's reality. A lot of people in Poland have not had any contact with other cultures and make inappropriate jokes about that, those who traveled a bit are totally ok with it, the last 20 years introduced a lot more multiculturalism but there's still ways to go. The leading right-wing political party is a data driven monsters - they will build their policy on whatever gets them seats in parliament and local elections. One the most successful right wing policies in Poland right now is 500+ - a form of Universal Basic Income for every family with children. This clearly a very socialist idea, but introduced by a 'conservative' party. My point is the conservative party, like most of Poles are very pragmatic and generally will do what works rather than being too principled. If you understand that, you'll gel well with the society in Poland.
How bad is it there for sexual/gender minorities (aka gay/trans people). Is it livable if you are visibly transgender?
East Europe is the most traditional family oriented area that I know. Politics and mentalities follow that trend. Despite being a piece of heaven to a lot of people, I wouldn't recommend it to everybody.
Seconded. Poland is probably the most religious and conservative country in the EU.
It's the fastest secularizing one, though [1]. And, with recent sexual abuse reports and the success of a related movie [2], I sense we're on the verge of an outbreak of an unprecedented wave of anticlerical rage.

[1]: http://www.pewforum.org/2018/06/13/young-adults-around-the-w... [2]: https://cruxnow.com/church-in-europe/2018/10/06/church-in-po...

While that's true, there's a long tail of older people still trusting the Church a lot and there's a knock on effect where children are still sent to learn 'religion' at school. I think it will be some decades before the society becomes truly secular and not sure if that's better, the only thing that's replacing religion right now is consumerism, which IMO is even worse for keeping the society as a whole...
Spot on comment. I'm not religious but I believe that religion makes more good than harm in Poland. I've lived there for 5 years and peacefullness is remarkable.
Depends on how visible it is.
Probably not. In 80%+ of Eastern Europe you'll get at least stares and I'd venture the "village idiots" will probably have a go at you...
If you know what areas/times of the day/people to avoid, absolutely liveable. Just like anywhere else, people in big cities do not care in general. Still, expect mildly unpleasant situations - gender is embedded in the Polish language and it will make people think and get confused all the time.
Rather bad. I guess it's getting better, especially in bigger cities, but even in Warsaw I don't think it would be a good idea for a gay couple to walk hand in hand. Poland is a mostly a great place to live, but this is a disgrace.
I've seen gay people walking hand in hand and kissing in public in the main public space in Warsaw (Łazienki Park). Nobody bothered them. They still got looks because it's unusual.

I wouldn't try that in a backyard alley in a "working class" part of the city, though, especially if they are male. Most of the time it would be OK, but there's a real risk of some idiot being "insulted" by that and reacting stupidly.

I've talked on the internet with a transgender girl that moved from USA to Poland for some time, she had family there, and after a few months she moved out, couldn't handle the shit her family gave her and the looks. So yeah, it's not pretty. Violence wasn't a problem apparently.

I know some trans people (both f2m and m2f) and they really don't have any issues, so yes, it's liveable. You probably won't find large LGBTQ communities like in major US cities though.

Of course if you ask a local if they know someone who got beat up for their identity (be it nationality, language, race or gender), they will usually respond affirmatively... as would quite a lot people in the West. Just don't mess with drunk idiots and you should be fine. Also, based on my observations, there's way less harassment towards women here than in the Bay Area, for some reason.

I wouldn't live there visibly transgender or holding hands as gay. Too much risk. Source: am polish.
+1 for Poland. Haven’t been to Krakow but Varsaw is awesome. I think I would prefer moving there compared to Prague. I’ve heard good things about Budapest as well.
I take the chance of being downvoted but I strongly feel

Poland. Xenophobic.

Czech Republic. VERY Xenophobic.

Budapest is much more welcoming.

Salary-wise, surely anything in W-Europe is better than E-Europe?
In programming the differences are minimal. Like 5-10%?

Adjusting for costs of living it makes no sense to move abroad from Poland if you work in IT, unless it's because of some niche you want to work in, that you can't find in your city.

Weather and outdoors aren't great in Krakow. Language is also a pretty big problem: true, some educated youngsters will speak English, but the bulk of the population doesn't speak a word. Would not recommend.
have you actually been around Krakow much? There's climbing spots in the city itself, skiing slopes 1-2 hours away, Tatra mountains 100km away and beautiful Jurrasic valleys to the North-West, lots of green areas in the city and huge forests to the East, perfect for cycling or running. Weather is a mix - some snow in the winter, some lovely sunshine in the 6 warmer months and lots of rain and in-between weather on the bright side it does give you some time to work where you don't mind being indoors and you get to appreciate when it's nice outside.
Kraków has a big problem with smog in the winter. Most Polish cities do, Kraków is one of the worst.
So learn Polish? Why is it up to the locals to adapt to you?
Poland is very cheap, English is common (among 35 and younger), and in university cities the atmosphere is nice.

Deoending on what you value more I recommend:

- Kraków (biggest startup scene, biggest city out of these, most active cultural scene, but also crowded with tourists, worst air quality and slightly more dangerous than the others because of football clubs violence)

- Wrocław (almost as big tech scene, less tourists and smaller city, but still expansive for Poland, safe and good air)

- Lublin (smaller city with smaller tech scene but still OK, very active culturally but mostly targeting students so in summer holidays it's a ghost city, few tourists, very cheap, highest percentage of students per capita, safe and ok air)

I'm biased because I live in Lublin, but I've lived in Kraków for a short time and in Warsaw for a few years too, and I prefer Lublin. Compared to Kraków a flat will be about 1-2k PLN (2k is very good standard or strict center, median is about 1.5k), and you can earn 10-15k PLN as a senior dev.

Food and services are also very cheap because it's basically a surprise university city in otherwise poorest countryside part of Poland.

In all of these cities there's lots of foreigners, in Kraków it's mostly tourists, in Wrocław it's mostly Ukrainians who migrated for work, in Lublin it's mostly Ukrainians and Asians who are studying there and go back afterwards.

Also - all of this is nice, but be warned that Poland has its own Trump-like revolution going on right now, so far it mostly stays political, with few real-life consequences, but it is making business more risky because of government breaking the constitution and the courts wondering which law is actually binding. Also xenophoby is increasingly used as a political tool.

I'm Polish and after living in the Netherlands and London can't stand Poland.

Xenophobic, homophobic, antisemitic nation. You're rightly warning about the Trump-like revolution. But it is much worse now. For example you can't become a school director if you're not catholic. All national TV is just a fake news brainwash directed by governing party. Don't go to Poland.

P.S. If you're muslim they will lynch you.

My (American) parents moved to all to Wroclaw when I was 5 for 6 years. I have been back several times. Each time it's like a time machine racing forward.

I love Wroclaw, I'd move back in a heart beat if it weren't for family here in the states.

There's one word that immediately negates all the good things you mentioned.

Smog.

*top in Poland, of course, since the academic record of a typical Polish professor resembles that of a decent-but-not-great grad student in the US (Google some profiles and check on Google Scholar if it sounds like an exaggeration)

Krakow can be really nice and interesting, but you should probably be white and Western. Otherwise, you may be setting yourself up for a tough time (not because of any recent events).

As you say, places near academic institutions should be pretty good for you. Oxford or Cambridge in England may not be too expensive. Edinburgh or Glasgow would be cheaper even.

In any case you may consider enrolling in some kind of academic research program. Pursuing your own intellectual thing by yourself will be incredibly tough and lonely.

> Oxford or Cambridge in England may not be too expensive

They’re really not far off London prices, and because they’re in the UK, the weather sucks

If you aren't part of the university then Oxford and Cambridge aren't great. I think the pressures from tourism force them to isolate themselves. They are expensive as well.

"Pursuing your own intellectual thing by yourself will be incredibly tough and lonely."

Yes.

Oxford and Cambridge themselves are exorbitant, though if you like small-town life and are happy to get the bus/train into the city, there are some reasonable options nearby (I live in a tiny town 15 minutes from Oxford on the train, for example).
> focus on my own intellectual pursuits

If you plan on commercializing those pursuits, talk to a lawyer before signing a contract. Most states/companies will give full ownership of all your work even on your own time to the company. States like California are more protecting of employee off time work but they still lean towards employers if your work "relates" towards your employer which for the top paying companies like Google/Apple/Facebook/Amazon/Microsoft is practically everything so you can still be screwed.

As an extension to the common advice here (move where the academics are), check what research you enjoy and find out which universities produce that research. Then, secondly see if there is a meetup scene where the people doing this research at the graduate level hang out. That should get you into some network or another once you filter the alternative by living cost threshold.
Just off top of my head...Vancouver, Seattle, Austin, Denver, Toronto, and Waterloo. Cheaper than the Bay Area and still with an intellectually high community.
Nice, places, but I don't think they count as "affordable" by most standards.
I just moved to Hobart, Australia from SF. It's quite affordable. I pay A$400 /mo rent in a share house, and walk 20 mins to a downtown co-working space every day (also A$400 /mo). Lifestyle is pretty incredible. It's small, but still a state capital city, so there's plenty going on. Hobart is also the home port for the Australian and French Antarctic programs, so a lot of smart folks come through. Plus it was a trial zone for the National Broadband Network, so everyone has cheap fiber to the home.

edit: also the exchange rate is favorable, so if you have savings in USD they will go a long way.

I'm in Melbourne right now but I'd love to move over the strait to Hobart. Do you have a remote job? The only thing stopping me is not being able to find work there - of the many things Hobart has, a thriving high tech industry is not one of them.
Melbourne here too wave -- greatest city on Earth, IMHO (I'm not from here), but we were in Adelaide just last week and it's getting interesting there. I assume rent is cheaper than Melbourne due to lower demand.
Yeah, I've been writing open source software mostly, plus a bit of software consulting. Several folks in my co-working space work remotely for companies in Melbourne.
As a fellow Aussie living on the main land - Tassie is absolutely gorgeous. I'd love to work remotely from Tassie and live on a big farm. Oh boy... One can dream.
Remote role with NBN, it's probably do-able!
Funnily enough I had faster/better internet on a farm at the very bottom of Tasmania (50mbps fixed wireless) than I did in an inner Melbourne suburb (ADSL2 only, walking distance to CBD).

One of the weird things about the NBN roll-out was rural areas getting more attention than city suburbs.

Yeah, I've been pleasantly surprised with fiber here in Hobart. The only thing that sucks is the latency of ssh to US cloud providers, but I haven't found it to be a big deal.
I'm not Aussie (yet), but I think you could pull it off!
I live across the pond, and though I love Hobart and tassie, intellectual is not exactly in the top 10 words I'd expect most people to use to describe most australian culture, let alone in its smaller cities.

Edit: which is mainly why I'm in Melbourne.

Edit2: though to be fair, looking at half the suggestions so far, no one seems to be taking said criteria very seriously.

Yeah, I was thinking of the "focus on my own intellectual pursuits" part of op's post. I imagined this to be something like writing open-source software, or doing math.
Tasmania is legitimately one of the most beautiful place I've seen anywhere in the world. Bruny Island, Huon Valley, most of the East coast, Hobart itself... but you absolutely pay for the beauty with lack of amenities and convenience.

The entire state only has 500k people in it, and you feel it. Shops close early, and close multiple days a week to save staff costs. You have to buy most stuff online, and shipping takes a while longer than anywhere else (for obvious reasons). The internet is mostly fixed wireless, unless you're in the middle of Hobart. There's regular power and Internet outages. There's a lack of people-stuff, so very few meetups, and it's very hard to find friends.

Most my family are down there (chefs and farmers), and it absolutely suits the outdoors types. Fishing, boating, hiking, and photography are all just cheating down there.

But I wouldn't call it a hub for... anything. You're on an island, and it very much feels like it.

Without a doubt one of my absolute favourite places in Australia (and the world) to holiday though. It's in my top 5 "places people must see before they die" list.

It's definitely not a hub. I wouldn't recommend trying to find a software job here. However, if you are a software engineer focusing on intellectual pursuits (like writing, math, OSS) and not working, then Hobart is pretty damn good. Other places that are as cheap and beautiful can have some major downsides in terms of language barriers, safety, looking like a tourist, etc.
tasmania has historically been a relatively poor part of australia, recently hobart has been having an issue with availability and affordability of housing, particularly relative to local wages: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-23/hobart-beats-sydney-mo...

hobart is not a great choice if you are looking to find software-related work locally. you'd be better off in one of the bigger "mainland" australian cities, melbourne, sydney or brisbane, or perhaps perth if the mining industry is in full boom phase. +/- intellectual atmosphere.

I agree that this isn't a place to find a software job. I interpreted op's "follow my own intellectual pursuits" as not working. If they are coming from the bay area as a software engineer then their savings will go a very long way here, but not so much in other big cities.
I have a software engineer friend who moved to Budapest, and she swears by it. It's a beautiful city with several universities, and it's incredibly affordable.
Hungary consistently ranks as having the lowest percentage of English speaking people in Europe. It's perhaps one of the few countries where this would actually still be an issue in Europe.
Well, its survivable. I drove twice via "non-central" Hungary this year. And people understand basic English. However, can't comment on availability of English-speaking communities of smart individuals in Hungary.
As an IT professional living in Hungary atm, take my advice and don't come here. I've been living in Stockholm, Madrid and Wien for a while, so I have comparison. The intellectual community is evaporating, and although the city is nice, that shine will only last for a couple of a weeks. If I had a remote job, I'd go back to Madrid, loved it there :)
Sadly this is true, even among software engineers and highly qualified people. You can still get a job without speaking Hungarian, and you'll be able to get through mandatory work stuff, but it may be uncomfortable during casual conversations. People often feel uneasy speaking English so they tend to switch to Hungarian if only one or two English speakers are in the group.
But if you can find a good community, then it may work out really well. Budapest is really affordable and SE salaries are very high compared to the average cost of living.
So the good news is that after SV/SF, everything is cheap! Well, mostly....

I would personally suggest Cape Town, South Africa, if you're a bit adventurous. Lovely weather, good people, cheap, excellent food. It's a bit out of the way (10h flying to Europe, more to US), but same timezone as Europe. English is the main language. Moved here 8 years ago and no regrets

I’ve been to Cape Town and I really enjoyed it. It’s got some shorty aspects, but it’s not a huge shock if you are coming from SF. Stellenbosch was also nice. Weather was unbeatable. Food was amazing.
Chiang Mai, Thailand. It's super cheap and has a ton of 'digital nomads' there. I didn't spend too much time doing that there but there were a few co-working spaces, at least a couple years ago.
Not sure whether Chiang Mai qualifies for intellectual atmosphere.
Why not ? You should check Niman area. Lot of coffee shop where writers and other artists likes de hangout. As said a lot of remote workers are living here. I know some people working for big US tech companies living here.
In order to give any kind of really meaningful feedback I'd have to ask a couple of other questions:

1) Define "cheap". You're in the Bay Area, which is by every definition the opposite of "cheap", but substituting that with something like Seattle or Austin or Brooklyn doesn't sound like it's accomplishing what you're looking for to me, even though it's absolutely cheaper. You said you want to focus on your own intellectual pursuits, so are you planning to quit your job and just try to pick up freelance gigs here and there to pay bills or live off your savings or what?

2) Related to #1... if you plan on quitting your job and just freelancing it or living off your savings, you're going to run into visa issues if you move abroad. If you're planning on finding a job somewhere else that heavily impacts the situation - it needs to be a tech center that offers other options that will sponsor you. What's the intention here?

3) What non-work features/perks/requirements/options are you concerned about? Middle of nowhere Kansas is one of the cheapest places you could possibly find in the US, but it's absolutely not for everyone and won't work out if you like having new restaurants opening every week, going to museums, and the other little things a big city provides to add variety to life.

4) Living in the Bay Area means you're used to cool and rainy but still mild weather year-round. Do you think you could deal with snow and wind with temperatures well into the negative? If not winters in Northern Europe (and, realistically, a lot of the rest of Europe) are going to be a problem. Not a fan of humid and stagnant with no air conditioning? That's going to mean the Caribbean, Central/South America, and parts of the Pacific aren't going to be an option - it's not standard there because of the power requirements. If you end up somewhere with a drastically different climate that can completely destroy your motivation and mood, which could be a deal breaker.

  Living in the Bay Area means you're used to cool and rainy
Rainy? Rain averages 13-14 inches a year in San Jose.
I'm not saying it's Seattle or Portland... should I have said "misty" or "gray and miserable"? The specific amount of sky water wasn't really the point of the question.
The Bay Area is far from "misty" or "gray and miserable". Go live in some places that are truly like that, and then compare. Examples: Scotland, Luxembourg, etc.
???

Have you ever actually been to the bay area? Compared to the most of the country, compared to most of the developed world it's sunny as all hell.

Are you saying the Bay Area is synonymous with San Jose?
Rainfall is similar around the Bay Area, with the North Bay getting generally more rain than the South Bay, but everywhere in the Bay area is below average rainfall for non-desert areas.

Also, only SF proper could be considered particularly "cool".