Ask HN: How do you make a profitable business out of an open-source project?

21 points by fabiospampinato ↗ HN
I've recently published a note-taking app [1], which I open-sourced right way, and it amazingly got a lot of interest from the community.

I'd like to make the best possible note-taking experience out of it, that implies developing a web-app, mobile-apps and generally putting considerable resources into the project.

I think the best way to ensure all this will come to fruition is if the app/service itself was profitable, ideally I would like for it to pay for itself and also provide enough funding for future projects of mine.

I'd like the business to be defensible, but also avoid making the app closed-source. I'm not sure how I could avoid having the (probably simple) server reverse-engineered at some point in the future in order to avoid paying for an eventual subscription fee though.

What do you think is the best way to achieve profitability?

[1] https://github.com/fabiospampinato/notable

35 comments

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Offer a hosted version.
Thanks for the suggestion, that's definitely something I'd be interested in implementing.
Off the top of my head:

- Paid support from the official development team.

- Paid features, plugins, or addons that primarily serve enterprise users.

- Paid hosting

- In-app advertising

Thanks for the suggestions. I'd rather not deal with advertising if at all possible, but the other suggestions sound interesting to me.
Offer a pro/paid account.

Mention your story, perhaps offer a few extra features if you’d like, and as other said you may want to offer hosting too (but that’s extra work/cost for you). My recommendation would be to just have one simple monthly price = easy y/n decision.

Some people will start paying, and talking to these you’ll figure out why, and how to convert more.

Check out how others are doing, on top of my head I can think of bitwarden (not affiliated).

bitwarden is a very interesting example, thank you so much!
One other resource that a lot of people miss but is quite profitable is selling packages relating to your niche.

I haven't tried your app but let's say your app helps people better manage time, then you have a perfect audiende that may be interested in buying a small ebook about productivity and how your app can be used to double it. You already have a list of prospects who trust you and use your product. Upselling them is easy if you can create a great resource that will help them get the most out of your app and achieve the goal (for which they're using your app) more quickly or lazily

I don't know I think there's so much to do in the note-taking arena alone that selling a book about productivity or something along that line instead may be a bit too unrelated.
Not sure who the target market is but IF your audience is developers then you can definitely sell something on the lines of training to create your own popular app and you can obviously use your app as an example and qualification.
support, support, support...
Selling support is a bit alien to me, do most companies buy support just to have someone to call in case anything breaks? Do they want their features requests or issues reports to be prioritized?

If you could share your experience about this it would be very helpful, thank you!

If your app doesn't actually need support, companies won't buy support. Nobody has ever asked for a support contract for any of my desktop apps.

It's also hard to sell extensions... I've had a couple of people email me with suggestions for paid feature requests, but nobody ever followed up when I made an offer and quoted the actual cost. Maybe I'm just not good at selling, though.

(People do offer to buy group licenses if you add a feature, but that only works for minor features you wanted to add anyway, and doesn't work if your product is free anyway...)

Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/) may also be an option for this. I'm currently using Joplin (https://joplin.cozic.net/) for note-taking. It has similar popularity on Github as Notable, and developer has a patreon account for ~$130/month.

While that's not full-time, it's a start of a paying community, which is very valuable in itself.

Once a community like that is established, you can implement other suggestions like selling packages, hosted versions etc. with discounts for your patrons etc. Many ways to go about adding value (and getting paid for it), once people trust you with their money.

IMHO it's next to impossible to completely fund the project via Patreon or similar, if Joplin's developer after all this time is only receiving ~$130/month I think it would make more sense to me to self-fund it until it's profitable.
Exactly. Patreon may not be a full time income, but it's starts your paying community, which is a valuable step in the right direction.
It is very difficult for a solo developer to make a full-time living from their own open source product.

These are some possible options:

- Open-core (e.g. Gitlab): Some code is closed source but adds extra features not available in the open source core.

- Support/consultancy

- Sponsorship or Patreon (not realistic or sustainable as a long-term solution for the industry as a whole)

- hosting and online accounts for software that runs in the cloud

The problem is: what if you don't want to do any of the above? I bet there are many developers who are put off by all the above.

What if all you want to do is just sell your product for a fee to users, but with the source available? Impossible with open source. (Doing that is a "source available" option but it's no longer an open source solution.)

The uncomfortable truth is that, despite decades of open source software, no-one has figured out how to make money from an open source product if all you simply want to do is just sell your open source app.

If you find a suitable option for your app please let us know and I wish you lots of success :-)

Somebody suggested to take a look at bitwarden's business model, it sounds like something I could transition too and it seems it's working for them.

Fortunately the extra work of building an hosted solution or some business-oriented features doesn't put me off.

I am not sure making an open source product defensible is the right idea. I'd monetize in one or more of the following ways:

1. Extend the open source product in ways which makes it more valuable for specific groups of people, sell licenses to those people. As the product matures and you add more new features, maybe some of the early extended features get pushed into the open source product.

2. Offer monthly/annual support agreements to people who sign up for a licensed version.

3. Offer to make custom modifications for a fee for specific clients (this might be a way to help start doing #1 too).

A lot of this will boil down to marketing the benefits to the right groups of people and finding features which are valuable to businesses over the open source edition -- this is true for open source just as it is to proprietary products. I don't see how (not to say it is impossible) Patreon or similar platforms will lead to enough income to make this a profitable project, although they may help validate people are willing to pay something for the product.

Wow you got more than 4k stars in 11 days ? Is this a record on github or more common than I think ? Congratulations on that. In terms of monitizing, a lot of folks talk about sidekiq (a ruby project) that makes good money while being open source.
I'm just as surprised as you honestly :) Thanks for your message, I'll definitely check out sidekiq, any successful open-source business I can find is of big help.
For enterprise (or even SMBs) open source builds trust but having a paid service is convenience. I say just offer a ready to go, out of the box service for the open source code. Most companies won’t bother hosting themselves but they will like that it’s open source “because they could host it if they need it”.

I don’t think this forums audience is indicative of your actual market. I think your actual market is not tech savvy. They want to use notes across multiple devices and teams without thinking about it. Offer them that convenience. They will pay for it.

Thank you for your comment, I think you're right about convenience.
I wouldn't know how to find it, but one of the better ideas I've seen suggested is from patio11. He suggested you make it easy for businesses that use your product to get an invoice for monies given to you. He won't "donate" money to open source because he needs to justify his business expenses, including on his taxes, which means explaining it the government. But if he uses the service for his business and can get an invoice, he's happy to pay you money in exchange for a document that he can put on file showing it's a legitimate business expense.
This is along the same lines, I think:

https://twitter.com/patio11/status/1067695403255029761

Which is quote-expanding Swift On Security:

https://twitter.com/SwiftOnSecurity/status/10676827595928698...

Thanks.

I'm pretty sure I originally saw it as a comment on HN in which he talked about giving a project apparently a somewhat sizable amount of money in exchange for an invoice. I have no idea how to find that. But his tweets on the topic are what other people typically supply when I mention this detail.

Makes sense, but IMHO it's very difficult to get enough money only via donations.
My general impression is that most businesses fail. So it seems getting enough money via any avenue at all is very difficult. I don't see any particular reason to especially condemn the donation model for that as if it is magically the root cause of the problem.

Regardless of the model used, getting paid for your work seems to generally be additional effort on top of accomplishing the thing itself.

> I don't see any particular reason to especially condemn the donation model for that as if it is magically the root cause of the problem.

I'm not saying it's the problem, I'm just saying it's probably not the solution, at least long term. As you say getting any revenue at all is always difficult, but off the top of my head I can think of way more business that are alive because of sales rather than donations.

Wow that is amazing that your project got 4k stars on Github!

If I were you, I would be looking at WordPress for inspiration. They have many sources of revenue:

- Hosted version (monthly fee)

- Marketplace for add-ons

- Support

It seems like you have created a community, so to create some kind of extension system would be a way of generating revenue and encouraging people to develop on your platform.

My Sidekiq project makes over $100,000 per month. I'm happy to video chat with anyone weekly at my Happy Hour if you want to discuss business and sustainable OSS.

https://sidekiq.org/support.html

Perhaps offer cloud based backups/syncing of notes across devices. You could use git to track history of changes over time on the server. Charge a monthly fee for this feature to cover hosting + profit.
Don't worry about making the business "defensible". Worry about making the business work in the first place.

If a competitor comes in and takes 50% of the market, that might be frustrating, but it also means there's a market to fight over.

Look at wordpress -- they probably make a lot of money with wordpress.com. But there are also 1000s of other wordpress hosters out there. That doesn't harm Automattic -- on the contrary, without the huge ecosystem around Wordpress, nobody would know that it existed in the first place.