Ask HN: Working part-time in tech?

122 points by jazz_from_hell ↗ HN
I would like to drastically reduce my amount of work hours per week.

My dream is to come down to about 15-25 working hours per week.

I don’t mean to work part-time for all of my career. But I would like to have such an arrangement for the coming five years or so.

Has anyone tried this? If so, how did you manage to achieve your goal?

118 comments

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I just asked my manager for a 24 hr work week (3 days on, 4 days off), and they said sure, and the company prorated my salary down.

The company I was working for came out of a university research lab, and so had a culture of PhD students working part time for it, so this was not outside the norm there.

The downside was not getting equity, nor benefits, but I was on my parent's insurance and wasn't too keen on their equity anyway, so this was fine for me.

The other path here might be working somewhere with a culture of fixed goals rather than a time expectation.

For example, many remote companies that operate asynchronously won't expect you to be in the office 40hrs a week, but will expect a certain level of work to be done each week. If you can get that done in 24 rather than 40, then it works out fine for you.

This is why I love remote work. Studies [0] show that most office workers work only 2.5 hours a day on average, with the rest being socializing, procrastinating, surfing the web, and so on. If I can get my work done in 4 hours a day, I'll have done more work and have more free time, since managers in an office expect you to be there for 8 hours a day, but not so for remote.

[0] https://www.inc.com/melanie-curtin/in-an-8-hour-day-the-aver...

Do you work remotely now? If so may I ask how many hours of work you put down on average? (If you rather not share that I totally understand.)
Yeah with coronavirus and all, but I did before as well. Generally it's about 2 hours a day, but I work intensely in those hours. I never go over 4, as a general principle. Again, this isn't really comparable to office hours, as most people don't work non-stop (with short breaks of course) or as intensely, so I do finish much faster than my other in person and colleagues.
Interesting!

I’m curious if this is a silent agreement with your boss or if it’s explicit?

As long as the work gets done, at my company, no one cares how many hours you work.
Cool! How does one find such a great employer? ;-)
You can search remote job boards like RemoteOK.
Every software job I've ever had, has an infinite amount of work that could be done. So somehow I have to justify the amount of work I've gotten done, which is usually less than the amount they 'want' done (which is all of it), and the justification is usually "couldn't spend any more hours on it, literally".
I don't believe 2.5 hours is representative, so please cite these studies. Personally,senior engineers (individual contributors) that I have worked with spend 4-6 hours per day making significant contributions on their own and the other 4-2 hours working/coordinating with their team and sister teams. The only plausible scenario where one can do an acceptable job in 2.5 hours per day is where a senior person is doing the job of an entry level person. For people managers, having effective 2-4 hour days on an ongoing basis are very unlikely in my experience. I am open to be surprised with examples that prove otherwise.
Here is the study I read it from, there might be others. In my experience, yes, it doesn't work for managers, only those who are individual contributors doing programming full time. I doubt however that even the senior managers are coding the entire time for 4 to 6 hours, it is difficult to do so every single day. More likely, you perceive them to be doing that much work since they are present during that time, which is the same reaction I get as well; colleagues and bosses speak of how much work I get done compared to others, yet they don't realize I work a lot fewer hours. It's all about efficiency.

https://www.inc.com/melanie-curtin/in-an-8-hour-day-the-aver...

A specific note about this quote:

> However, this eight-hour movement didn't become standard until nearly a century later, when, in 1914, Ford Motor Company astonished everyone by cutting daily hours down to eight while simultaneously doubling wages. The result? Increased productivity.

What happened was the shift from craftsmen at a workbench to a deskilled assembly line had significant turnover. The cost of training and retention was high enough that Ford instituted the lower working hours and higher wages.

From one of Ford's biographers: “So great was labor’s distaste for the new machine system that toward the close of 1913 every time the company wanted to add 100 men to its factory personnel, it was necessary to hire 963.”

You see this in shipyards during the war war 2 years where once the initial pool of workers is burned out, you need to raise wages to bring in more workers.

The classic study on this topic that everyone loves to cite is "“Constant, Constant, Multi-tasking Craziness”: Managing Multiple Working Spheres", from 2004, where anthropologists observed 14 workers building software, specifically: * Four software engineers * Six analysts (more like a Project Manager) * Four managers (like an Engineering Lead)

What they found is in a ~nine hour day, the people did between ninety minutes to 4 and a half hours a day doing their 'focused work'. You can imagine that project managers are pushing 90 minutes, and the engineers are closer to 5 hours.

All of this is on top of two hours a day chatting with people across cubical walls.

In reading a bunch of these studies, you find small populations, and a focus on law firms and consulting because their work is significantly more legible.

To my ears, 2.5 hours sounds a bit low. But yes, actually productive hours can sometimes be way lower than the wall time.
Interesting. Seems like it also could backfire…? If what is expected to get done needs 40 h.
It also goes against the essence of many companies that want to grow and to do so make everyone more productive. So you want to cash in that productivity but so do they!
Cool! Had you been working there for long before suggesting that?
You can probably do consultant work. Come up with solutions, don't necessarily implement everything or anything yourself. If you try doing everything yourself on a per-hour basis, you put yourself at a massive disadvantage.
Interesting. Do you mean solution architect kind of assignments?
Yes, that is certainly one option.
The easiest way to do this is by becoming a contractor. Your client(s) don't have to know that the other 20 hours a week you're kicking back rather than slaving away on a different client's project.
That’s a very interesting idea.

Any suggestions on what kinds of assignments that would work better or worse in such a setting?

Many of the consultants I’ve seen in IT are more like regular employees except that they are employed buy the consultants. (I.e. they sit in the client’s office 40 h/week.) But I guess there are other ways to do it.

Is there anything you're an expert at? Postgres, Django, React, etc.?

Companies hiring contractors want to pay somebody to "show up" (perhaps virtually) and do the one thing they're an expert at, not waste time getting up to speed or learning on the job.

Figure out what you're an expert in, and contact some recruiting firms that hire for contracting gigs in that area. Explain that your schedule is "half full already" but you'd like to fit something else in, if it's the right opportunity.

That’s a really good phrasing.

I’ve been working mostly in IT and I’m a bit of a generalist. I’ve thought about doing contracting and specialising ”on-the-go”. It could work... but it could also be a bit stressful. I think my current job will allow me to go quite deep in some areas so I might want to hang on to it for a while in order to allow for better opportunities further down the road.

I take this kind of approach but tend to do full-time for a few months then have a month or two off when it ends, depending on how I feel.
Do you make comparable hourly pay to full time work?
Frequently more! Obviously it depends how lucrative your full-time gig is, but a common rule of thumb is that contractors make 2x hourly rate because they have to assume more risks (insurance, retirement, etc.) themselves.
I did this. I wrote tech tutorials. I got paid by hours so it was up to me how long I want to work per week. It's by pure luck I got this job. My friend who worked in a company asked me to help with tech writing.

Sometimes you have to ask: https://twitter.com/shl/status/1300848723182776322

Give us a bit more background (location, work domain, etc.)

For EU/UK market: Contracting. You can get small gigs (but on a low pay) on places like Upwork, or you can get a proper contract with a company that needs hands for 3-6-12 months on a larger project. Some of the Big4 also do contracting work on which you are the back-end (think Service Center) for large IT projects (and/or compliance etc.)

Location is Stockholm, Sweden and I’ve done lots of IT support kind of work, but very recently transitioned to doing more of sysadmin kind of work for a small MSP (Managed Service Provider).
Work a remote job, and finish your work quickly every day.
not that simple when you have people pinging you and asking questions or meetings, etc etc. i mean you can just slack off maybe after doing several hours of deep work, but theres no way you can just log off and go do your own thing without anybody noticing
I mean it depends, we usually do a standup on the morning but in the evening no one usually pings me. I just put Slack and email on my phone, and generally I don't do stuff outside the house during work hours so I can still respond early.
Logging off and not being reachable is entirely a function of expectation management though. It's difficult to go from responding in a minute every time to responding the next day, that's true. But try stretching your response times by 15 minutes per week and give reasonable and unassailable excuses like "I was on the phone with my mother". Pretty soon you will find that expectations about your reachability will change.
Or your coworkers might notice your chronic unavailability and deception.
I tried this and struggled. After taking a break from full-time developer work, I reached out to multiple tech companies via personal referrals. Everyone said that they’d love me full time, but couldn’t have a part-time hire. I got a lot of soft brush-offs to “reach out when you have more availability.”

Out of the blue, however, a former employer reached out to me and offered to hire me for as many (or as few) hours as I could handle, which has worked out to 10-25 a week. It’s been a really nice arrangement that I’ve enjoyed. The catch is that this company is in a completely different industry, with a completely different pay scale than tech. So I’m happy with my job, but wouldn’t be able to support myself on it with part-time hours if I was the only household earner.

I had a similar experience; seeking a job with reduced hours was almost impossible. But working as a contractor for an ex-employer worked out really well.

I'd typically work Monday & Tuesday, take Wednesday off for myself, then do parenting for Thursday & Friday. It was a great way to spend a few months.

Yeah if I decide to try my hand at contracting then reaching out to past employers could be a good idea. After all they know my track record, and I know lots of people there, and I know who to speak with to get things done etc. And they won’t have to explain all the domain-specific knowledge to me.
I hear ya. Many recruiters/bosses simply don’t want to hear anything about part-time work at all. I think that’s a mistake on their end – it could be a major benefit that would make that employer stand out from the crowd. But many companies sadly doesn’t think about it that way.

PS. As someone else mentioned here, and in case you find yourself on the market again: You might want to try to discuss part-time only after receiving a written offer. Then you know for sure that they want to hire you. And then you have some leverage.

Very interesting - I will definitely try that next time.

I agree! Flexible work would be a huge differentiator and I was ready to bend over backwards for it. I’ve heard that many companies won’t consider it because developers are just so darn expensive - it’s not worth it to pay a huge ransom and not get someone’s full attention.

In my experience, you have to negotiate part-time after the verbal "great job, we want to hire you" but before the formal written offer.
I work remote at a startup. I don't think that's a repeatable strategy but it does allow me to work very little hours throughout the week and spend most of my time relaxing with my family. It also helps being decent enough at my job that I can finish a week's worth of work in a couple hours at home. I imagine as the company becomes more mature I'll be working even less than I am now.
Wow. Sounds pretty great. I’ve generally thought of startups as quite stressful work places – might not be the case for all of them though?
I think that if you only do a few hours of actual time working each week, you are deceiving not only your employer but yourself about what is productive and whether you're a good employee.

There are no good metrics for programmer productivity, but spending < 20 hours a week actually switched-on as a full-time employee is obviously a problem, to me.

I honestly doubt any one who says that they are productive for 40 full hours a week, or even 6 hours per day. There's a lot of downtime that employees usually do not notice from a first person perspective. Even still, the goal of IT is first and foremost to empower business goals through technology, one of the main aspects of that is increasing workflow efficiency and throughput of the rest of the business processes - in other words, make good software so the rest of the business doesn't have to work so hard.

I have definitely met workers who I've given a task and they produce sub-average work and, when confronted, give me the spiel about they worked "so many hours on this" and how could I "invalidate the time they spent".

At the end of the day, as long as you are doing the job at the pace I need you to be doing the job, then I don't care if you did it in 1 hour or 8 hours. If you want more work, ask, and if you're spending too much time on a task, then there is a communication problem as a team member should have caught that you were on the wrong track.

In my experience, focusing on hours worked has never produced quality work.

I know I don't hit a full 40 hours of "productive work" each week.

That's different from intentionally deciding to aim for less than that, though.

The goal of work is to intentionally decrease the amount of work you have to do to achieve the same tasks. Why pay you when I can find a person who will do the same work you do in less time?

I think what you're arguing is that employees should always have some work to do, which simply won't be the case in every industry

What I'm saying is that if I manage to build enough tooling to streamline my work so it takes me twenty hours of "at work" time instead of the forty it used to, then under the standard full-time employee arrangements, I have an obligation to use the remaining time for other tasks, like finding a new corner of the company's workflows I can help optimize and streamline.

I've never seen a system that was even close to perfectly designed or optimized. You can always find more to improve.

Yes, there are diminishing returns for any specific corner, and there comes a point when the increase in risk from doing further deployments is not worth the shrinking business gains for optimizing a given corner, but I strongly believe there are always more improvements that can be made, both at a small, focused level and stu the big picture level of what systems should even exist in a given company.

> I have an obligation

You don't though. If you become 40% more productive, you should be paid more. Quietly taking that time as part time hours, instead of staying full time and getting a promotion+raise, is fine.

You are welcome to your opinion, and to your own moral code.

Mine means I do have that obligation.

I suspect many share this aspect of my code, which boils down to "keep your commitments, both explicit and implicit."

Nobody hires a full-time employee expecting that they'll start slacking off once they get the basics of their job going smoothly, and I know that going in (as do most people).

Thus, if I plan to do that, I have to warn them up front that our expectations are likely not aligned.

If I don't want to have that obligation, then I can negotiate up front, or take on the risk of being a consultant or startup founder.

Thought experiment: ask yourself whether you'd hire someone advertising my work ethic or yours, if all other aspects are equal between the candidates.

Then ask yourself why you answered as you did, and which response the market will reward better in hiring.

My reason for this stance is my personal code of ethics, not pragmatism, but I think the pragmatic consideration may clarify my point.

Now ask yourself whether a puritanical work ethic is helpful or harmful to society
What's harmful to society in keeping commitments and being transparent?

Those ideals of mine are what give rise to my standards here.

You put a lot of weight on your morals and work ethic but my point is that those mean nothing to me. I don't care how hard you work to get the job done. Once you're salaried, how efficiently you perform your job is up to you, and what action I take when you don't meet the pace I expect is up to me. When I manage a team, I encourage those on my team to bring up any obstructions or changes they'd want to see to improve the efficiency of their work - past that I don't care as long as they understand the timelines we are working under and if everything is on time, why would I add undue stress to my team?

If timelines become tighter, at that point, and only at that point, would I crack down on efficiency.

>Thought experiment: ask yourself whether you'd hire someone advertising my work ethic or yours, if all other aspects are equal between the candidates.

That's like asking all else being equal, would I hire the person who wore Air Force 1s to the interview or the person who wore chelsea boots. That has nothing to do with your performance of your job and any distinction on that matter is personal preference. The only thing that is important is are you getting the job done on the pace it needs to get done.

At this point you seem like you'd discriminate your employees based on which IDE they were using. If they produced good work, would you care that the most productive person on your team was using Notepad++ to do their job?

Maybe I'm misinterpreting what you're saying.

It sounded to me like you were suggesting an hour or three a day of actually focusing your attention on your workplace is plenty for a full-time, salaried employee.

If that's not what you mean, then I've obviously misunderstood you.

What do you suggest regarding hours of "butt in seat" when WFH? It's a truly wretched metric for productivity, but I think ignoring it entirely is unwise.

I would (and do) encourage my teammates to use whatever editor or IDE they want, as long as it doesn't cause issues for the rest of the team (which I have seen crappy obscure tools do, in one memorable case by converting line endings to classic Mac OS style across many files, but only on edited lines).

> That's like asking all else being equal, would I hire the person who wore Air Force 1s to the interview or the person who wore chelsea boots. That has nothing to do with your performance of your job and any distinction on that matter is personal preference. The only thing that is important is are you getting the job done on the pace it needs to get done.

Whether a candidate thinks they should put in 8 hours a day vs. two or four, if that's all their current task takes, is directly relevant to how effective an employee they will be.

It is not at all like what kind of shoes they wore to the interview, which is indeed unrelated to their technical skills or workplace conduct.

As far as ethics or working hard mattering, I think of them as necessary but not sufficient. If I have a great work ethic and bust my butt but do not achieve anything, I'm a poor employee.

When I have a task estimated at four hours but it takes me two, I don't think "Sweet, HN until lunchtime," I grab the next thing off the stack.

Like I said, perhaps I'm not understanding what you're trying to describe.

It depends on the work you are doing and how good your team is at managing what needs to get done. We know who our clients are, what features they want, and how to think about adding those features in. That's pretty much all you need to focus on when it comes to software. We make sure to bring in and keep those who understand those core facets of the business and understand what should be a priority and what shouldn't.

In startups that become stressful, the main problem I have seen is an ungrounded management team that doesn't quite know what they want the business to look like in 5 years, so every other week - surprise! We've got a new client and they want X, Y and Z by tomorrow, so get working! - that never results in low-stress work.

It's certainly possible. Some people do it in my company. Either working part-time, or contracting. A lot of things are possible, but it depends on how hard you're willing to try, and how valuable you are for your employer.
Yeah it could perhaps be easier if I manage to transition to a niche (or two) that is in high and stable demand.
I work 4 days on, 3 off. Not quite what you’re looking for, but along the same lines.

Has been no issue at all. Never has been.

What I do see with my 3on/4off colleagues (usually students) is that they lack any sort of continuity in their work. Not enough time to tackle larger problems in one go and always missing out on how the smaller pieces fit together. On top of that a lot off friction when handing things off, etc.

Surely it can be done better, etc etc.

I do this currently. I was working at Google and left. I wanted more time off since I have enough money to not grind, but still need to pay rent. Basically personal project time.

I ended up at a small company that had additional hours but not enough for a full time employee. I'm now part time across three DARPA contracts. It was really just luck, a friend reached out and asked if I was interested.

Everywhere else I was talking to was just pushing unlimited PTO policies. I wanted explicit acknowledgement about how much vacation I'd take and that was hard to get.

I know people at Google went to part time. You probably just need to ask. My route was definitely finding a place that needed a worker but didn't have enough work for full time.

Yeah I’ve been thinking about joining a small company like that. But they can be quite hard to find since they generally don’t put up any job postings. Congratulations to finding one! :)
I work 24h/w (TWT) for my employer. I did this by... saying that's what I could do when they offered me the job. (There are some specific personal circumstances that prevent me from taking full time work.) And sure, it does limit you; a lot of places demur, but not everyone. For sure my small company are happy to have me. Of course they are: they get a massive bargain. I am prorata so they get a developer for janitor wages and still everything gets done. Who wouldn't be happy with that deal?
I work at $BIGCO, 3 days on, 4 days off, 2 of which I usually spend learning tech and non-tech related things and/or working on side-projects I'm interested in.

I think there are multiple reasons why I was allowed to do this:

A) I'm working on a stable, long-term project. So there were no objections by colleagues that this might impede short-term progress (and, as a side note, I think I'm far more productive now than previously).

B) My manager is a reasonable and kind person. I know other managers at $BIGCO who, I'm sure, would have objected.

Contracting is your best bet.

I set my own hours + fully remote. Typically about 2-3h of team meetings (sprint kickoff, retro, grooming etc) a week. Rest of time is off on your own dev work.

Bill by the hour. As long as you work predictable amount of hours, you can do 20h or 60h week.

How much time do you spend with nonbillable work like lining up clients? I've always been interested in contracting but not really felt like I knew how to get started.
It's possible. If not an option for the company you're working for at the moment look for other companies with openings for 80% or 60% of effort. I am currently working 80% (4 days per week) after almost 1 year at 60% (3 days per week).

Good luck!

Been doing this for 6 months (50% time), and loving it. In my case, a former employer reached out and asked if I’d like to work part time. I’ve got a friend who’s working 2 full time gigs; 15hours each. He’s more productive than his peers in each company, and only puts in a fraction of the hours. If you deliver high value, you can negotiate.
Yeah it would probably help if I get better at identifying work that is actually high-value. It’s kinda easy to fall in to the trap of doing busywork that demands lots of hours but doesn’t really produce so much value.
Have never tried it. But have been on the other side of the situation looking to hire developers half time.

Look for small companies. Startups, small businesses, anyone who needs a developer but can't afford a full time employee. This can especially work out if you are a senior developer whose 20 hours are often more valuable than 40 hours of a junior dev.

I don't work part-time at the moment but have before and have part-time positions currently hiring for in my team and I manage part time employees and have before.

It's not unheard of just uncommon.

The biggest drawback is that you feel less belonging and you aren't always there for all the decisions. At certain times I am OK with that.

I just (4th week tomorrow) started a similar thing with my company.

I work 16 hours / week and am on a support rotation (albeit 3rd tier). I only cover unplanned work on weekends. I took a 60% pay cut but keep all my pre-existing benefits.

So far it has been wonderful for my mental health, although with social distancing and the pandy it certainly has been difficult to keep busy some days. I am passively looking for supplemental work as I don't make enough to deposit into my savings. I imagine as winter rolls in this will be a necessity to stay busy/sane.

In the meantime, though, I have picked up lots of cooking, baking, and work on some personal coding projects. I have also been focusing much more of my time on art, which is really awesome! It's too early to tell but this might end up a more permanent situation for me (if not at the current company then maybe at the next one?).

I think this has also made me more productive at my job. I have 16 hours this week - what NEEDS to get done? What is a nice to have? Constraints are wonderful for productivity.

Sounds great and kudos to you for trying an alternative to the rat race!

Was it hard to negotiate or was your employer positive to the idea from the beginning?

I've been doing 20 hours per week (Mon-Wed) remote for nearly 3 years and I absolutely love it. I'm at a $bigco and worked there for 10 years before changing to this part time arrangement.

I believe it's harder to do for small companies due to legal/tax reasons (something about less than 32 hours complicates things a lot although I don't know the details why).

The "simple" solution is to be good enough that you have the bargaining leverage to propose it and make it an ultimatum. Other ideas:

* Grind in a project for some years and become indispensable and then propose it.

* Propose it as an experiment for 6 months.

* Create an "excuse" of why you need the extra time such as pursuing an M.S./PhD.

Yeah maybe it is easier to achieve in large companies...? They will anyway need to employ lots of people since they are large. Whereas growing the headcount might not always be that easy for small companies.

So far I have mostly worked for small companies. So I might want to consider working for larger ones.

Also, thank you for suggesting multiple strategies. All angles need to be considered (^_^)

Create an "excuse" of why you need the extra time such as pursuing an M.S./PhD.

Having kids. Serves also as a pressure upon you to actually seek part-time instead of just procrastinating about it.

I believe it's harder to do for small companies due to legal/tax reasons (something about less than 32 hours complicates things a lot although I don't know the details why).

Not a US resident, but FWIW many countries because of redistribution schemes need to categorize people by whether they are a) principally employed or b) self-employed.

Hours worked for a/b are a common denominator for this. It's likely that depending on the regulatory environment smaller companies when given the chance will always opt for the candidate with less HR department overhead.

My understanding is it's complicated because of benefits. 32 hours is considered full time by my employer's insurance company, any less is part time. You can pro-rate salary, but benefits are mostly either there or not.
I transitioned from FTE to ~25 hours per week as a contractor and it definitely works for my situation.

If you go this route, make sure when you calculate your rate that you build-in the benefits such as paid leave, health insurance, lunch break, and company holidays. The number might seem high but you can justify it.

We arranged a deal where I work between 0 and 40 hours per week, with the option to work more hours with approval.

Also you might enjoy The Four Hour Work Week by Tim Ferriss

Cool!

I’ve heard about Ferriss book but haven’t read it. Is it good?

A bit more than you're aiming for, but from anecdata I heard, it's relatively popular and accepted in Switzerland to work 4 days a week in IT.

In other countries I'm aware of it's probably not that common, except when you're really senior in your domain and have unique skills.

I've sent you an email re:part time work :)
As other people have said, you can negotiate for this. I've done it at multiple jobs. Here's an interview with someone who has been doing it for 15 years: https://codewithoutrules.com/2018/01/08/part-time-programmer...

1. It's easier at existing job; you have all this knowledge that's hard to replace (https://codewithoutrules.com/2019/01/25/4-day-workweek-easy-...).

2. At new jobs, apply normally. Then _after_ you get an offer, ask for shorter hours.

3. I wrote a book about the process; it's no longer public linked on my site because pandemic has lowered negotiation leverage a lot and I'm not sure how to address that, but if you're interested: https://codewithoutrules.com/3dayweekend/

Having been a engineering manager before, it would put an extremely bad taste in my mouth if someone waited until the offer stage to ask for a part time role.
I can understand why you feel that way. But many companies simply doesn’t want to talk to people who wants to work part-time. (As in ”don’t call us, we’ll call you”.) So even if it might seem pushy to negotiate like that, at least to me it’s understandable.
It also has the potential to waste your time and theirs. I wouldn't call it pushy as much as borderline deceptive.
Unless the employer posts the salary up front, they are bring deceptive too.
While that is valid, two wrongs don't make a right.
Yes. I just explained that wish when I was hired. I was not the most important engineer on the team, doing frontend (not in JS/HTML sense, just in UI sense) work for a project where most of the work was in the backend, and it was an easy sell.

Ended up divorcing my wife after spending 4 days a week at home with her, so wouldn't recommend it, but no professional problems.