Ask HN: Are there any good poverty simulator games?

114 points by green-eclipse ↗ HN
I'm curious about a game genre that seems really niche. A poverty or low-income simulator game that might put people in the shoes of such folks, particularly showing the struggles of low-income people in the USA without much of a safety net.

There is SPENT (https://playspent.org/html/). It's a linear, choose your own adventure story, but not really a game, IMHO.

I've seen a couple apps on Google Play but they have under 100 downloads, and focus more on stock trading.

Is this a niche worth exploring? Would it be possible to make a game that is both entertaining and educational about the real challenges these people face, at the same time?

141 comments

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I think it is a niche worth exploring. I have long thought of a vanlife game which would highlight homelessness. If anyone wants to work together on such a project just holler.
Might be interested in building a game together with this angle. Would you like to send me an email? I’ll put it in my profile for a short period of time
I’ve been thinking about a van life game too! - I traveled around the country in a travel trailer during the pandemic. Saw a lot of inner city homelessness, but also places like Slab City and Taos Mesa where people live an off-the-grid lifestyle.

The van life community is pretty unique because van dwellers are oftentimes adventure seekers; the state of drifting is sometimes by choice. Though the lifestyle brings challenges regardless, like parking restrictions, space limitations, loneliness, high maintenance cost, etc. And most of all, vanlife is still outside of conventions and one can be judged for it. I’d love to explore these dynamics thru a game.

P.S. Nomadland has been one of my favorite films. The book is just as good. There are millions who try to find peace on their own terms.

It could be most beneficial to people currently in poverty, to try out strategies for escaping it.
That sounds like practicing standing up to school bullies by playing Street Fighter
I'm not sure exactly how you're meaning this, but I think there is widespread ignorance around how people whom are poor are simply unable to improve their lot. It's often not about making the right choices and more there not being any choices.
Yes poverty is caused by people not knowing certain strategies, and those strategies are of course known by people who are not poor... come on.
The strategies for the first steps out of poverty are different from strategies to rise within the middle class. So they're mostly not known by people who aren't poor.

For example, many government aid programs are (intentionally) obscure. Signing up for food stamps is so complicated, there's a charity that just helps people do it (https://www.mrelief.com). And there are plenty more strategies that help people, like for making cheap nutritious food. Any of these can be taught.

That's a good example of the kind of practical thing that people in poverty are more likely to know. Of course it's an example of a strategy for coping with poverty, rather than a step out of poverty.

(A common misconception is that by avoiding spending, one can escape poverty, but this is not the case, because poverty is a lack of income.)

exposure to / awareness of what I would call "financial horizons" is the biggest thing for me.

In poverty there is neither reason nor energy to waste beyond a conceivably actionable point. Learning to overcome that horizon is critical and I think it becomes more difficult the older we get.

For sure worth a play, something about it really touched me. Bleak.
$30 is surprising for a game about homelessness.
I played this game. It was depressing as fuck, the music really did a great job of setting in how much it really must suck if you end up this way. I went in feeling kind of bad that I was about to play a homeless person simulator and the experience was pretty much like... ok yeah this is a video game, but it doesn't trivialize the experience at all. It was also clearly set in a time period before massive meth and fentanyl problems.

It's basically one of those survival horror games where you have to build a base with whatever stuff you find around to not die in winter. It seems like the people who played this game more than me were motivated to finish it because it's actually a pretty damn hard game.

If you want to know the secret of how to win though here it is: It rains a lot in this game and if you get wet you become stinky so things get hard, but there's a few places to beg for change where it's dry. Try the exit to the train station and you will make thousands. It's hella menial but you just make way more money doing that than working the crappy in-game jobs on offer.

I used to work in a homeless shelter where the fine gentlemen in there would joke about how people were stupid enough to give them money all the time. It's crazy how much money you can make on forgoing all sense of humility and exploiting people's sympathy in public. Addictive street drugs aren't exactly cheap.

Love the cheeky backstory, from communisty dystopia to capitalist utopia, but not for you
Check out "Hobo: Tough Life", it's at the extreme end of the spectrum, where you have to beg and steal in the beginning.
>The Affordable Care Act requires you get health insurance. The good news? Your child is covered by the state. The bad? You aren’t.

According to benefits.gov you would qualify for medicaid on $1,441/month gross (the wage of the job I selected)

Many don't know the USA has a very large safety net. Medicaid, medicare, social security, SNAP, TANF, SSI, LIHEAP, EITC, rent vouchers, pell grants, job training programs, etc.
Yea except it only benefits you if you are way below the poverty level. We need to make sure every one is benefitted so we don’t deincentivize seeking higher paying jobs just to keep basic benefits.
How do we pay for an expansion of federal benefits? The ones we have are already quite cumbersome on the federal budget.
Making the benefits universal would increase everyone's personal budgets to compensate.
The government's money was formerly your money. I would prefer to keep my money and help in my local community than pay more taxes to distribute wealth.
Well your previous logic is refuted and now you're just moving on to some other shit like you never said it. Not a good look.
Actually the money was never yours, it was created and is governed by the state. Every paycheck we get is made up of units that were created by the state out of thin air.
Yep. Politicians for years have made it super hard to get benefits, and now decry people not wanting to work. There's a huge gap between "eligible for all benefits" and "makes enough to offset the loss of benefits", and no clear way to cross over short of getting paid $20+ an hour. Trying to make benefits reduce proportional to income would work, but requires a lot of bookkeeping and proof (and, of course, some political will), so that's unlikely to get traction...and raising the minimum wage to the amount necessary so that any job will take one over the gap is -also- politically undoable.

So, yeah. Lots of safety nets, all of which require you to live in extreme poverty to qualify for, and which still don't equate to a reasonable standard of living.

The problem is more that there's a whole bunch of different programs that don't make sense together. The "right" thing to do would be to combine all of them and make it so that you lose say 35¢ of benefits per extra $1 of income, so that even after tax it's still always better to earn more. Unfortunately, everyone is afraid that any attempt to overhaul the welfare system would be co-opted by those looking to gut it instead. So we're stuck with a broken system
Just make all the benefits universal, so they never go down no matter your income. This is the right solution mathematically. Politically though it's divisive because it also makes the programs harder to repeal in the future.
All you need is progressive income taxes and taxing welfare benefits as income. Make it so welfare dollars bump your income tax bracket faster than income from a job.
It's not convenient to know that when your goal is to smash capitalism.
Not sure if you're aware of this, but it's just a lie, and the goal of telling that lie is political conservatism.
Who doesn't know this? The problem isn't that there's no safety net, the problem is that navigating it is a maze and there's tons of cracks for people to fall through. Many, many people don't get the help they need because of that.

Take rent vouchers: only some people who "qualify" actually receive vouchers because there is a cap on the total number the government gives out. Or the EITC: to get the full benefit your income has to land in a narrow band. Or SNAP: all sorts of weird restrictions, and tons of people who are eligible but who don't know to sign up

Or here's an interesting fact: SNAP (food stamps) have cost-of-living adjustments. When food prices go up, SNAP benefits go up.

But SSI benefits count SNAP as income and there is a dollar-for-dollar downward adjustment for every increase in SNAP.

So if you have SNAP, your SSI benefits will _decrease_ with an _increase_ in cost-of-living!

If you own a couple of grand in assets you no longer qualify for SNAP. Which is crazy given that 15 million people rely on SNAP.
Seems in a lot of cases the limit is $2500! Even a very modest emergency fund is probably going to be double that...
The idea of food stamps is to give you food when you literally can't buy it yourself, not when you have a couple grand in your bank account.
Yeah it's a dumb idea. Making people spend down their savings when they have no income to pay for food.
What else are savings for then?
Well if you only have $2.5k and no income it's probably going to housing costs.

(Am I here to answer stupid questions...)

The idea of an emergency fund is for unexpected expenses like car repairs or a medical bill. The primary use of SNAP is to supplement an employed person’s income so they are able to afford food.
In practice you can just keep your savings in cash and not disclose it.
It has a convoluted mess of programs, often mutually exclusive, that each have separate requirements and "churn" people off their benefits regularly with complicated and recurring bureaucratic burdens.

It's not actually "large" in the sense of total spending relative to other counties.

Aaaaand apparently, many also lack even the most basic level of clue about how many gaping holes there are in that net and how many people fall through that net.
This War of Mine has some aspects of a poverty simulator, albeit in a war zone. Papers, Please requires you to allocate your measly pay at the end of the day, somewhat encouraging breaking the job rules for kickbacks.
Isn't Papers Please built on this concept? Maybe not poverty but war/survival related is This War of Mine
I have experience working for a year in a homeless shelter. I think that there is a “papers please” or “a dark room” style game that you could make that would simulate what it is like to try to exist in homelessness.

You have very few resources, many of which are provided by the shelter but only intermittently. You should expect your things to be stolen from you if you are around other homeless people (and to not be above stealing yourself), but going it alone has its own challenges. You probably have to juggle going to 3 to 4 different shelters and various resource locations every week and sometimes two or three in one day. You never have enough food you never have enough water; there’s never a place to go to the bathroom. You can’t show up to shelter locations if you’re on drugs, but drugs will definitely be a part of your life as there’s something that you can trade and sell for money. On a day when you don’t have enough resources at the very least maybe you could take drugs to ease the pain of not having eaten for a day or so, but of course this will exacerbate your overall situation.

I played a version of this on Zoom as part of a Columbia University program [1] designed to simulate the conditions of re-entry from prison, which have considerable structural similarities to poverty and homelessness. The Zoom game is based on one played in person with "stations" representing different institutions and "tokens" representing stuff like money, birth certificates, ID cards, etc. Your hypothetical scenario is quite a lot like the mechanics of this game. I'm working on building a single-player software version of it because the live simulation is rather difficult to stage!

[1] https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/socialenterprise/initiatives/r...

this sounds like it could be really good if done in a mix of a simulator alongside a story like GTA where you are trying to get back on your feet
My brother networked his friend playing a game called something along the lines of “hobo simulator” I’m sure it’s much more of a comical than serious game though.
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Agricola

Not the same setting you described but its a frustrating one, it pretends to be a competitive game pitting the plays against each other but the mechanics for mere survival seem to override that.

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There is a game you can play in real life where you withdraw a certain amount of cash (i.e. a minimum wage paycheck after taxes removed) and then try to survive on that for two weeks, only using cash, and subtracting any expenses for subscriptions and rent you use during the two weeks.

To make things more accurate, you could choose to modify your rent expense to reflect the kind of home you’d actually be living in.

If you want to play hard mode, you could also increase the difficulty by simulating illegal immigrant status and get paid even less, maybe half of minimum wage. Almost certainly you will have to choose a cheaper home to survive.

Seems silly, this isn't going to be like poverty at all. Poverty isn't just low levels of routine spending.

A better poverty simulator is, maybe, go ahead and keep your high level of consumption, but cancel all your insurance policies for a year. Including car insurance. That'll have a chance at provoking some poverty-like stress levels.

That’s just an uninsured simulator. People in poverty could still have insurance if they are paying for it. Low levels of routine spending can get stressful.
"CHANGE: A Homeless Survival Experience" is one of the best games that gives you an immersive experience and challenge of an everyday homeless person.
Yeah it's a pretty depressing and challenging game. I beat this game with all the different scenarios. If you play long enough though, you can find a pretty simple formula to win: - Find the nearest homeless shelter that is near a job board - Take freelance jobs, putting the bulk of your earnings in a savings account and only keeping a little cash on hand for laundry and other things (otherwise it gets stolen at the homeless shelter) - Spend all the rest of your time at the library studying until you can get a higher paying job

I'm not sure it's very realistic though because begging nets very little money and negative morale in the game, yet I think panhandlers can actually make quite a bit in real life in high traffic areas.

Being able to open a savings account without a fixed address is already pretty unrealistic.
The game requires you to have stayed at the same homeless shelter many days in a row before you are able to get an address and open a bank account iirc
I have done both spanging ("spare any change?")and busking in high traffic areas of California. Around Christmas I might make 80-200 dollars a day in a wealthy shopping district performing... but most of the time it was a couple of bucks and half finished leftovers, not a sustainable way to make money
During some harder times I tried to survive solely by collecting bottles and cans since I had often made some extra pocket money by picking those up aggressively. Turned out that it's not sustainable at all and I found it to be impossible to pay the rent that way despite living in a large city and tourist destination. Unfortunately I was also too autistic/self-conscious for busking or panhandling.
Looks interesting. Seems to be more of a fantasy-dystopian "last civilization on earth" version of SimCity.
There's a lot of social problems that you have to cope with, like low food, low healthcare, forcing workers to shovel coal at gunpoint or else the whole outpost freezes to death. It's brutal.
Night Call is in the ballpark, at least. You play as a taxi driver, budgeting your taxi trips, passengers, gas money, money for other things (ie newspapers or clues) to help solve a whodunnit mystery.
Pathologic 2.
I second this. Most stressful experience I've had playing a video game. You will most likely find yourself shanking some random person in the middle of the night for food, despite negative consequences. The game makes you desperate, very fast.
Banished does a good job at simulating a resource strained community where bad choices can have terrible consequences in the short term.
It wouldn't be fun. Grind, grind, grind, never get anywhere. Work twice as hard for half the reward, then get fucked over in every other aspect of life. Games are about escapism, a chance to win at something, not experiencing bleak and abject failure for reasons outside of your control.
Look at this thread. There's lots of interesting examples that are viable games. Not blockbusters maybe, but worthy of creation.
It is probably a genre worth exploring. An interactive fiction game that explored a similar area is Depression Quest:

http://www.depressionquest.com/dqfinal.html

A hypothetical "Poverty Quest" (or perhaps "Precarity Quest") would have additional challenges, though, such as avoiding becoming Grand Theft Auto without glossing over the fact that criminality is sometimes the only seemingly viable career path, not to mention intersectional issues like race and class, food deserts and swamps, elevated toxic exposure (including lead) in low income neighborhoods, etc.

I also thought of the GTA gameplay.

With the focus of the game on poverty, there could be opportunities for small theft that has an "odds of being caught" attached. And of course with that comes the odds of having to pay a fine, which significantly cuts into your savings (if you have any). And with some odds of being jailed, that's a number of months with no income to pay rent at all, which probably means game over, if your goal is to avoid ending up on the streets or in a shelter.

The incentives are similar to real life.

Sure.

Combine that with Depression Quest's narrative mechanism of graying out choices that aren't available to you (eg. applied to actions precluded by a deficit in impulse control, a common side effect of lead poisoning), and that could be very effective, especially if the player character is a child or adolescent which constrains the available degrees of freedom a bit more to something sane and tractable (eg. a kid might steal a stereo from a car, but it would be okay in that context not to have carjacking be an option).