How do free VoIP providers make money?

6 points by 7174n6 ↗ HN
I've tried to find this answer online but can't find an adequate explanation. How do companies that provide free VOIP calling and text like Textnow, Ooma, Pinger ect... make money? Do they sell user information?

2 comments

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Textnow doesn't let you signup without a Facebook, Google or Apple account? that's a bit of a red flag for me.
TextNow offers paid plans and "Upgrade to remove ads or get high speed data" for their mobile solutions.

So a mix of Ad Revenue and Subscription costs I would wager.