Interesting article. (Full of anecdotes though) On one hand it blames the government for not bringing jobs, on the other hand it cites youth's 'unemployability' as the driving factor for their joblessness. So which one is it? Their lack of English skills, substandard education in mid tier colleges or absence of jobs?
English skills aren't the best but I don't think that's the issue. Substandard education drives the unemployability and poor infrastructure drives the lack of jobs outside the bigger tech metros (Bangalore, Hyderabad, Mumbai IMO).
The education system is one area which really needs reforms. Teaching methodologies might need overhaul and more practical orientated knowledge should be given. What is the level of disparity in quality of education in State funded (Govt) colleges and private ones?
The state-operated Indian Institutes of Technology are generally considered the best colleges in India. Top private colleges are just below that (BITS being top dog among these) and the state National Institutes of Technology are also quite good. After these, quality starts degrading quickly among both state and private colleges.
I went through a mediocre private college - I can safely say that besides two or three of my profs, most were absolutely useless and couldn't code their way out of a paper bag. The syllabus is also pretty crap - when it wasn't random electronics courses to pad the syllabus, it was the same course slightly tweaked and presented by a different prof. There was no mandatory course where a large-scale programming project was to be made. Version control, shell usage, practical database usage, and many other basic things were not taught at all.
The real reason of substandard education is the lack of better lawmakers IMO. And it's an especially hard problem to solve in India.
Its a vicious cycle where uneducated citizens select equally uneducated lawmakers (because susceptible to propaganda/lies easily). The uneducated lawmakers don't have much incentive to improve education, because that will affect their election results, next time around.
And turning to private institutions is of no use. They have neither the good will nor the cash flow to actually do something about this problem...
I think the current state of affairs in this country don't really need proof. I mean do you really think a person who has studied science will elect this guy as the Chief Minister? (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath)
Yes, yes they will. Studying something in college in no way correlates to your political affiliations and choice of leaders. I'd say stop pushing agendas and quit being smug about it but that would have zero effect on you.
Long answer since I have been thinking about this since my school days.
Somewhere in the mid 90s, there was a boom in the IT sector in India - jobs in IT paid 2-3x more than other jobs. Most people who could buy new houses and cars worked in IT. This lead to a push from most parents to put their children into an engineering undergraduate program. Companies like TCS hire people from all branches of Engineering for IT jobs. They retrain the new hires given that the coursework is terrible in most universities anyway and don't care whether you specialized in mechanical engineering or computer engineering.
Of the 300 that finished high school with me, 50 went into commerce and management related programs, 200 went into engineering. Only 1 high-performer (who incidentally was a girl and thus could, by societal norms, "risk not getting a job since she would get married anyway") took an alternate path - pursuing a top-notch program in social sciences.
For a long time, the only way of getting an assured cushy job was to pick some branch of engineering and getting hired by TCS, CTS or Infosys in campus hiring drives.
This and the booming middle income class who could afford college education but needed a job guarantee at the end of it caused a precipitous drop in the quality of people pursuing pure-science and math programs in the country (very few are still considered prestigious) and an explosion in the number of engineering colleges. When I finished my undergrad in 2010, my university alone had 400+ affiliated engineering colleges, churning out > 10000 graduates every year. Most of my batchmates (B.Tech in IT) couldn't code despite going through a 4 year program.
This also meant that vocational programs like carpentry and plumbing were criminally underpaid to the point where it is now hard to find skilled carpenters and plumbers below the age of 40. Agriculture became a thing for only the poorest. A previous push towards vocational training was shot down as casteist [1] and politicians will dare not even mention it anymore because of that.
Things are making a comeback though, Taxi cab drivers are earning salaries comparable to what junior developers do for the first time in decades thanks to Ola and Uber. Vocational programs are going to become necessary within the next 10-15 years. In the years to come, I predict farming making a huge comeback (though corruption and government price-fixing still makes it unpalatable to most who currently are in the middle class)
The reason Taxi cab drivers are earning good salaries is a combination of demand from the IT sector employment and VC money throwing. If by any chance Ola or Uber loses funding or leave the market their salaries will reflect the market value in the economy.
In the 2008 bust a lot of Taxi drivers lost their cabs and there was a massive inventory of it. Luckily Ola and Uber came along and the demand picked up. This time they might not be lucky.
This is what happens when you are in a service based economy. If India does not create industries here or encourage small and medium scale businesses to flourish then they are going to see a lot of problems. Encouraging monopoly is the last thing they should be doing and should break up some of the massive companies to encourage smaller players to rise. This is just one of the things but there are so many basic things that the Government has to improve and they are really late in the game.
Higher education will only get costlier and more and more people will fall in the debt cycle. Hopefully people become financially prudent and find better ways of making money rather than depend on big corporations to provide employment.
I think its likely that surges in demand for all kinds of STEM are going to continue for years. Its not like we haven't seen this before: Too many Lawyers, too many Ship builders, to many coal miners, too many cooks (literally, not figuratively)
Civil Engineering in Australia soaked a lot of very good, skilled graduates from Persia, India, China. But then the boom in gas/oil/coal/iron-ore turned to slump, and they got laid off, and their conditional residency ends, and ..
What India really needs to change is a culture of conformity, and to encourage entrepreneurship. I mean, not everyone is constitutionally capable of becoming a great engineer, but their parents push their kids through the same engineer + mba pipeline, all to get a job and generally it's the same type of engineering job (i.e whatever pays the highest at the moment, if it's software, you see like millions of people graduate as "software engineers"). Instead of always having a mindset of "what pays the most?", if the parents can encourage their kids to learn deeply and develop in what they find passion in, i think you'll see a a lot of India's problems being solved, and India developing self sufficiency in economic terms. The brain power is most definitely there but a culture of preferring safety over everything else needs to change.
Because there are a lot of lower tier colleges which have no standards when it comes to graduating "software engineers." Basically like paying for a piece of paper and the right to call yourself an "engineer."
19 comments
[ 3.1 ms ] story [ 56.3 ms ] threadIs one better than the other?
I went through a mediocre private college - I can safely say that besides two or three of my profs, most were absolutely useless and couldn't code their way out of a paper bag. The syllabus is also pretty crap - when it wasn't random electronics courses to pad the syllabus, it was the same course slightly tweaked and presented by a different prof. There was no mandatory course where a large-scale programming project was to be made. Version control, shell usage, practical database usage, and many other basic things were not taught at all.
Its a vicious cycle where uneducated citizens select equally uneducated lawmakers (because susceptible to propaganda/lies easily). The uneducated lawmakers don't have much incentive to improve education, because that will affect their election results, next time around.
And turning to private institutions is of no use. They have neither the good will nor the cash flow to actually do something about this problem...
Somewhere in the mid 90s, there was a boom in the IT sector in India - jobs in IT paid 2-3x more than other jobs. Most people who could buy new houses and cars worked in IT. This lead to a push from most parents to put their children into an engineering undergraduate program. Companies like TCS hire people from all branches of Engineering for IT jobs. They retrain the new hires given that the coursework is terrible in most universities anyway and don't care whether you specialized in mechanical engineering or computer engineering.
Of the 300 that finished high school with me, 50 went into commerce and management related programs, 200 went into engineering. Only 1 high-performer (who incidentally was a girl and thus could, by societal norms, "risk not getting a job since she would get married anyway") took an alternate path - pursuing a top-notch program in social sciences.
For a long time, the only way of getting an assured cushy job was to pick some branch of engineering and getting hired by TCS, CTS or Infosys in campus hiring drives.
This and the booming middle income class who could afford college education but needed a job guarantee at the end of it caused a precipitous drop in the quality of people pursuing pure-science and math programs in the country (very few are still considered prestigious) and an explosion in the number of engineering colleges. When I finished my undergrad in 2010, my university alone had 400+ affiliated engineering colleges, churning out > 10000 graduates every year. Most of my batchmates (B.Tech in IT) couldn't code despite going through a 4 year program.
This also meant that vocational programs like carpentry and plumbing were criminally underpaid to the point where it is now hard to find skilled carpenters and plumbers below the age of 40. Agriculture became a thing for only the poorest. A previous push towards vocational training was shot down as casteist [1] and politicians will dare not even mention it anymore because of that.
Things are making a comeback though, Taxi cab drivers are earning salaries comparable to what junior developers do for the first time in decades thanks to Ola and Uber. Vocational programs are going to become necessary within the next 10-15 years. In the years to come, I predict farming making a huge comeback (though corruption and government price-fixing still makes it unpalatable to most who currently are in the middle class)
[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_Scheme_of_Elementary_...
In the 2008 bust a lot of Taxi drivers lost their cabs and there was a massive inventory of it. Luckily Ola and Uber came along and the demand picked up. This time they might not be lucky.
This is what happens when you are in a service based economy. If India does not create industries here or encourage small and medium scale businesses to flourish then they are going to see a lot of problems. Encouraging monopoly is the last thing they should be doing and should break up some of the massive companies to encourage smaller players to rise. This is just one of the things but there are so many basic things that the Government has to improve and they are really late in the game.
Higher education will only get costlier and more and more people will fall in the debt cycle. Hopefully people become financially prudent and find better ways of making money rather than depend on big corporations to provide employment.
Civil Engineering in Australia soaked a lot of very good, skilled graduates from Persia, India, China. But then the boom in gas/oil/coal/iron-ore turned to slump, and they got laid off, and their conditional residency ends, and ..