Ask HN: Do newsletters work? Why do websites push them so much?

174 points by nicbou ↗ HN
So many blogs promote their newsletter, often before I even start reading their article. I run a content-based website, and many of my competitors push their newsletter.

What is the rationale behind it? I don't subscribe to a single newsletter myself, so I'm a bit puzzled about the benefits of running one.

173 comments

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I think it's a way to negotiate with potential advertisers/sponsors.

Look at my audience of 1000+ people/emails that are potentially interested in your product, which i can shill or plainly advertise on my newsletter for a fee.

Yes, they work and people do actually check their emails. Even if you have a 20-30% click rate, that's 30% of people that may read your headline, click through to your blog post, product announcement, etc.

If you're smart about your strategy (don't spam, think twice about when to send a mail, lead with interesting content, visually appealing), a mailing list can be a huge asset to any business. People tend to not want to follow companies on Twitter or Instagram, if they want to stay up to date, a lot of them might want news in their easily filterable inbox, in my experience.

Your example click rate is about an order of magnitude higher than the average.
I think it depends on the content and audience. I routinely get open rates in the mid 20% range when I send out a newsletter email.
Selecting an email to delete it in the Apple mail.app also opens it. Doesn't mean I'm actually reading it.
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I thing that the average is for generic marketing campaigns, At my work we have between 5-15 ctr on emails, just because the content is noteworthy
> People tend to not want to follow companies

Also many companies got burned thinking the smorgasbord of free traffic on social platforms would never end.

It turns out that when your primary business model is selling traffic (via ads), giving it away for free is antithetical to your margins.

Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok (sometime soon) started off giving creators (and businesses) tons of free traffic only to eventually suppress it to push people towards paying to reach the followers they worked so hard to get.

On the other hand, once someone has given you permission to email them then it really doesn’t matter if you do it from your own mailserver, mailchimp, or anything else… They are still expecting you to be in their inbox (hopefully delivering great value).

Source: I was reading the internal newsletter in the bathroom of a major social network's office ~6 years ago when they were announcing (in celebration) that they had suppressed organic reach to sub 5%

Following a giant company on social media is pointless. A large majority of their posts are dumb memes, or clever ways to be funny. It’s never anything of substance.
I wonder if that's (algorithmic) selection bias? IE you only see dumb memes or clever ways to be funny because they are the only thing that garner enough likes to break through the newsfeed noise?

Or if companies just found out that their interesting-but-not-high-valence posts end up not going anywhere... so they create dumb memes or clever ways to be funny.

Either way though we're caught in a death spiral of algorithmic selection and self-selection leaving us with drivel - making us less likely to follow companies and companies increasingly less willing to invest in quality content or content creators. Then round and round it goes.

Most businesses I’ve bought things from online (notably not Amazon) want to send me at least one email a day and it is more than I can keep up with.

In the beginning for instance I would get emails from Best Buy that often had good offers, but at some point it got like ArsTechnica’s dealmaster and the offers became insipid. Even if the offers were compelling I couldn’t buy something every day.

Normally, click rates are more like 0.1%.

But it's also about brand recall. Having someone's email address lets you put an ad (subject line) in front of them for almost free, as often as you want, without having to go through the algorithms of the social networks.

Managed and initialized a few newsletters. With CTR >40%. It's all about value and expectation. i.e.: If you send out a vegan recipe every sunday to people who have subscribed to get vegan recipes on sunday - and you constantly deliver reoccurring value to these users, it works like a charm.

From all traffic channels Newsletters are my most favorite ones.

For boutique newsletters in small niches, sure, you can see much higher click-through rates.

But if you're New York Times, Walmart, AllRecipes - you're sending a daily email to > 10 million uniques, and your click-through rates will be < 0.1%.

How would you know? Have you seen their data? It’s closer to at least 1% for most ecommerce sites.

It’s not just for small niche that newsletter works. It’s often considered the most reliable marketing tool (and cheap!), year after year after year.

> Have you seen their data?

Yes, for similar sized brands and types of campaign. I worked for quite some time in email marketing for blue chips.

>Normally, click rates are more like 0.1%.

Some email campaign stats from Mailchimp (which may be self-serving but does match other numbers I've seen) ... says "open rate" is about 20% - 30% and "click-through-rate" (of a link embedded within the email) is about 2% - 5% :

https://mailchimp.com/resources/email-marketing-benchmarks/

If people are not tricked into email newsletter signups via dark patterns (e.g. a default check box on an ecommerce shopping checkout), a lot of readers do actively open and click on emails they voluntarily signed up for. In such cases, click rates will realistically be much higher than 0.1%.

It's "push" instead of "pull" for content authors. A casual visitor my read one of your posts, then never visit your site again. If they sign up, you can send them monthly content.

I get it, but I do wish sites would give it a rest with the Newsletter pop-ups.

That doesn't hold up to me. Why would a casual visitor sign up to a newsletter after reading half a paragraph of the article? Surely the bottom of the article would be a better place to ask if that was the purpose.
Doesn’t matter what holds up for you. What matter is the conversion rate. If someone gets 1% conversion from that Popup, then they’ll keep it because 1% is higher than 0%.

For sure some websites are more sophisticated and wait for the 2nd visit, or later in the article, etc. But most people install a basic Popup app that triggers right away as a default setting and that’s what ends up happening. Not the best user experience but they rather have the subscribers than not having them and yes some people still fill that Popup.

Yes they do work,

Its the only way to actually own your audience. Rather than asking permission to access someone else's audience.

For example, I get emails from some people for the last 10 years. I would have forgotten about them many times over.

Having a Facebook page with a lot of likes use to mean you could get on their feed, now you are lucky to get any views without paying for them.

I think it might be a filtering thing, like Nigerian scammers including things that make them look dodgy to make sure they've got someone particularly gullible on the hook. The people who end up subscribed to the newsletter are the easiest to get money from, sell junk to, con into buying cryptocurrency, scam, whatever.
It's also a way to get an email address that you can retarget ads to.
I don't believe they "work", but IMO as a company you want as many way to push information to your customers. Today it's principally emails or notifications. And so this is why you see newsletters form and every apps under the sky seems to ask to enable push notifications on your phone.

Another way is RSS feeds, but many companies seem to consider that there's not enough users for the trouble.

A number of reasons:

* Because other platforms own you, but you own your newsletter.

* Not everyone opens a newsletter, but everyone checks their email. So if they don't open the newsletter, at least they see something from you.

* It's near zero cost.

I don't like it when sites push their newsletter constantly, but I do like educational content pushed to where I often am (my inbox).

What do you mean “you own your newsletter”?

Your newsletter is owned by a massive corporate platform such as Mailchipm, which will ban you for wrongthink/wrongspeak just like other massive corporate platforms like Facebook.

Just the first news story I found: https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/ncna1017221 - keep in mind that “antivaxxer” doesn’t mean what it used to mean but could simply mean you’re pointing out that vaccines aren’t 100% safe or 100% effective which is absolutely true but was considered fake news by mainstream propaganda a year or so ago. Besides the point but I expect I’ll get some replies so just noting preemptively.

You're conflating the medium (newsletter) with its distribution mechanism (mass mailing). If you have the content and the destination addresses, it's trivial to switch to another provider.
Other providers can still ban you.

Switching providers sometimes requires all existing subscribers to “opt in” again.

Regardless you’re still owned by a platform. Gmail ain’t gonna let you deliver 1000s of emails yourself.

> You're still owned by a platform.

There is a clear difference between lock in to a single provider and their commercial interests and strategy and the possibility that your content might fall foul of a number of providers.

For many email is a much less risky option than alternatives. Do you have a better option?

Others can ban you, but if the first band was bogus, the others probably won't ban you.

Others could require everyone opt in again, but most of the email providers don't require this.

People move their list to another provider all the time; very starkly different from a bunch of followers on a social platform.

Then you just move to another ESP / newsletter service with your mailing list? Or even run it yourself with something like listmonk.
Sure, you might get kicked off a newsletter provider platform. It's a risk.

But you have far far more options to take your subscriber list and go to a different provider (substack, tinyletter) or even build your own solution using something like mailgun or AWS SES. (Yes, that latter option would be quite a bit of work, but if you had, say, 20k email subscribers, it might be worth it.)

If you get kicked off twitter or facebook or even a place like HN or Lobste.rs, you have exactly zero ability to export the contact info of people who knew you and want to continue to hear from you.

It took me about four hours to build an SES based mailing system. With dynamodb, lambda and the API gateway it is almost trivial. Put docker in the mix and it’s more like going to the moon.
That's great first hand experience, thanks for sharing. Personally I'd probably look at an open source package, but my biggest worries about building my own emailer would be:

* making sure I followed the best practices (DMARC, DKIM, etc).

* building IP reputation. Not sure how SES does with deliverability, but I know that can be an issue.

* email clients rendering of my newsletter. This could by using text only, I suppose. That might work depending on your audience.

Again, though, at least you have the option of building your own solution when you have a newsletter.

It’s not a technical problem.

The difference between you and Amazon is that Amazon can deal with Gmail by picking up the phone. You aren’t even going to get as far as ‘talk to the hand’.

You can do all the things like DKIM right and still go straight to spam. If you’re a real DIY fanatic you’ll run your mail server at home or some other IP address which is doomed from the viewpoint of deliverability and be too stubborn to change it.

The SES/Dynamo/Lambda system is perfectly balanced for email lists that generate a huge amount of traffic for short bursts but still need to handles bounces and subscribe/unsubscribe requests whenever they come in, even if you don’t feel like getting around to rebooting the server stuffed under your bed. If you try to do it on a conventional server you need to pay for a lot more server if you don’t want it to get overloaded at peak load.

SES to handle transactional email is completely reasonable. Doing bulk email sends using SES is asking for trouble and you'll consistently lag way behind the big marketing ESPs (MailChimp, Constant Contact, Active Campaign) on delivery rates.

Making sure you avoid spam traps, fraudulent signups, purchased lists, spammy campaigns and all that are most of the work. Even if your customers are internal only, what happens when one of your salespeople uploads a sketchy email list they got from who knows where.

I've worked at an ESP before and you'd be very surprised how many smart people are just working on the spam detection.

I don't think SES is particularly hard to use. That being said, there are a huge number of caveats:

* Email HTML is gnarly. Hope you like tables. The vast majority of web developers aren't equipped to write email HTML for something as simple as a button and have it render correctly in all email clients.

* Things get much more complicated when you need to email a large number of people (say 10s of thousands - very real for a lot of newsletters) and want to both personalize your content (e.g. add unsubscribe links) and not take 30 minutes to email all your subscribers.

* The metrics you get with SES are extremely barebones. Makes Sendgrid look incredible, and that's saying something. Deliverability and inboxing will be even more of a black box than usual.

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I don't use Mailchimp and never will. I use sendy.co with amazon and on another system I built my own mailer using Mailgun. The main thing is to ensure you have an opted-in mailing list. If you spam randoms, all of these platforms will ban you.
> everyone checks their email

Citation needed. Absolutely not the case in my experience. And while I check my email, I delete 80% of it unread, based on the subject line/sender only.

You should start unsubscribing and setting some filters, for your own good.
I gave up on this years ago when I realized the only valuable things coming to my email were transactional emails, anyway. The rest is... newsletters and shit.

If you're only checking your email to use the "search" function for something very specific, or to find an expected transactional email sent within the last minute, there's not much reason to bother setting up filters.

Text is probably the best way for non-friends to get through to me, because I mostly ignore email and calls since they're overrun with crap, though the current campaign season is really trying to make text useless, too. So many damn fundraising texts, usually from candidates in other states entirely.

I have the opposite approach. My inbox is 95% signal. I run my business through email so that's important.
I have the same approach as you.

Newsletter that I didn't subscribe to? One strike, you're out (unsubscribe and occasionally report as spam).

Updates from sites I care about (e.g. bank, HOA, etc) that come more than once a year? Create an email filter (gmail -> filter messages like this), skip inbox, never mark as important, apply label XYZ.

These simple hygiene measures don't take more than a few minutes each week and save tons of time and focus.

Yep. At this point I get maybe 5 emails a day, and most of them were hand-written. The Gmail red badge rarely stares at me. I can work in peace.
"In 2020, the number of global e-mail users amounted to four billion and is set to grow to 4.6 billion users in 2025."

You got me! :) I guess just 1 out of every 2 human beings checks email. The denominator includes folks without computers or phones too.

https://www.statista.com/statistics/255080/number-of-e-mail-...

Having an inbox does not mean using it or checking it regularly. Think of all the old people with tablets who don't even know what their email address is. Or folks like me who have several. What I'm saying is that "an email address exists, somebody must be checking it" is a flawed argument.

In fact, this article: https://phrasee.co/blog/a-brief-history-of-email/

says the following:

   With over 2.6 billion active users and over 4.6 billion email accounts in operation, email is the most important and widely used communications medium on the internet.
Still, 2.6B is a lot. So there's that.
I am sure they work because Substack's whole business model relies on it. More importantly, a lot of bloggers/writers have been moving to substack because of this very reason.

Substack lets your readers easily subscribe to your paid/free newsletter and deliver new publications to their email which is expensive to run/maintain on your own(think of wordpress blog + mailchimp costs).

>I am sure they work because Substack's whole business model relies on it.

Is Substack profitable? Because it's easy to meddle hype/popularity with having a business model that makes sense. So I'm questioning how sure one can be about it just yet.

Here is a recent Techcrunch article that shows the current state of things: https://techcrunch.com/2022/05/26/report-substack-the-highly...

Here is an excerpt from the article:

> Substack told Axios late last year that the top 10 writers on the platform collectively generate $20 million in annual revenue. According to the Times, Substack separately told investors that it saw revenue of just $9 million last year. (It told the Times directly in a story last month that it has hundreds of thousands of paid newsletters now on the platform.)

That’s not a lot of revenue for a company boasting a $650 million valuation.

It seems the newsletters seems to be working for the content creators, same cannot be said about Substack itself.

Same question? Anybody know advertising RPM that newsletters could generate?
Depends on the audience size and makeup.

I've seen tweets like this: https://twitter.com/petecodes/status/1548983470805876737 which talk about $400/month for a newsletter ad.

Cooperpress has a lot of dev subscribers and I believe charges thousands of dollars for an add: https://cooperpress.com/advertise/ (run by https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=petercooper ).

Thanks. Are there good equivalent ad networks like AdSense for newsletters (so you don't have to establish a sales department?)
> Are there good equivalent ad networks like AdSense for newsletters

My experience has been "no".

I don't know of any networks that do newsletter ad placements; our placements have all been direct with the publisher. Some publishers have more than one newsletter so you can get some scale with them, but it's still direct discussion with the publisher.

Well, I have 7 subscribers of my newsletter. I don’t really push it I just have a signup form at the bottom of posts and occasionally in the middle of longer/popular posts.

I don’t really know if newsletters work.

I read newsletters fairly regularly and I go search for them too sometimes.

While I appreciate using RSS to get a taste of the spectrum of current events, newsletters tend to be more curated, sometimes carrying a theme, and have the feeling of quality.

I used to flip through the weekly ads in newspapers but oh boy there was nothing quite like getting a company’s sales catalog. The feeling is similar for me.

>So many blogs promote their newsletter, [...] What is the rationale behind it?

A website (and also RSS) -- that is not hard paywalled with account login -- is a "pull" by anonymous webbrowser clients. The website's content creator doesn't have a direct relationship with readers because you'd only have web browser IP addresses or aggregate statistics with Google Analytics, etc.

In contrast, newsletters can be "push" by content creators because you have collected email addresses that want the newsletters and therefore have a more direct relationship with readers. Building the audience via email addresses is valuable because it works outside centralized platforms like Youtube, Patreon, etc.

My previous comment dissecting example of Tim Ferris website-vs-newsletter : https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27716442

They do work to some extent (which is greater than zero). I have a newsletter to share links related to Python, Linux, Regular Expressions, Vim, etc. 38 issues later, I have close to 500 subscribers (I don't do pop-ups, but thanks for the reminder - I should at least add them in the footer of my blog posts, been promoting mostly to my readers on Gumroad/Twitter).

Based on Gumroad stats, open rates are above 40%. I send 10-15 links per week, and the total link clicks average around 150 (not sure if adblockers affect such stats). I try to optimize links to share based on interest shown in topics so far.

And as others have commented, one of the reasons to start a newsletter is to have your own platform for sharing content.

Tangent: do web push notifications work?

A lot of websites ask if I want to be notified via a web push, which I personally find very annoying and have never tried it. But perhaps people (consumers/users and sellers/creators) find them useful?

Bonus question: are you subscribed to any web push notifications? Which ones and why do you like web push vs. a newsletter or RSS?

I have never allowed any notifications.
Me neither. IHMO the best option is to check "Block new requests asking to allow notifications" in Firefox (Settings -> Privacy -> Notifications -> Settings).
I believe they are intended to support effective webapps but in practice are just used to confuse and abuse non-techy users that suddenly get 100s of notifications for random websites which they don't know how to turn off. Same as notifications from all the spam addiction-based-and-not-actually-fun free-to-play apps.
I guess many people hate them, but subscribe without thinking about it and don't know how to unsubscribe. For the websites I would expect them to be quite useful, because they will get a lot of extra traffic and returning customers. Even if people don't like the volume of notifications, they will still click on them if the headline sounds interesting enough.

Bonus answer: I think they are quite useful for web applications (mail, calendars, slack etc) and I usually prefer enabling notifications to installing a native client.

Yep, my MIL had accidentally subscribed to several, and when I next saw her laptop, the notifications came in all the way up the right side and were pretty disruptive.
My grandmother thought her computer had a bunch of viruses because of how Windows 10 showed them.
Bonus comment: excellent point about web app notifications! I do use calendar notifications because they are very useful.
IMO a huge part of the problem for users is not really knowing what they're agreeing to since you don't really know what notifications you're going to get until they're turned on.
I find the ones on lichess quite useful. As for whether they work for ads, I'm not sure, IIRC you'll need to have your browser open or at least running in the background to get push notifications, so my hunch is that they wouldn't be good for that.
A data point: Amazon has Amazon Smile, where 0.5% of your purchase price will be donated to a charity of your choice. You use it on web by going to smile.Amazon.com.

On the app, though, you can enable it… but only if you enable pushes to your phone. So Amazon has determined that they work well enough to be worth half a percent of e-commerce revenue.

I realize this may be a pain for some, but doing a force quit on the amazon app (once you're done) will stop the notifications.
I have enabled web push notifications for a few sites, specifically Slack and Help Lightning. But those are both communication tools where I often use a browser instead of a native app and want immediate message notifications.

I have never, nor would I ever enable web push notifications for any sort of marketing or newsletters. I am still a huge RSS reader fan, and use imapfilter to automatically format and send certain emails directly to my RSS service (freshrss) [1].

I am big on zero-inbox, so I _hate_ having non important stuff in there. But for some reason, having a backlog of RSS feeds doesn't bother me! I wonder if part of it is that I find mobile email clients and web email clients so limiting when it comes to filtering and managing messages/threads.

[1] https://blog.line72.net/2021/12/23/converting-bandcamp-email...

Newsletters work because email will never ever die. Email is the one constant that will exist forever. So if you can reach a persons inbox you can reach their attention
It's a "push". If I go to your website because I see an interesting article on Hacker news or Twitter I'm unlikely to return for newer articles, even if I'm interested I will simply forget. However if you get my email you can push content to me.

If you have enough people in your newsletter you can increase your traffic and keep it more consistent, more traffic is more ad revenue. You could even get your newsletter sponsored and make it a source of revenue.

I have not worked on newsletters specifically but I can attest that sending emails is generally very effective.

Email is a great thing, I use it heavily. Why newsletters doens't work for me:

1. I don't want to give my email. 2. I don't want to receive spam. 3. I don't like long letters with massive amount of different news (even in single domain).

In my view newsletters/digests take more time to read and I prefer to receive small pieces of topics more often (what I'm interested in specifically, not whole the editor choice) than to recevie bunch of them on weekly basis.

1&2: Get yourself a domain, hand out randomhash@myself.com

Bonus points, you get independence from your email provider, so if Google or whatever decides to delete your account spuriously you don't die digitally.

Channel Hedging

If you depend on SEO, SEA, Adsense you depend on Google.

If you depend on Facebook, Insta, you depend on Meta.

If you depend on Linkedin, you depend on Linkedin.

If you depend on Newsletters, you depend on Spamfilters.

Every channel has its risk. So hedging your traffic channels is the best thing you can do. And Newsletter is the least annoying one, as Google and Facebook maximize for ad-spendings. Spamfilters don't.

> Channel Hedging

Love that concept. Really sums up the value in newsletters as an alternative means of capturing attention.

> Newsletter is the least annoying one

That's not saying much. Those are still highly annoying, to the point where I will often permanently cancel service with companies that do it.

Don't email me ads for shit, unless I told you to do that.

least annoying (in regards of the dependencies) for the publisher
I have a blog in which I publish six days a week, plus a newsletter I publish once a month. Some people prefer (and subscribe to) one over the other for various reasons. A multichannel strategy just lets me reach more people who are interested in what I'm doing.
> What is the rationale behind it?

Grab an audience that does not know about RSS/Atom news aggregators?

I've signed up for a few pre-launch subscriptions as I know I woulnd't remember to check back and have found that extremely useful.
One of the difficulties encountered with newsletters and email promotion, is that your email sending service (MailChimp, Keap/Infusionsoft, SendGrid, etc.) rates you on your customers' Spam Complaint Rate. If you exceed 0.1% complaints, you can lose your account.

Recipients at some of the more naïve addresses (Yahoo, AOL, Hotmail, MSN) have a habit of clicking on the prominent "Spam" button (instead of the "Unsubscribe" link) when all they want to do is unsubscribe. You get tarred with the wrong brush. Very frustrating.

On the other hand, spammers... I mean advertisers use many many dark practices to get users to subscribe to their spam.. i mean, ad e-mails. Some even subrscribe you by default. Some give you 30+ different checkmarks to untick to get rid of the spam. So yeah... clicking "spam", makes it easier for the rest of the people who got scammed the same way.
Call it naive if you want to, but I purposely flag all marketting emails as spam when I unsubscribe.

If it weren’t spam, I wouldn’t be unsubscribing.

If I didn’t ask for it, it’s spam. On the first instance.

And I’m not even very concerned with personally unsubscribing. Foremost I want to close the feedback loop to disempower a bad actor.

Newsletters are getting a revival because people don't have a news reader and sites stopped pushing RSS.

Basically the only unintermediated contact.

I run a newsletter (https://thisiscool.beehiiv.com/) about cool longform articles I find online, and it genuinely is nice to have a direct line to many of the people that follow and like my content (@zevulous on tiktok), especially if social media sites go down or delete my account for some reason.