Ask HN: What kind of electronics would you stockpile for doomsday?

47 points by varjag ↗ HN
We are all dependent on electronics in modern life, from stuff found in our appliances and cars to entertainment. Given the ever increasing potential for disintegration of global supply chain, what would be your choices for hypothetical technological prepping? Microcontroller boards? Power electronics? RF?

75 comments

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Huh, that's a really interesting question. I've never really considered the idea of "technological prepping" even though I might - to a small degree - self identify as something of a "prepper" in the general sense.

Part of it depends on that threat scenario you are prepping for. For example "disintegration of global supply chain" absent some more generalized sort of disaster resulting in the collapse of advanced society (eg, rise of the zombies, meteor strike, etc.) is one thing, where the more generalized disaster "SHTF" scenarios might call for different tactics.

For example... if you're worried about a more general "collapse of society" model, then it seems clear that simply having access to electricity at all would be a key thing to consider. So one might want to focus on batteries, solar cells, wire/cable, power electronics, etc., that would be required to get some juice available at all.

But something like a further decline of today's (largely pandemic created?) supply chain disruptions, where society is mostly intact, the power grid is up, etc. is a different question. What's the goal, commercial production of products for profit? The ability to repair commonly used household devices if they break? The ability to create innovative new devices from scratch?

The "repair parts stash" scenario seems to me as maybe the most likely one to be useful. So it seems like you'd want plenty of commonly used passives in wide range of values, a ton of "jelly bean" IC's, transistors, etc., probably transformers, fuses, etc. Microprocessors get tricky because there are so many out there. One might also want to tailor a stash based on doing tear-downs of the exact devices they own and pre-identify what parts would be needed.

Wow... I dunno. The more I think about this, the more it seems like a huge rabbit-hole to go down. In a good way, of course. It's just that there are so many parts that could be useful, it starts to get hard to figure out how to filter the list down.

Assuming you have an electrical source like chemical batteries, mechanical generators or even solar cells,

With copper wire & iron you can have a telegraph.

With vacuum tube transceivers you get wireless.

You just have to stockpile a lot more tubes than radios.

Just in case you want to go big, telegraphs would require a huge pile of copper compared to what you could do with a single truckload of radios & tubes.

If it does turn out to take a really long time for certain doom to finally arrive, rest assured it's proven this technology can reliably be built to last a century, and still operate even if it gets hammered by nuclear EMP. From a safe enough distance of course.

If nothing else stockpile the tubes, everything else could be much more easily recovered from scratch.

Discrete stuff, 74 series, a bunch of 8 bit hole through CPUs, piles of CMOS static ram embedded in foam and alu foil, a bunch of 8 bit eproms, resistors and caps assortments, power transistors (2n3055, BD135), tons of fiberglass hole and strip board. Possibly a bunch of Microchip embedded controllers, And if I were worried about EMPs I'd keep a stack of ECC81s around. You can drive those straight of a bunch of solar panels if you're not too critical about plate voltage, but you'll need a beefy 6.3V supply for the filaments if you plan on building something a bit larger.

The rest of the parts you need can likely be salvaged from old junk.

anything electronic would need some way of powering the device

personally I would stockpile power electronics / transformers / copper wire and magnets, and be the guy who can generate and then convert power from anything to anything

A high quality, huge storage volume, dedicated music player like the Sony NW-A55 stockpiled with all the music I want to share w my doomsday grandkids. Nice headphones and file backups too. Would hoard beloved media in general.
I've been doing this for a while. You should find a cheap whole stack, computer, os, source code, solar cell, battery, and seal them in a galvanized trashcan with metallic HVAC tape around the lid. This will protect it from high frequency EMP bursts in the upper atmosphere from multimegaton infastructure disruption weapons. Other things you may want to add is a soeks dosimeter..

Laptop computers with a core 2 duo are quite cheap and often come with enough memory to be considerble computers. Take all your home movies and run them through ffmpeg to make them run smooth on old hardware. Find a bunch of videos about making food, soap, how to make a gassifier, grain mill.. think creatively. It is almost time. You know it. That is why you are posting this.

One last thing, radioactivity destroys electronics fast. Radioactivity will destroy all those things anyway if you are near a primary target or downwind from one. I don't recommend burying a trashcan but having it in a basement might help.
An curious: _why_ are you doing this?
> It is almost time. You know it. That is why you are posting this.
Time for what? That's my point of the above question: why?
Just some bearded guy running his mouth off probably.
He believes that some catastrophic event will happen soon that wipes out civilisation (e.g. nuclear war or pandemic 1000x as lethal as COVID).

Google "prepper". There's a whole community out there of people who prepared for the absolute worst.

Or watch the NatGeo series Doomsday Preppers and learn how families who will perish within days because of diabetes spend tens of thousands on “tactical” gear and then run out of breath walking up a flight of stairs.
I never said prepping was rational - just that people did it. :)
Part Italian, part Ohioan. I have the genes and environment to make me crazy!
There are for sure some disconnected preppers. The rest of us focus on our bodies first and foremost. One of my goals for the last decade has been to stock up and be able to create things that society depends on. Reverse engineering RX has been the hardest part for me. It has been a fun learning exercise.

I witness a funny side effect of focusing on the body almost daily. I live in snow country. The locals here are bundled up in layers of sweaters, jackets, scarfs, hats. I am just wearing a t-shirt and they look at me like I'm an alien.

I want to try making multilayered clothing interlayered with mylar.
Those people were chosen for a TV program, not because they are effective preppers, but because it would make good entertainment. Good preppers will never tell you they are preppers.
Probably for future posterity. Like a gift to the future. The antikythera mechanism was from a long lost era probably the atlanteans. At least a computer can store audio and visual information. I don't expect anything we preserve to be good for that long..
As a backup to the computer one could also print out important documents and photos then vacuum seal them. There are sites that discuss how to preserve documents for a very long time. Data backups with parity data and parity .par volumes can be written to DVD.
I just pulled out a pc from a barrel that was non functional because of a dead button cell. Laptops shouldn't have that issue.
If your laptop battery isn't removable, it may be unable to boot if the battery cell has died, even when connected to AC.

Plus, laptops very much do have internal button cells and typically will either throw an error when booting or require a complete reinstall of the OS if something happened to the encryption key system along the way.

Might want to have a linux install media (DVD + USB stick) available just in case.

Perhaps going a couple orders of magnitude up in supply disruption to what we’ve seen in the pandemic would be a realistic worst case. So looking at multi year disruption of key components and hugely inflated prices for new and second hand.

To mitigate that I’d have some cheap easy to store replacements at hand as insurance. Things like raspberry pis, spare phone, camping style equipment, bike, car parts etc.

We also had a gas price squeeze in Europe that possibly had political motivations, so some renewable fuel source would be useful.

Besides other things listed here, One hf, one v/uhf dual band ham radio and lots of cable.
Whatever I do, I'd definitely include a device with OsmAnd, and keep the maps updated. I could hardly survive the apocalypse without good maps. A backup of Wikipedia would also be very useful.

I'd add a few thousand books since they use little storage space.

I'd probably use regular phones like a Pixel 5, a few user-repairable laptops, and lots of USB-C cables and chargers. I'd make sure to have the means to keep them charged off-grid.

That ought to be enough. It's barely more than what I pack on long distance motorcycle trips.

Just a side note that, electronics are good and all, but stockpile printed matter also. You can fit a lot of vital knowledge that you can access without electricity in a very reasonable amount of space with the aid of small print, a simple magnifying glass, and some plastic bags, painted glass jars, and/or lamination for protection from water and light
Vacuum sealer makes a good laminator in a pinch as well.
Are you talking like doomsday or zombie apocalypse prepping? Hm... In addition to what others have said:

- a few solar powered calculators

- several walkie talkies and a way to power them

- wind up flashlights

- repair equipment (soldering iron, wire cutters, wire, etc)

Would a lead box shield those from an EMP? If so, then put those in a lead box in a basement or something

I wasn't really thinking stuff like asteroid impact or nuclear war. More like invasion of Taiwan which at this point is (IMO) 50:50 and ripple effects from that. Fabpocalypse if you will. No products possible to make at post-1970s design levels, even though expertise is still in place.
>doomsday or zombie apocalypse prepping?

>asteroid impact or nuclear war. >invasion of Taiwan >Fabpocalypse

Thanks for reminding me.

I think with threat levels increasing people are going to have to tailor their prepping according to more than one type of expected apocalypse.

None.

Anything approaching a "true" doomsday would be absolute hell on Earth and I'd be ready to die. I live with a chronic illness and honestly doubt my medications would be available.

If society did crumble in the way that many fantasize about, I'd be seeing myself out pretty quickly.

Other than a flashlight and a Casio watch that runs for a decade electronics would be off my list if I were to worry about doomsday scenarios, which I don’t. That’s just another fantasy land to obsess over. I can survive without a computer or cell phone or the internet. I would be much more concerned about water, food, medicine/first aid. We aren’t really dependent on modern technology. I can imagine continuing to live just fine without any of it.
One of the things I think about is how do you make stuff in the apocalypse?

Take soap for instance. People have made soap since the dawn of time - you just need fat and lye. But how do you actually.. do it?

For that you need instructions, which means either a library of books vulnerable to all sorts of ills, or a collection of pdfs and movies. If you go the digital route you need some kind of viewer.

If you do it a couple times the process is easy to remember. A recipe can be written down. If you remember the basics you can make up the recipe as you go and check pH with strips or the zap test (and hope you weren't too heavy on the lye!). Many other basic things are similar. After all, they were inveted/perfected with ancient tech/resources.

There are plenty of other things that would be more difficult make, source, or do. How do you preserve food to modern standards if you don't have canning lids and can't make them, refrigerators don't work (some climates might not matter as much), or a local salt/nitrites source? Fermenting is one way, but doesn't work for everything.

To survive you probably need to be part of a larger community anyway, and someone will know how and can do it at reasonable scale. And you would need that scale to be able to get enough resources.
If you're in a situation where it's feasible to make soap, you won't need to worry about it. You'll either be in a stable community or safely isolated. In any other circumstance, soap won't be on your mind.

In a society with soap-making potential (this is a fun categorisation) you'll need materials and capability. If you're in that situation, I sincerely doubt PDFs are going to be useful unless they've already been printed and/or frequently discussed, i.e. books and stories.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs may have issues, but it's surely a useful heuristic.

Soap isn’t what I would consider a necessity. If you survive the looters taking all the soap from dark grocery stores you can probably find someone who knows how to make soap. Until then you can bathe in water, assuming you can find clean water to spare, because drinking water is more valuable than bathing water.

Pretty much everything you need to get by in the imaginary post-apocalypse world (which will be littered with consumer goods for a long time) you can find the Boy Scouts Handbook. The normal human solution to not knowing how to do or make something (historically) is to find someone who does and partner or barter with them. Trying to collect and carry around all of the world’s knowledge seems the least plausible way to go.

Like 95% of modern industrial processes aren't described in a reproducible manner anywhere in the open, as far as i can tell. I find that a great shame.
I wonder if Encyclopedia Britannica sets will be getting dug out if information like this is needed in a non-digital way.

They are a wealth of information and quite common through to ~20 years ago. I imagine sets of these will remain somewhat common for another 100 years in peoples garages or on display etc.

These are the exact same 2 things that came to my mind when I read the title.

Whoever thinks of Anything else, has never lived in the wild and will definitely be the first ones to die.

From watching Doomsday Preppers I know that just weeks into the apocalypse I can gather up all the guns and ammo and chickens I need from the dead obese preppers who ran out of insulin.
Power and water are probably the first to go, so..

- Solar panels, batteries, inverters. - Water purification

Nobody's mentioning what I think should be obvious - a table saw, an impact drill with kilograms of sorted bits, whatever stuff you need for welding.

Soldering equipment + as many schematics of the PCB based stuff I own with enough spare parts to drown in. Kilograms of copper wire.

If there's no weight and space limit on this question, I'd get a car lift too. I really doubt that anyone would be in dire need of my sick ability to manually inject a DLL into the memory of a process if they were eating each other.

If EMP were to hit (by solar flare, nuclear, or weapon) then I would want nothing but Solar panels, LEDs, heating coils, wires, wires, and wires.

Can make soldering iron, flashlights, and heater with it. Everything else can fall in place.

Might not hurt to have a solar-powered calculator.

The PV on the roof probably wont help anymore after am EMP. So you‘d need the whole package incl water purifier also in a shielded box
I think the PV would be fine, but the charge controllers, anything that uses a coil, might be fried.

EMP's create huge discharges in coils, that's how they "fry" electronics and cars and motors and the more sensitive chips attached to said coils.

Depends on the scenario. Probably no point in stockpiling stuff. Stuff you normally use is probably sufficient. My guess is only a few scenarios would ruin non-sheilded tech and leave you alive. Especially if networks/infrastructure are fried, you're probably better off getting low tech alternatives.
You'd want a mod chipped gaming console with a pirate game collection. (Don't double this onto a PC)

If you are thinking in the years, you need more than food and water. The ability to bunker down in a limited space for long periods matters, and it's good barter.

Obviously comms and emergency lights and all the standard stuff comes first, Doomsday probably will last months not years, but not necessarily, for instance looking at something like the war in Tigray it's up to a year now.

It's interesting how difficult it is to think of anything. Not much of that stuff keeps you warm, or fed, or safe. Maybe some battery Christmas lights to make Christmas a little less depressing.
Just a comment. You have to expect that at some point you may become invalid or disabled to some degree. Although you may not need stuff now, make sure you keep a set of reading glasses or short sight glasses. A walking cane. Look after your teeth! Flossing equipment. Lots of toothbrushes. Tonnes of suncream.
books on herbal medicine and herbs classification

survival guide and venom antidotes

rock classification and identification guides

chemistry and physics advanced books

civil engineering books

seeds

metal equipments, knifes, wires, pans, ...

rechargable batteries

solar panels

satellite phone

radios receiver and transmitters

more wires...

dried fruits and cured meat

antibiotics and desanitizing chemicals

compass, map with geological features, gps if that still works, pick up trucks, drill machines, saws, axes, rubber pipes bundles, nails, eye glasses, insulin/thyroid medicines years worth of supply, fertilizer, ....