Ask HN: How do small companies do recruitment?

140 points by lbriner ↗ HN
I am based in the UK and find it hard to find good developers/designers/product people. Although we advertise on our web site, unless people are looking quite specifically, they are unlikely to find the adverts (unlike FANGs which would attract candidates directly).

Also, Recruiters tend to be a poor and expensive solution. It is hard to tell the good from those who just claim to be good and we get a lot of noise from them. Also, I'm not sure that the best candidates just call a random recruiter to find them a job.

What are others doing to both find jobs and to recruit?

147 comments

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Never done any recruiting, but here something I have noticed in recruitment efforts.

Figure out what you really need and how "good" is defined.

Good is contextual. My past company spent a lot of time on system design interviewing. Here is the problem. We didn't build anything close to a complex system. We created demos to show off to clients as MVPs. So we left positions open for months until we found the perfect person and they didn't want to join/did not stay as they wouldn't actually use those skills.

Said past company also wanted "product minded people", something in my own background. Devs had no influence on the product there. Yet they waited for people like myself to come along.

A job before that leetcoded. Nobody currently there could pass the leetcode. The dev doing the interview had never even seen a tree in production at any company. We certainly didn't care internally as the database was so small and it was a Scrum team focused on shipping tickets. But we kept reposting the job and then had to eventually just take a candidate (if you could solve a tree leetcode, you would not work at this place).

I love this story.
I have plenty more like it. This isn't an exclusively software dev problem either. It is just that you can't get away with asking for everything when hiring devs.
Finance roles - programming experience required preferably c++. Draw out recruiting because feel that the experience the candidate had wasnt super top notch.

Day one; here is an excel spreadsheet - type in the new numbers every day please.

'Figure out what you really need and how "good" is defined.'

That would be ideal, but as a candidate, have you ever really met a company that knew what they wanted?

No, but that is part of the reason every company is having so much difficulty right now.
In previous companies, the most effective way seemed to be the network, i.e., asking current employees if they knew someone interested in working here or asking publicly on LinkedIn.
I don’t think you can be successful unless you go out and start looking for people on LinkedIn. I mean messaging those you think might be a good fit. And you need a really personal message to convey why a candidate needs to join you. Small company probably means early stage/high risk. Think of the reasons people wouldn’t join such a company. Try to anticipate some of the concerns.
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Have found DMs on Twitter to be high ROI. Recruiters in the UK can be hit or miss as it's such a low barrier of entry job. Some out there that really are worth their weight in gold and others out there that give them all a bad name.
Recruiters are being given an unfairly bad rap, methinks.

It is a shame that 95% rotten apples give them all a bad name.

To be honest if 95% actual apples I came across were rotten, I probably wouldn't eat apples either.
> Recruiters tend to be a poor and expensive solution

Literally 90% job of a recruiter is browsing through LinkedIn and spamming potential candidates.

Easy to do that job yourself, if you invest the time. Also, you'll be able to do the job much better, and will come across as much more genuine to candidates.

And I'm glad they do, I've received a ~40%, ~10% and then ~50% salary increase because of recruiters who've reached out to me.

If you have the skills, you pretty much have your pick of which ones to respond to.

Where are the places that developers show up? On HN and Twitter. Do something to spread awareness of your company. It will be a long journey, but if you don't have $$$ to throw at a problem, you need to find alternatives:

- There's a monthly "Who is hiring" thread on HN every 1st day of a month.

- Create a technical blog. When it gets popular and people see that it's high quality, brand awareness will increase. It takes time but it can bring massive gains. Extreme example: Cloudflare. But there are many smaller nice blogs. If your blog is good, it will naturally come up when people google for things etc.

- Create an RSS feed for the blog and a Twitter account ${Foobar}Engineering that RTs your blog posts. Just make sure the blog and Twitter are high quality and rare, and not random filler content every day.

- Do something unexpected, like: TikTok or YouTube channel. There's one small company in Poland that has a YouTube channel with basically short fun programming sketches (2-3 min), and this YT channel became huge. Everyone in IT in Poland knows them (https://www.youtube.com/c/HRejterzy).

- Relax your requirements, and post job offers to good job boards. Are you fine with people working remotely? Or 4 days a week? Check stuff like https://remoteok.com/ https://4dayweek.io/ etc.

- Include approx. salary data in job offer. No one likes this dance of "do they want seniors at half my current rate?".

- Perhaps become a sponsor of some underinvested opensource repos? The repo owners will likely give you some visibility on their website and top of the repo README.

> No one likes this dance of "do they want seniors at half my current rate?".

This is the reason I don't even bother with permanent roles in startups anymore. Every time the budget ends up being disappointing and about half my current income.

Even worse when they approach me on a platform where they can see my profile & history and infer very well what I currently make and still proceed to pitch me their terrible role.

Haha, seriously, although to be fair to the startups, it occasionally works. I was getting really burned out at my last job (wasn't a FAANG, but had FAANG-level pay), and ended up joining a startup at ~half my current pay, but way less stress. I am so much happier now.

Also, thanks mostly to equity appreciation, I'm almost up to what my previous jobs starting pay was :-)

> Every time the budget ends up being disappointing and about half my current income.

Protip: on the very first call, say “My current salary is XY. A competing offer is in your budget?”

Protip2: XY doesn’t have to be your actual salary, use a number that is your desired floor to start the negotiation from.

I get the impression that in the long term and on average, people benefit more from being honest.

So how about just saying, "I'm currently only considering positions with salary XY. Is that in your budget?"

Often if I go job hunting, there's a 25%-250% increase in salary. The 250% is often some tiny startup in a developed nation, which comes with its own costs; no healthcare, dodgy contract, remote, etc. But the idea is that it's easy to just take -- or turn down, a range much higher than you make now.
Also there's no point going through 3 weeks of interviews to get lowballed in the end. If they don't mention salary range by the first interview, I squeeze it out of them or turn the job down.
Also: think about all the candidates you implicitly reject and others reject. They are an opportunity. Hire people that no one else wants (for wrong reasons).

Go to universities and hire motivated juniors. Offer paid internships etc.

Highly recommend to follow https://twitter.com/gergelyorosz

Hiring juniors and/or interns is something every company should do, however they're not "just" missed opportunities. If you want them to succeed you have to put in the work to help them do so, and that in itself needs to be budgetted for with every junior hire.
Definitely. Every option requires $$$/time/effort or combination of them. There are very few good & experienced & cheap & available devs just waiting for job offers.
The vast majority of candidates are applying because they got bounced around and have to apply everywhere due to not being qualified. If you're a no-name firm paying merely around market rate you're not even going to see the high performers because they've already been snapped up by bigger or higher paying players.

I don't know a single person from my college days who I'd describe as a strong performer that would have taken a job from a random startup (i.e. no name recognition of founders or investors) for subpar pay. The people who ended up working at these no-name companies with subpar pay were almost always 1x or 0.5x programmers, whereas many of the people I knew who got A/A+ in OS and compiler classes were easily 10x programmers capable of building complex products from scratch.

Not saying we don't need 1x programmers but if you're a startup I think paying 3x salary for a 10x programmer is a much better deal than hiring 3 1x programmers.

There are diamonds in the rough especially at university. I wouldn't consider myself as a "high-performer" but I did consistently get decent grades and I myself worked for below "merely" market-rate as we didn't have alot of big companies in my country. Now days I work at one of the most "prestigious" tech companies in the world that alot of people want to get into. So I wouldn't be jumping straight to the conclusion that all good tech talent is immediately already in the "amazing" companies as soon as they graduate.
> we didn't have alot of big companies in my country

I mean yeah, you were operating in a different talent market. If you are a U.S. based company it's going to be very hard to get high quality talent out of university as a rando company with median pay. If you are in Europe then it's a lot easier because there is less competition.

> all good tech talent is immediately already in the "amazing" companies as soon as they graduate

Yes, there are going to be missed gems, but if you're looking to hire without going through a couple hundred bad candidates (not even an exaggeration) to find gems you need to stand out as a company.

If you think about this from the employer perspective, there's no signal to go on to find these gems: people with decent, but not incredible grades, no prior internship history, bog standard side projects, etc. Now imagine those resumes are mixed in with a bunch of people with 0 side projects or work experience, subpar grades in core CS classes, etc. What do you filter on? What's your signal for hiring?

You filter on the number of projects on their GitHub?
Do developers show up on twitter?

Of the 100 or so professional software engineers and it pros I have worked closely with over the last decade, I think I know... 1 that used twitter. Maybe they follow engineering on twitter, maybe not. Twitter gets you, twitter people, not necessarily software engineers.

There are many people who passively use Twitter and don't follow / comment much. But I agree it's true, Twitter is massive time sink and many people rightfully avoid it. It's just one of places to look, and it attracts specific subset of devs.
You open source some of your existing code, then hire the people that you find working on expanding it in their free time.
Eh, like 99% of existing OSS projects never get serious contributions from external developers.

This strategy can work only if your company is behind very high profile/successful projects.

Are looking for local dev/designers only? Remote first is the hot thing right now, so maybe that would help as it would be more attractive.

PS: I'm a 30 year old dude from a 3rd world country learning how to code. I'm not good, yet, but I'm hard working and I learn fast. Just trying my luck, but do you guys take an apprentice? Or maybe in need of customer support? I'm just looking to learn. What's in for you is cost reduction and someone who would be grateful for life for giving him a chance.

Remote can be challenging for different reasons. We do have remote (UK only) folks but as soon as you extend that to other countries, it is kind of like offshoring but without the value-add of local management. Risk are:

* Time zones can cause things to take a long time to resolve

* Cultural differences can be confusing (like people who say, "yes" to be polite, not because the answer is yes!)

* The legal protections are much lower when dealing with another country

* You have practical concerns like shipping things (laptops etc.) that just create even more work

* Possible language barriers, especially with very complicated or subtle things

I think it can work well but only when you have designed your company around remote-first working and probably only for experienced staff who you can expect to know what they are doing.

I totally agree with you, but you have to provide something attractive for the people you want to hire. You mentioned FAANG, and you know why they get so much attention? They pay 40% above market rate. If you can't attract people with money, you have to find something else. An even with all the challenges, remote work is what attract people nowadays. Try putting yourself in the shoes of those who are looking for work.
> They pay 40% above market rate.

In many cases, that is a severe underestimate.

I work for a small-ish engineering firm on a small rock off the Norwegian coast.

The local labour market for engineers, technicians and developers is pretty much empty - as in, everybody with the skills required and the desire to live here already does.

Recruiting more often than not means sniping, or, if we're lucky - that someone has recently found a partner with desirable skills and coaxed them into moving up here.

Anyway, we've found that word of mouth is the most effective way; we simply let friends and associates, former colleagues and whatnot know that we're looking for X.

This is a hundred times more effective than LinkedIn for vetting candidates - people are quite unlikely to uncritically recommend someone when they will be reminded of their sell-in for years if it is a dud. (Much unlike LinkedIn endorsements...)

It turns out with friends&associates, friends&associates' friends&associates &c, you can cast a quite wide net - and also, the sell-in works better both ways; the candidates who do show up for interviews already have been told ours is a good place to be and are, more often than not, a good cultural fit.

(And, before someone asks - 'cultural fit' means 'Happy to work in a rather unstructured madhouse where the unofficial motto is 'We've never done that before, so we're probably quite good at it!') - we've assembled a motley crew from just about every nook and cranny of the planet, from Sri Lanka via Belarus to Argentina and Japan and lots inbetween. Oh, and the occasional Norwegian. All making world-class subsea equipment on a small islet way out in the boonies.

Seeing your team from all over the world, are you guys still hiring? Taking apprentice?
Oh, they all arrived here as flotsam some way or other - through love or war, basically.

(The catch being that we currently do not have any remote employees and it is nigh on impossible to hire someone from outside the Schengen area unless they've already found another way to legally stay here. That usually means either being granted asylum or marrying someone, I'm afraid)

So, assuming I can get Schengen Visa from another country, is the process easier? I want to immigrate and Norway, Sweden, Finland are my top 3 destination. The thing is, getting visa there is harder. But if getting a Schengen visa would help (probably from France), I'm interested about the process to follow, can we have a chat?
At least for Sweden the process is pretty straightforward (at least at the moment). Once you have a job offer, the offering company usually hires some lawyer or company licensed (to fast track the visa within a week, a month at max).

Drop me some contact info, I can refer you. At least you can go through the process and check it out.

You can email me at ralinoro [at] outlook [dot] fr.
They're talking about changing it, but AFAIK, you can still get a pretty automatic visa for Sweden if an employer wants to hire you.
How is the view towards self taught in Sweden?
Legally, you just need a job offer. There are no degree requirements.
Do you not hire remotely from the entirety of the European Union? Would you consider hiring a web developer with 4 years of experience, of which 2.5 is backend and 1.5 is full stack (HTML, CSS, JS within a CMS)?

I am asking because that reflects my situation and I am having a difficult time interviewing with most people expecting 3+ year exclusively in frontend.

I have been trying to make a switch from backend to frontend development. I went from Backend Dev -> Fullstack Dev and I am currently trying to do the next step to -> Frontend Dev.

Would be nice to know how to approach this.

-We're at the other end of the stack, I'm afraid - Siemens S7 PLCs for the most part; whenever I code I basically write assembly code like it's 1979 - and it will never, ever be exposed to the web if I've got any say in the matter.
No github then?
He is talking about the running code. But since it is probably not open source, no GitHub either.
Ah well, you can use (allmost) all the web technologies completely offline and even interfacing with low level hardware.

So you could have javascript and html to power your devices, but you probably do not want to.

That we can, but we do not want to. :)

We basically sold our soul to SIMATIC, Siemens' automation ecosystem long ago.

While it does have its quirks (to put it charitably), it is utterly predictable; as a first-order approximation, the ridiculously underpowered, ridiculously overpriced hardware never fails. (Unless you exert undue influence with a blunt object or high voltage)

I've (recently) patched code on Siemens PLCs being made in West Germany, that is, before October 1990. They still go about doing their thing. That kind of reliability makes me willing to suffer quite a lot of quirks.

Hence, STL, Siemens' near-assembly experience, it is. Snippet below:

A "InData".Joystick.WinchHoistCmd

  JCN   lowr
L "WinchDrumDb".SpeedExpCmd

L "WinchDrumSetupDb".Winch.MaxJoystickSpeedCmd

*R

T "WinchDrumDb".SpeedCmd

JU end2

At least it has mnemonics!

Yeah, I have heard of them(I think my dad used them back then even in east germany) and they are probably right for what you are doing and I am not suggesting, you switch to javascript.

But in other newly developed hardware, it can actually make sense nowdays, to use javascript. Mainly because you can get an abundance of developers for it, but then probably the hard part is to weed out those, who can barely script some website, to those who have indeed the right skillset.

If you are looking for STL people, you probably get STL people.

Hey, we're hiring frontend engineers remotely, feel free to reach out to my e-mail on my profile! :-)
Anything for apprentice? Would even take a customer support role. I'm a 30 dude from a third world country making a career switch and learning how to code.
That honestly sounds fantastic. I just accepted another job so I’m not looking now but I could easily imagine that this would be exactly the kind of thing (and place!) where I’d want to head a few years from now, and I think I would have a relevant profile (as an aerospace engineer with software skills and some exposure to embedded work and robotics). Would you mind dropping me an email (address in profile) with some more detail about the company?
"Happy to work in a rather unstructured madhouse where the unofficial motto is 'We've never done that before, so we're probably quite good at it!'"

OTOH, some of us are at their happiest in this kind of environment!

Incidentally, to your tips on what you guys are doing to hire, I would add 'posting insightful commentary on Hacker News', ha — likely this post alone has gotten you a couple new interested folks.
As a developer, I frequently wonder about the exact opposite question: where does one learn about companies in need of developers, and about what these companies do and how they do it. For example, if I were a frontend web developer looking for a company that builds their product(s) as a progressive web app using web components, where would I look?

It's easy to find job boards filled with ads from recruiters; but hard to discover companies that you might like to work for.

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Agreed. Whenever I look at one of those job sites, even when they're dedicated to software development, or even front-end development, almost all jobs listed are listed by an agency for the actual company. I'd rather deal with the companies directly, but too often the agencies hide away name and contact information. Of course, now and then I can figure out which company it is, anyway, but it is a hassle.

I suppose that smaller companies think they don't have the resources to maintain their job listings in various databases, but I think they should.

Are you looking for a job where you can work with web components and build PWAs? :)
I mean, I have a job, but I am always on the lookout :-)
It changes with size. For my own company we started with just two co-founders and eventually grew. We did so in a number of ways:

- In the initial stages, we've recruited from within our own network of former colleagues.

- We had a successful open source project and recruited from amongst its contributors

- We hired people that our employees had worked with before and that they recommended

- We went to meetups and conferences, talked about technology and what we were doing. After the talks you often have conversations with attendees that might be interested in the project.

Here's what never worked for us:

- job ads / "career" section on our website

- going to meetups with the sole goal of recruiting people

- linkedin cold outreach

"We had a successful open source project and recruited from amongst its contributors"

I can imagine this is a quite sustainable way of recruiting in the long term in general.

Best way is to hire through network.

You should be articulate and explicit about your hiring needs to your network, and careers page etc. Add a link to your company in your profile! You are on the front page of Hackernews, but even though I'm looking for one of the roles you mentioned and wanted to know more I can't see what you're hiring for or anything about your company.

I'm not from UK but it seems the story is pretty much the same for small companies.

From experience, there's no single place that will just work. Have to keep trying through multiple channels all the time.

Here are some ways that we try.

- LinkedIn Jobs, indeed etc like job boards

- HN (whoishiring), angel.co

- technology specific job boards (welovegolang, pycoders weekly etc)

- references through current employees, their past colleagues etc

- cold pings on Linkedin, Twitter, github

- Some slack/discord channels for specific technologies

In personal experience, quality of the crowd depends on the channel too, however, wouldn't call this a confirmed observation.

> HN (whoishiring), angel.co

I have communicated with companies via both of these methods.

The other suggestions make sense too.

Yeah, we're doing the same in Germany. Also I have a team in the Ukraine (can't recommend right now haha) and also recruiters for specialists and seniors. Pretty expensive, but cheaper than not growing. I can also recommend join.com, lot's of noise though.
Primarily I would say use recruiters, either external ones (you'll have very mixed results here, be prepared to sift through a ton of barely relevant CVs), or hire a recruiter as part of your core team. Either way as a small company you're going to get very few candidates who seek you out and decide to apply, the job of a recruiter is to go out and find good candidates for you and then sell them on applying for a job with your company.

Even the very largest companies like Google and Amazon use recruiters, they just happen to have an army of them on payroll rather than going out and hiring them on a piecemeal basis from external agencies. You also say the best candidates don't call a random recruiter, and you're right, they don't. The best candidates know one or two really good recruiters who can get them interviews lined up in the next few days and an offer on the table by the end of next week.

The only other thing I've seen have some level of success is going to recruitment events targeted at the sort of people you want to hire. If you're looking for junior developers your local university will run recruitment fairs, and if you're looking for more experienced people there are a few events such as Silicon Milkroundabout (the worst name ever) where you can pay to get a stand. Either way be ready to commit whatever time you're going to be at the event itself, plus a few days to follow up with people you've spoken to.

I second this, it's been my experience at smaller companies, too. If you can find a smaller recruiter company, generally they have seemed to perform better than the larger name-brand recruiter companies in my experience.

At least in the US, expect to pay a good recruiter who finds you a candidate you hire somewhere in the 20-25% of first year salary for the hire (ie: you hire a candidate for $100k/year total comp, you pay the recruiter $20-25k in fee for that hire).

No matter what you do, you're going to sift through a LOT of candidates who are definitely not the right fit.

I also concur with going to local university recruiting days. It's a whirlwind and you'll likely lose your voice after the first day talking to so many students, but it costs less than hiring a recruiter and you'll likely get enough good resumes and enough first interactions with the humans behind those good resumes to justify it.

But also, just offer to pay your existing employees a non-trivial referral bonus for finding someone (like multiple thousands of USD, as compared to paying a recruiter this is super cheap). Sure, the incentives aren't perfect, but if you have someone you already trust as an employee or partner or past coworker referring someone they want to work with, odds are that candidate is going to be pretty good.

Recruitment fairs are very important either way; if people know your company exists, they're more likely to take a look.

Maybe also host some user group meetups or whatever. Word of mouth is very powerful. My current employer (same town as previous) is small, and it was even smaller when I joined. Still, I heard about it somewhere and applied.

A niche market to tap into in general might be areas that promote startup companies and job seekers. A while ago on desktop I used https://startup.jobs/ and was able to search by company size (1-10, 11-50, 51-100, 100-200, etc.), but I just went on my phone and that doesn’t seem to be an option. Anyone out there use this site and/or can verify if there are more search criteria available on desktop then phone?

Disclaimer: No affiliation or anything.

adding this as a new comment since this is a different take.

Make yourself easily reachable.

In this instance for example, the fact that you have asked this question means you are hiring. One of the HN reader reading this could be your potential hire but for that person there's no easy way to approach you. A single link in your profile could make that happen :) Otherwise you are wasting this opportunity!

What is your competitive advantage? Do you offer 30h week? Remote work? Free luxury cars? Incredible salary? Find out what is special about working at your place.
So many people are having trouble filling positions... I would think I'd get more responses from my applications!

Also reading a lot of these responses... I wish I could more easily advertise the salary I would accept. Its a field to fill in some applications I guess.

As many have said it really depends. But for a smallish development company (under 50) there's really nothing quite like organic growth - which generally means word of mouth and/or friends (or friends-of-friends) and former colleagues. I'm from an island in the North Atlantic so although it's a 'city' it's a pretty small town - word gets around if you've got something good/new/interesting on the go.

As for actionable things - some local devs, in my area, started a tech/dev meetup group here that's evolved into a 500 person slack channel (in-person meetings pre-covid) and it's a great place to find people and talk about jobs/local market. Definitely not a short-term fix. Also, leveraging any kind of news about a funding announcement or big contract or local impact helps get your name out there. I know a few former colleagues who saw the company name in an article/newspaper or an industry magazine and wound up applying for roles.

Best of luck!

Hi, 5 ppl firm owner/developer here:

- I joined the major slack channels of developers/designers/whateveryoulookforspecialists in the area.

- joined the #workrequests, #jobs, #yougetthepoint channels

- actually read the guidelines of each slack channel and/or talked to the admin to have the right tone of voice, get their feedback, finetune it, etc

- posted the job

- after 1-2 years, specialists still come to us because of the posts

- maintain a spreadsheet so you don't lose track of good people

"I has monies!" - small company

"Gieb monies, plx!" - potential employee

"K!" - small company

I'm on the other side of this currently; how do I find small companies like these? There are "HN: Who is hiring?" posts, but apart from those, do any of you have a good strategy when it comes to picking a new, yet unknown, employer like OP?
Just for context; I'm from Central Europe, have 7 years of experience in a world-class Mobile app company and am searching for remote options, mainly in the states.
I only look for jobs at small companies and my preferred places to look are the HN’s “Who is hiring?” thread and Angellist. My last 3 jobs came from these two sources.
One startup I worked for hired good people organically, basically by having a realtively altruistic mission (educational products for young kids) and good PR.

You can be creative about it though. A story: when the startup was small, a maths student applied to work for us as a programmer. They were very smart and had a good personality, but were naive about their very limited programming experience. Most companies would have passed. Instead, the team lead said to them: I don't have time to mentor you, but if you can find another student with good programming experience who I like, and can mentor you, I will hire you both. And so they did. So, a 'pass' was turned into two hires for the price of one.

Of course, this probably only works if you can use new grads, who are all looking for jobs at the same time.