So are the mp3 files not the same as what the author uploaded? I could imagine weird organization for tracks from the service but for self-uploaded data I would be surprised if they didn't just give them back the same.
The article never mentioned how this showed up in the GPM app itself which feels lacking.
Otherwise a nice article but it reminds me why I long ago gave up on media metadata organization. So much work, so much mess...
In the case of lossless files, the takeout files are empathically not the same files that were uploaded. Google Music would allow a user to upload lossless FLAC files, but internally it converted them to 320 kpbs MP3 files. So, GPM certainly transcoded a portion of uploaded files. I'm not sure to what extent it left files alone if they met Google's formatting specifications. Perhaps someone else knows.
I don't think they did very much leaving things alone. One of my biggest problems with GPM was that my uploads would seemingly get de-duplicated alongside some other record that wasn't exactly the same, like a reissue or a remaster of the same record that sounded noticeably different. Sometimes an album I uploaded would gain a mysterious bonus track. They also at some point hosed up the whole system in such a way that many of my records contained every track twice, which meant I had to make playlists out of my old albums just to remove the even-numbered tracks and make it listenable again.
If you takeout from YTM it says your music files are "Your originally uploaded audio file" which is nice. Since music in YTM may have been migrated from GPM, that seems to imply that GPM retained the originals.
When they shut down GPM I migrated to YTM, which doesn't seem to have these specific catalog problems. I also just re-organized my local copy of my FLACs using MusicBrainz Picard. Unlike this author I no longer have the giant wall of CDs!
IIRC, GPM stored user uploads in MP3. If you uploaded a non-MP3 file, it was transcoded into a MP3 during upload. It is this file that GPM takeout is providing.
Separate from that, GPM matched your uploaded MP3 file against the service music corpus, and if there was a match, the service streamed the canonical version. Originally the streaming service used 320 kbps MP3, but later the service switched to 256 kbps AAC. GPM takeout does not provide the canonical version.
Great post, for this pipeline I would have probably used a makefile for the batch pipeline instead of airflow just to keep it simple. I would also make my sink a SQLite database so that you can easily search through it with a web interface using datasette.
For the places where bash was used I would just use python and any cli tools you want to call I just use subprocess. It’s much simpler and I can run the scripts in a repl and execute cells in Jupyter or just normal pycharm so its quick and interactive.
Love that you included something on building a data dictionary, I am honestly guilty of in the past not including a good data dictionary for the source data. I would just leave in the output of df.describe() or df.info() at the top of the jupyter notebook where you restructure the source data before processing it. I now think you should include and save as a CSV a data dictionary of the source data and the final data as it’s more maintainable or at least leave a comment in your script.
Otherwise everything else is pretty similar to what I would do, I just went to my google takeout and apparently all my google play data and songs are gone so I guess I can’t try this myself…
My first thought was also "why not SQLite?", but the author says he already has a MariaDB running. So, using the tools you know.
I guess it is the same for make vs airflow. I had no idea they could be used interchangeably for single machine workloads.
While I've seen datasette mentioned a lot of places, I still don't really know what it is, but if it makes exploring sqlite databases easy, I should give it a try!
The SQLite, pandas, bash, make stack for quick data science projects is a great and maintainable one that doesn’t require too much specialized knowledge.
Great read on Jupyter Notebooks. I've always had a strong dislike for them as well - just feel fuzzy, dirty, often in weird state - and the user put it into words nicely. I might just be bad with Jupyter, but I've been willing to mold these notebooks into saner forms (modularization, keeping state, deterministic cell order/content/execution) and came up empty.
At some point you got to ask if it's not the tool's fault. Modularization especially is infuriating -- it seems there is no reliable way to rerun `import myownmodule` when work is done on the latter. It won't detect changed code. A kernel restart is necessary (`reload` and friends didn't help), losing all state. It's punishment for saner software engineering practices.
You are absolutely right I have taken to referring to that as “notebook code.”
I love jupyter because its a great interactive programming environment that speeds up building scripts. But jupyter notebooks always end up being…notebooks. They are records of past work and thoughts that I had but I wouldn't present my paper notes to a coworker as finished documentation. I always end up extracting those jupyter snippets into runnable scripts and then I end up doing a lot of the work all over again as I parameterize things.
You get the interactivity of jupyter with the cells, the scientific view for plots and data, but you’re also writing a real script so you can still maintain some sanity in your code and good git history (and hopefully add some tests).
Then I combine these scripts together into a makefile and voila quick, easy and maintainable scripts. If you just stick to make, python, pandas and bash any programmer can modify your pipeline without needing specialist skills. I have written scrapers + ETL in <1.5 hour (journalist needed some data quick) with this method.
God I wish I still worked in data science I’m currently a front end dev and don’t get to do any of this at work. It’s such fun and offers so much room for creativity and problem solving.
I think notebooks are great for building a presentation / reports of a data exploration, but I agree that they shouldn't represent programs.
Rstudio won't export an R-markdown notebook to PDF without rerunning all cells sequentially. It's great for keeping the code "in check", but for things that takes hours to run, it can be quite annoying.
I do think most of the problems with notebooks go away if you somehow force sequential running before presenting it to other people.
Another really cool take on notebooks are Julia's Pluto Notebooks. Like a spreadsheet, there is no sequence that cells are run in. Everything is updated simultaneously. It's kinda hard to explain, but the JuliacCn presentation on these is absolutely wonderful: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IAF8DjrQSSk
makefiles in general are something that I quite frankly never figured people use with anything (forgive me for saying it) but "old-school C"... but I started using them earlier this year (the linked article is from Feb) after finding a makefile in a Python GitHub repo. I've since created one for most of my Python and go repositories and they've been a great tool. It has, however, not occurred to me to use them in place of actual pipelines (as the linked comments suggest), so I'll definitely try this soon, thanks!
That being said, a lot of what I do on my blog is stuff I don't get to do at work - Airflow being one of those things that has been "abstracted away from me" for too long...
I use SQLite quite a bit and I think it's fantastic, especially since Hipp seems to be a wonderful guy (judging by The Changelog podcast).
And you're right - use the tools you know and have running. I have all sorts of schemas and tables on that old instance, since I tend to use it if I need "anything SQL" - when I'm at home, is it as easy as using SQLite. My latest article used Trino and Hadoop-adjacent stuff... while fascinating it its own right, sometimes it's nice to just say "jdcb:// ..." :)
> The script should be decently self-explanatory [...] Please note that this is all single-threaded, which I don’t recommend - with nohup and the like, you can trivially parallelize this.
How do you parallelize a loop in bash without getting all the echo's intertwined and jumbled together?
In general, you can partition the loop to delegate to "workers" and have each instance pipe the output to different files, each corresponding to an output stream. This avoids the need for mutual exclusion around your output streams. If you need to aggregate logs then run some log aggregator.
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[ 5.4 ms ] story [ 58.1 ms ] threadThe article never mentioned how this showed up in the GPM app itself which feels lacking.
Otherwise a nice article but it reminds me why I long ago gave up on media metadata organization. So much work, so much mess...
If you takeout from YTM it says your music files are "Your originally uploaded audio file" which is nice. Since music in YTM may have been migrated from GPM, that seems to imply that GPM retained the originals.
When they shut down GPM I migrated to YTM, which doesn't seem to have these specific catalog problems. I also just re-organized my local copy of my FLACs using MusicBrainz Picard. Unlike this author I no longer have the giant wall of CDs!
Separate from that, GPM matched your uploaded MP3 file against the service music corpus, and if there was a match, the service streamed the canonical version. Originally the streaming service used 320 kbps MP3, but later the service switched to 256 kbps AAC. GPM takeout does not provide the canonical version.
For the places where bash was used I would just use python and any cli tools you want to call I just use subprocess. It’s much simpler and I can run the scripts in a repl and execute cells in Jupyter or just normal pycharm so its quick and interactive.
Love that you included something on building a data dictionary, I am honestly guilty of in the past not including a good data dictionary for the source data. I would just leave in the output of df.describe() or df.info() at the top of the jupyter notebook where you restructure the source data before processing it. I now think you should include and save as a CSV a data dictionary of the source data and the final data as it’s more maintainable or at least leave a comment in your script.
Otherwise everything else is pretty similar to what I would do, I just went to my google takeout and apparently all my google play data and songs are gone so I guess I can’t try this myself…
I guess it is the same for make vs airflow. I had no idea they could be used interchangeably for single machine workloads.
While I've seen datasette mentioned a lot of places, I still don't really know what it is, but if it makes exploring sqlite databases easy, I should give it a try!
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22283368
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18896204
I personally learned it from bioinformaticians theres great coverage of this and other command line data skills in this book: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/bioinformatics-data-ski...
The SQLite, pandas, bash, make stack for quick data science projects is a great and maintainable one that doesn’t require too much specialized knowledge.
At some point you got to ask if it's not the tool's fault. Modularization especially is infuriating -- it seems there is no reliable way to rerun `import myownmodule` when work is done on the latter. It won't detect changed code. A kernel restart is necessary (`reload` and friends didn't help), losing all state. It's punishment for saner software engineering practices.
I love jupyter because its a great interactive programming environment that speeds up building scripts. But jupyter notebooks always end up being…notebooks. They are records of past work and thoughts that I had but I wouldn't present my paper notes to a coworker as finished documentation. I always end up extracting those jupyter snippets into runnable scripts and then I end up doing a lot of the work all over again as I parameterize things.
I have taken to using pycharm scientific mode and adding “cells” into my scripts: https://blog.jetbrains.com/pycharm/2018/04/pycharm-scientifi...
You get the interactivity of jupyter with the cells, the scientific view for plots and data, but you’re also writing a real script so you can still maintain some sanity in your code and good git history (and hopefully add some tests).
Then I combine these scripts together into a makefile and voila quick, easy and maintainable scripts. If you just stick to make, python, pandas and bash any programmer can modify your pipeline without needing specialist skills. I have written scrapers + ETL in <1.5 hour (journalist needed some data quick) with this method.
God I wish I still worked in data science I’m currently a front end dev and don’t get to do any of this at work. It’s such fun and offers so much room for creativity and problem solving.
Rstudio won't export an R-markdown notebook to PDF without rerunning all cells sequentially. It's great for keeping the code "in check", but for things that takes hours to run, it can be quite annoying.
I do think most of the problems with notebooks go away if you somehow force sequential running before presenting it to other people.
Another really cool take on notebooks are Julia's Pluto Notebooks. Like a spreadsheet, there is no sequence that cells are run in. Everything is updated simultaneously. It's kinda hard to explain, but the JuliacCn presentation on these is absolutely wonderful: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IAF8DjrQSSk
That being said, a lot of what I do on my blog is stuff I don't get to do at work - Airflow being one of those things that has been "abstracted away from me" for too long...
And you're right - use the tools you know and have running. I have all sorts of schemas and tables on that old instance, since I tend to use it if I need "anything SQL" - when I'm at home, is it as easy as using SQLite. My latest article used Trino and Hadoop-adjacent stuff... while fascinating it its own right, sometimes it's nice to just say "jdcb:// ..." :)
How do you parallelize a loop in bash without getting all the echo's intertwined and jumbled together?
If you don't use nohup, you can just pipe stdout and err to a different file descriptor for logs within said loop.
Or, of course, script something in a language of your choice.