Ask HN: How are modern servers designed?

Hi HN,

I have been working as a linux sysadmin for a couple of months. Most of the systems I support day by day are VMs running on SLES 11 and everything was fine by me, I just agreed on how things should work until I started to follow all these "new" buzzword technologies like containers, kubernetes, serverless, etc.

Now I'm thinking about to propose to my employer to build more modern systems as this seems to be the future that everyone will end up in. But I do not have enough knowledge about these things, and I do not know how "modern systems" should look and work.

Please, if you have experience in this area, help me get out of the darkness by explaining how everything works, or by recommending some sources where I can get such knowledge.

Thank you.