Poll: Contractors, what is your hourly rate

259 points by sixhobbits ↗ HN
Poll version of [0]

> I charge $115-130 an hour. All work is 100% remote. I customize Salesforce.

> I think my rate is pretty good, but am wondering if I should charge more or if there is other tech I should specialize in that could get me a higher rate.

[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32606348

270 comments

[ 4.6 ms ] story [ 267 ms ] thread
I get that HN randomises the order of the options on polls to remove positional bias, but for a numeric poll with a natural order like this it results in horrible UX.

(Apologies for the HN meta comment)

yeah I noticed that too :(
Edit 2: I didn’t realize I was replying to OP, so what I wrote below is not very relevant.

I’ll leave it here so people can read it if they’re trying to avoid doing something else.

Original comment below

——-

As long as we’re doing HN meta comments, I’ll bring up that your “me too” reply is a pet peeve of mine.

It would’ve been better to just upvote the parent comment and not reply with “me too”. A comment like that adds nothing to the conversation.

Truly no offense is intended but the only time it’s additive is when the person saying it is notable to the conversation. Like OP, the article author, a moderator, etc.

In those cases it’s only helpful if they clearly state who they are. Otherwise, it comes off as just another person asking for attention without contributing something.

So, I downvoted your comment but wanted you to know why.

Now, that I’ve said my peace, I must find something else to procrastinate with.

Maybe I’ll continually refresh this page with the hope that I’ll get a reply and could procrastinate further by writing another long winded comment.

Bonus points if they say something I think is blatantly wrong.

Fingers crossed.

Edit: Anytime I see a “me too” comment, I sing the line from Weird Al’s “all about the pentiums”. I won’t repeat the line because it’s offensive and that’s not how I feel but I sing it every time.

I wonder if anyone else does this too.

While I agree with you, I think the exception to the rule (and maybe a few others) is the OP of a post, in this case sixhobbets is the OP.
::face palm::

Thanks for pointing that out.

I will change my downvote to an upvote.

Though I did mention that it’s acceptable for someone like OP but only when they explicitly say they’re OP. However, it would be silly for OP to keep mentioning they’re OP in every comment.

Reddit is nice in the way they give OPs comment a slight treatment to make it clear they are OP.

Sixhobbits is notable and important to me. They deeerve dignity and our respect
Aside from being OP, it would be nice if you included why they are notable and important to you.

Simply stating that someone deserves dignity and respect (which is something everyone deserves and I hope I didn’t take that away from OP) because they are important to you is empty without additional context.

This is a good argument for rewriting HN in Rust.
While we're at it, can we build a blockchain to store the votes already? It's 2022!
[Can't tell if serious.]

Remember the Slashdot equivalent of blockchaining everything? "Imagine a Beowulf cluster of those!"

Perhaps we could fund HN by issuing NFTs for each poll response.
I'm disappointed that we haven't talked about

a) using the GPU to accelerate the poll item sorting (EDIT: I was wrong! Someone did!)

b) rewriting not just the backend in Rust, but the whole front-end in Rust, compiling to WebAssembly. (Drawing the whole thing into the canvas instead of using the icky DOM, too!)

c) Machine learning wasn't mentioned once

Vanilla HN votes considered harmful
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Alternative HN Front-ends (2008) (PDF) (Embedded Second-Life Metaverse)
Written in Ruby though[0] and pretty badly at that (or so they claim themselves)

[0] https://github.com/lobsters/lobsters

By glancing at the link they provide, "quite sad" is obviously a reference to the top comment on the reddit thread, where someone immediately shits on the whole project by pointing to one line of code that they don't approve of.
An Arc to Rust transpiler would do a much better job than a manual rewrite!
I suppose we can find a consultant for that in this thread.
In addition to being written in Rust, make sure it's also GPU accelerated.
Drop in some blockchain for added goodness.
Hahahahahahaha this made me lose some of my coffee.

Who volunteers to write the data analytics in Julia?

It's a shame that you can't do a multi part poll. I'd love to know people's rates _and_ their years of experience, language, industry, etc.
The Stackoverflow Survey gives a great insight i to these metrics: https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2022/
'Students' have 4.86 years of professional coding experience according to the survey, which is just weird. Given that, I wouldn't trust the data much.
Many compsci students I know are now doing internships in their freshmen year. By the time their seniors they're often balancing school with some other sort of ongoing program

I'm sure that number is inflated, but there's still some truth to it

For it to be actual full time experience in a 5 year program, almost every student would have to work full time their whole college to get to that number. I worked summers and almost full time in my masters, which was above average for my college, and I don't know if I got to equivalent two years full-time.

It is possible people mistook "professional experience" for "experience", but that still takes the data into question.

Yeah fair enough. Clearly this is most likely just a direct result of job postings over-relying on "minimum X years of experience, no exception" clauses. If truths didn't get stretched, very few people would ever qualify for tech jobs haha
84.7/hr 15 years experience Polyglot, full stack, DevOps, and Linux Sysmin Industry: Tech Area: Hampton Roads, Virginia
I bet you could raise your rate quite a bit. I'm 20y exp mostly typescript and front ends these days but very much a polyglot background and I run up and down the stack all the time. I charge $225, which tbh I feel is low for my level of expertise. I'm based in NYC but that shouldn't matter as much these days.
I think there’s successful business (essentially, niche glassdoor) for this. Someone please make it.

For more explanation: https://unvalidated-ideas.vadosware.io/editions/012

A Blind-like site for contracting would be awesome too

(Blind is a site where devs mainly discuss salaries)

That’s a GREAT idea. If someone doesn’t pick this idea up (please tell me if you do so I can at least save myself time!) I’ll put something out next week.
(comment deleted)
I don't actually have a flat rate, I charge anywhere between $65/hr to $250/hr depending on what I'm doing, where I'm doing it, who I'm working with and most importantly - how exhausting/annoying my client is.
Exactly. Fixed rate is not a good idea. Not every job is the same. For instance, if you have to do intervention on highly critical system with risk of reputation loss on any error, you should charge more.
And on the same note, I often work with charities and educational orgs who I just don't feel like charging a high rate to, because I want to help with their work.
Without location (or "remote" specified), this is almost 100% useless. Someone who is top 1% developer in Sudan, working for Sudanese companies will earn way less than even a mediocre freelance developer in a highly developed country.
That same Sudanese developer might be convinced to start working remotely if they saw how little they were paid in comparison (assuming national pride / valuing civil service isn't a strong factor).
I never really got this reasoning.

How can you honestly be “best of the best” but be dumb enough to ignore remote work. Something you almost actively have to be doing these days and which, for this hypothetical person, has an insane payoff.

This person is supposedly both super smart but at the same time can’t even see the fruit that’s so low-hanging that it’s literally smacking him in the face.

"dumb enough"? Not everyone wants to work remotely. Some people prefer to work with other humans in a physical location. Doesn't make them smarter or dumber, just a preference.
Not sure. I'm not "best of the best" but I work remote because Americans pay twice as much as Europeans.
Given that the currency is in USD, I assumed a US context was implied.
I don't see why its presumed to be USD specifically. Could be any sort of Dollar, arguably. As far as I know, there are more than ten countries using some sort of "Dollar" which uses the same symbol ("$") for their currency.

But yeah, probably safe to assume USD, just playing devils advocate I guess.

Even so, on US-based platforms, like reddit or HN, USD is usually used as a "convertion unit" rather than a implication of location, I've found.

Now that the euro is at parity (more or less) it might not be the case.
Reading this post and the linked one, TIL I should charge way more.
And charging more also often has the side effect that you'll be taken more seriously. People are more likely to listen to you if you charge more because they'll place more value in your work.
People always undercharge. Any software consulting agency will charge min $125/hr and most around $175/hr.
When I was in business school 15 years ago I interned for a Big 4 consultancy, paid $40/hr (hourly on an $80K assumed salary).

Rather than do things by hand like many MBA’s, I wrote some scripts to make it easy to create lots of Excel files (can’t remember if I used a DB, I don’t think so).

Client wanted to keep me on during the year, and my employer never had that come up and didn’t know what to do. So client offered me $100/hr and said I could use a different one-guy firm as my employer to avoid new vendor set up.

They offered me $100/hr. Being an MBA student I figured I was being undervalued (even at 2.5X, as I was doing both engineering and MBA BS). My manager very firmly but nicely said $100 was an excellent rate. I agreed and did 10-15 hours a week, mostly training 2 employees at the consultancy how to do what I did and move away from my non-standard scripts.

Sometimes you’re offered the right rate upfront!

The plumber I called recently in the Austin metro area charges $150/hr.
An electrician finishes up a wiring job for a lawyer and presents her with an invoice.

The lawyer looks at it and says, "Wow, I don't even charge that much per hour and I'm a lawyer"

The electrician says, "Tell me about it. I didn't charge that much when I was a lawyer either"

Similar in Chicago. Electricans as well
I assume your plumber isn't getting 8 hours per day though. A lot of time in wasted in commuting and paperwork (I assume).
I’ve interacted with probably close to 50 contractors of various trades for my house. They all insist on physically coming to give an estimate and a good chunk end up completely ghosting you. Most of them could have done an estimate over zoom -- definitely an interesting bunch of folks.

I found thumbtack to be pretty good for small jobs.

The reason for the physical visit is because a lot of trades work is the computer equivalent of "hey, I just want to get Okta retrofitted to this web app", where that the web app is 25,000 lines of php and perl written at various different times by developers of varying skill levels.
That seems to be changing. I've had a couple give me an estimate over text/email and when I ask if they want to come look at it, they are obviously reluctant to do so.

They're probably also being ghosted by their prospects and don't want to waste the drive time.

My neighbor will have 4-5 contractors come over to quote a job. Half the time he ends up doing it himself.
Ghosting is because they don't need your work right now and are kind of dumb or ADD with bad "back office". The ones who don't ghost want onsite estimates too, because they want to size you up as a legit client, and make a sales impression. (Smooth talking white guys for the estimate, Latin Americans for the work, possibly day laborers not employees)

Small ones like leaky pipe or drywall, when the owner (or sole proprietor) is the laborer, they just come out and do on first visit.

Two confounding factors:

1. billed hours in the trades don't include travel to or from the worksite; if the plumber is 30 minutes from you and the job takes an hour, they're already down to $75/hr.

2. software contracting can be done from anywhere. You can live in rural Kentucky and charge a high rate. But plumbers and electricians in rural Kentucky probably aren't charging $150/hr for house calls.

In my country in Europe the guys who put bathroom tiles make more hourly than java developers.
As he should; tiling is highly skilled labor -- closer to applied art than construction, really -- and destroys your body.
We work with Java devs in the Balkans and $70-130/hr is normal.

Where in Europe do tile guys make more than that? (I’m assuming that Java rates have some global or at least EU stickiness)

Java dev pay is far far more variable than tile laying: $20-$130/hr
$20-130/hr seems to be a reasonable range for tile laying (at least in California). A semi-skilled day laborer may charge $150/day and $100/hr is reasonable or even hard to find for a highly skilled artisan.
I can't decide if the plumber should be charging more or less. It's hard to put a value on not having to go outside to an outhouse.
I get the not having to part, but I wish it was acceptable to have one in our backyards.

If it’s well built, they’ll be less odourful than a standard toilet/bathroom by drawing air away from where it’s the worst.

Are they dealing with blackwater or copper or pex? Because any fool can do pex and soldering honestly doesn’t take much skill, and no amount is too much for dealing with some stranger’s blackwater.
I'm not currently billing for contract work, but when I was my formula was:

    rate = YearlyGoal / 1700
Which is to say, 2000 hours at 85% billable (leaving time for vacation).

Some years I was 105% billable but those are brutal years and I'm sure my life will be shorter for it.

You must have been pretty good at billing every single hour you spend on your clients.

I was once told that it's unwise to expect to bill more than 50% of the time I spend, so I've been sticking close to $target_income / 1000 for the last few years. The actual ratio of billable to unbillable hours probably depends a lot on what kind of contracts you get and what type of work you do.

For my full-stack AWS/Node/.Net/React/Vue.js contracts I usually charge 90-150€ depending on clients. 7 years of professional experience.
You're going to get wildly different answers from people who

1) Contracting for the same company all the time (common with people outside the US contracting 40 hrs/week with a US company). These hourly rates will be much lower

2) Contracting for many different companies. These hourly rates are much higher because you need to budget for idle time, searching for your next contract, etc.

As contracting blends into consulting, you can easily get into a situation where your on-the-clock time is very valuable but you're not actually on-the-clock all that much. It doesn't mean you're not doing anything but you may be writing/speaking/researching/etc. for "free."
(comment deleted)
Is $125/hr for 8 hours a day 5 days a week at a corporation (in lieu of salary) competitive?
What's the yearly rate? If you take 3 weeks/year of vacation (standard PTO for a full-time employee in the US), that's $245,000 cash comp. Excluding the SV/HN outliers, that is an extremely good salary for even a senior developer.

Until very recently Amazon's cash comp was capped at $160k. Startups lean very heavily on perks and paper stock that is worth nothing 95% of the time. Wider industry (banks, mom/pop shops, design firms, etc) will top out at high 100k/low 200k and usually don't have bonuses more than 3-5% of salary and almost never offer stock.

> that is an extremely good salary for even a senior developer.

Is there any kind of "outlier" there with like... it's good for a senior developer but not a principal/architect level developer?

I'm just curious why the poll on this post has people saying they are making $150-$300/hr... Are they "lying" and it isn't steady 40 hour a week pay?

Architect and developer are very different roles, you can be good at one and terrible at the other. And honestly it's going to be hard for you to convince me that a quarter million a year is not a good cash comp for any level of developer.

I don't think anybody is lying but if your first reaction is to compare consulting/contracting engagements with W2 FTE salaries you're just in for a bad time. They're just too different. $300/hr does not immediately correlate to $600k/yr (in fact it almost never does).

If you go solely for the true contracting, long term staff aug type engagements then you can completely fill your pipeline and it correlates well

You’ll need to worry about finding new clients at most twice a year, and can easily find gigs through recruiters or agencies if you don’t wanna do your own marketing

Granted it doesn’t pay as well - low risk low reward

If you’re quite experienced in a certain tech (nothing special, for example just Rails) 150+ is quite doable even subcontracting or on long 6mos+ engagements where you don’t worry much about finding clients

I subcontracted for about 6mos with a late stage startup at closer to the 100/hr rate, then negotiated up to closer to 150 for the next 6

I wasn’t doing anything special, literally just another dev on a given team just without benefits and without having to attend company events or having a boss

And this was my first ever contracting engagement too (was all fulltime before that)

Based on my experience as a Canadian who has done the 40-hour week "contracting" thing (basically they were too lazy to set up Canadian payroll), I'd say definitely!
Yes 125 CAD/ 40 hours a week "Contracting" is very doable in Canada. Especially for a USA company.
Varies greatly for me. Generally $120, but only because I give good clients a 20% discount, but I'll go down to $60 for work that I really want to do.
I can't edit it now, but of course it's ambiguous as to where the boundaries lie so please take the upper limits as EXCLUSIVE.

e.g. if you charge exactly $100, rather pick $100-$150 and NOT $70-$100.

I think this chart [0] should automatically update with the data from here, but let's see if it works.

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vTcsaHx997nt...

Thanks! Note that the x axis isn't fully in the correct order.
thanks, fixed. Also Google seems to cache aggressively, so it doesn't update even if I edit a cell.
How does this work? Is it populating a spreadsheet with xml?
Yes you can do importhtml in a spreadsheet and find the tables or lists so I just used that and then some hacks vlookups to put into a table with the correct ordering
Salesforce is an interesting one - many eng leaders don’t consider it “engineering” because they aren’t that familiar with the platform (often the salesforce devs are grouped in the the salesforce admins in their minds, and organizationally the salesforce devs often sit under IT), so it’s a problem they don’t think about much.

Then they are surprised when they find themselves desperately needing the skill set once the business has decided to do a big salesforce thing and not having anyone on hand who a) can do apex / knows salesforce or b) is willing to do it.

So they often turn to salesforce speciality agencies and pay through the nose.

To answer your question - I’ve seen salesforce agencies bill their developers and designers at a blended rate of $170-$200 for $1M+ projects for onshore (US) talent. I suspect if you are a decent software engineer who knows salesforce well you can probably find clients willing to pay higher rates.

These are sweet rates. How do you get your foot in the door for such work? Is there a way to apprentice for it, I don't think I would need much time to get up to speed, I did some minor SF work but nothing that would qualify me for such projects.
These are the rates that the agencies certified by salesforce as “platinum” “gold” etc charge their customers. One idea is to start by working for one of those agencies, figure out how the system works, how salesforce refers them to their customers, etc and then when you feel like you have enough connections start your own agency to charge those rates.
> nothing that would qualify me for such projects

In my experience on the client side of a contracting relationship, that doesn't seem to give the agencies pause at all...

(As a sometimes consultant, though, I'd never bid on a project I couldn't confidently do.)

And from my experience on the "agency" side, it's at most a minor speedbump.

Client wants us to do what? Oh, I found some tutorials online and there's a lot of StackOverflow posts on the topic. Also, Jim says he did something kinda like that about 5 years ago and thinks he still remembers some of it. Let's SWAG it at $200k estimate for T&M and see if they bite.

In the 5 years I worked at an engineering services (embedded systems) company, I remember exactly ONE project we didn't bid on and that's because I kept saying over and over that we'd lose our shirt on it if we even tried.

Do you want to do it as an independent or with a consulting firm?

If independent, go to Trailhead.com setup an account and start getting some badges (there's a lot for Apex)/ developer certifications (Platform Dev I is a good one). They're kind of a pain, but relatively straightforward and are a good, in ecosystem, way to show prospects you know what Salesforce is.

If you want to work for a firm and have development experience, find a Salesforce consulting firm you like, and see if they'll hire developers who don't know Salesforce. Many will since Salesforce devs can be hard to find.

Working on Salesforce can get a bit wonky at times (like any platform), but the primary back language (Apex) is a Java derivative and will be vary familiar to anyone with Java or C# experience. Front end dev work uses web components which are similar to react. Overall I like it since the platform takes care of a lot of boilerplate and lets me focus on solving the actual business problems. My email is in my profile if anyone wants to reach out and talk about it more.

What is Salesforce dev? Is it webapps, but using Salesforce framework instead of RoR or Django?
CTO here, but I built the first bits of our SF setup. It’s essentially a fully cloud hosted rapid development environment that gives you a database and ways to visualise and do crud on this. For line of business stuff this can be really powerful. As a dev, it’s mostly around gluing the bits between and around the key crud actions and doing meta presentation and interface stuff.
Salesforce dev has evolved heavily in the last 10 years. Nowadays, depending on the project, you can be working on integrations most of the time, complex automations, and/or front end development through the Lightning Web Components framework. Last project I did a fair amount of work integrating Salesforce with AWS, using Lambda to talk to other services. It was pretty fun!
It's usually a soupy mix of salesforce API integration work and wading through tons and tons of programmery-looking user interfaces.

It's not hard, but it requires an incredible amount of overhead to first understand various different salesforce specific concepts and then understand the various different broken workflows your company has adopted using those concepts.

This is important information even for non-contractors.

I was interviewing for a position several years ago. They had zero software people at the time (the last guy quit) and one of the hardware engineers in frustration told me they were contracting some company (2 guys in barn) for like $50k a month. Since I would be replacing them I aimed high, but still well below them. Company didn't even question my salary. If I'm not mistaken they gave me "manager" title simply to put my pay in the right bracket, but that also meant my bonus was higher than most the other engineers.

Know what a company is willing to pay for work, contract or not.

Now that I've been on the other side (hiring contractors as a company exec) after many years being a contractor, I kind of see it differently. Unfortunately a lot of this stuff (seeing someone's worth) is often gut feeling.

We have had a couple contractors bill us on the higher side like you but in their case, I knew they were worth it. Even though it was a lot of money for us, we saw it as a "will they bring that much value and more?" I knew that they wouldn't just code, they would meaningfully move the company's foundational technology forward, mentor the team, etc.

And they did exactly that. If we did have revenue pressure, they'd be the first ones whose hours we'd cut down (but they're so talented they'd find more work in a few hours). But it wasn't hard to justify getting them on board.

I had one devops firm quote me $250/hr but quite honestly, I haven't worked with them yet. So it was a very easy no (it was more likely they would've put a random person worth 1/3 of that on our project). But for the right person (someone who performs at a very high level), for the right period of time (these folks get a lot done quickly), even that rate is palatable to companies.

I will just say that it’s never 1:1 because contractors come with way less benefit and legal baggage than employees. I’ve had a CFO tell me he’s willing to pay 2x-3x salary to get the same work from contractors.
Also any contractor has to request 2x-3x more than when receiving a salary, to cover for extra expenses and taxes and for extra risks (time when no contract is obtained).
>> I’ve had a CFO tell me he’s willing to pay 2x-3x salary

I took that into account. I made between 100k and 200k per year vs the other guys 600k for the same work, which I arguably did better since it was my specialty. The company really was being taken for a ride by the contractors (if what I was told was true).

Companies being taken for a ride by contractors: 100% happens. I’ve seen it first hand from the head offices. In both cases it was “we’re going with product X because it’s supposed to be the best. Does anyone here have expertise in it? No? Good thing the vendor has trusted partners.”

One contracting company had the audacity to fly in two carloads of “experts” before the system was even set up. They lingered and deflected even the most basic questions about the product.

Hell, less baggage _in general_ … they’re not gonna get offended easily, have adamant work styles, wanna just play politics etc

They just come in and get shit done

These $300+ guys must be COBOL programmers
The reason there's a COBOL developer shortage and every shitty company is crying is because they're not actually paying very well. If they were willing to pay that much there would be no problems finding COBOL people.
Yeah I had this misconception as well. These guys are very poorly paid a lot of the time.
Started at $40/hour, met someone who told me I was hugely undercharging for my services and devaluing my work, so increased to $100/hour (which improved my relationship with my clients and had the nice side effect of being taken seriously), then $125, $150 and eventually had a couple of clients I wasn't that keen on that I decided to charge $300 per hour to see if they'd balk or not. They didn't.

It does mean that now the majority of my work is the work for those exhausting clients that pay very well. Not great for my work/life balance, great for my bank account.

What kind of work if you don’t mind me asking? And do you get embedded in a team like their other engineers or solo?
Do you increase to $100 with the leverage of new clients willing to pay that much, or do you just say "yeah I'm $100 now"?
It would be poor form to change rates mid-project, and difficult to do if there's a formal agreement or statement of work involved. As I get to the end of a project I start looking around for something new, if there's more than one option I use rate to help decide which one to do. If one project (A) is more interesting or I like the customer better, they get the current rate $x quoted, but the other (B) gets $x+25. With an offer from B in hand, it's easier to ask A to match, and almost always they do. Same with salary negotiations - much easier to negotiate from a position with options.
Totally agreed on having options.

One thing I recommend to folks: have a high base rate and then discount for things you really want to work on. People really like discounts, and the high nominal rate establishes you as important/worthy. It's also a good way to work toward increasing existing clients. If you tell them, "My base rate is now X, but as established clients I'll give you the old rate for one more project," that lets them feel special and gives them time to adjust.

I find discounts to be a bit of a double edged swords, clients who have received a discount eventually expect you to always give them discounts...

What I've done in the past however for projects I believed in is to give a steep discount in exchange for revenue share. That works a lot better for early stage startups and has been hit and miss but I did get one good success out of this.

There’s a lawyers joke about being careful about throwing out an absurd rate for a client you really don’t want to take without saying no, but then they accept and you’re like, crap.
If you need $x/hr and the draining clients are willing to pay you $3x/hr, have you considered spending a third to half of your time on those clients, and the remainder of your time doing absolutely whatever you want?

A full week of stuff you don't want to be doing is exhausting, but a couple of days of it in return for a four or five day weekend can feel very different.

I'm currently building enough nest egg to retire in a couple of years. So while it's a bit exhausting, there's a clear end of the line.

I'm not going to actually retire but I've always wanted to do a phd and there's not much money there to be made so with a kid, I'd rather have enough to no longer worry :)

Yes, yes, yes. So many technical people vastly undercharge. My firm experience is that the more you charge, the better people listen.
A good rule of thumb is to take your annual salary and divide by 1000. That's your hourly rate.

If you make $100K, charge $100/hr - which if fully booked is like $200K if you did it full time. That accounts for your overhead, your pipeline not always being full, etc.

The overhead on an employee is more like 20–30%, not 100%.

Separately, the value of a contractor is different than the value of an employee, so why should the prices be equivalent (even taking overhead into account). As a contractor, you're not only help the client with a project but you're also saving them the time, effort, and risk of bringing someone in full-time... Why not charge for that?

> The overhead on an employee is more like 20–30%, not 100%.

That's a separate question, and personally I prefer double as a rule of thumb (I've read some studies to support that number) - but 20% is outright wrong. You'd pay 20% for office space rent alone. Employer portion of payroll taxes are 7.65% and health insurance in the group markets is $600/mth. Then add in legal, hardware, software, servers, HR tools, accountants - it adds up fast.

However my point was that it accounts not just for your overhead (remember you have significantly worse economy of scale at 1) but also, and this is critical, your pipeline not always being full. As a contractor you won't always have a job, and you should account for that in your estimation.

> As a contractor, you're not only help the client with a project but you're also saving them the time, effort, and risk of bringing someone in full-time... Why not charge for that?

You are, about double.

Like I said, $100K/yr -> $100/hr is $208K/yr.

This isn't a perfect system, but it's a good rule of thumb.

[1] https://www.iofficecorp.com/blog/space-management-empty-desk

For those in the US, how much do you all pay for "benefits"? Healthcare, etc...
An FTE will pay anywhere from $200-$1000/mo for single person healthcare (subsidized by the employer. A contractor will pay closer to $1000-2000/mo for similar coverage. Retirement is pretty shit even when company matched, so the numbers are mostly even between contractor and FTE.
The easy solution to this is have a spouse that has a fulltime job and has benefits.
I did side consulting at $70 for someone getting a business off the ground.

After the company was more up and running, I switched to a flat $1,000 per day to avoid being asked to do too many "small" tasks.

who are these poor souls in the "Under $20" and "$20-$40" range?
Me, used to do full-time-style remote contract work for a company in Europe, and my hourly rate was $10/h. Granted it was still good money compared to where I live, but there you go.

Now moved to and working in Europe as a TAC engineer for $18.5/h.

I live in KZ, I'm not sure if I'm qualified as a contractor as I mostly work for the same company, but technically I'm contractor. My current rate is around $15. I'm making like 3x of everyone around me, so not really poor.
> so not really poor

I think this highlights an issue with this poll: the potentially huge disparity in cost of living.

Where I live (Western Canada) this is below our minimum wage mandated by law. But renting a single bedroom apartment is also nearing $2000/month.

I own single bedroom apartments and my monthly payment is $20 for electricity, water, etc and $10 for Internet. Plus $10 at winter for heating.

Renting single bedroom apartment must be something around $500 here for good apartments and down to $200 if you're not very picky (we don't really use concept of bedroom, we use total number of rooms excluding kitchen, and one-room apartments probably are most popular for renting).

I did some freelance work for $30 which is matching my current salary, which is actually very high over here (Thailand, iOS developer). I never went all in on freelancing, so it's hard to push for high salaries. Most 'remote' I've found is just within-america-remotely or Europe, etc, as well.
I freelance as well from Thailand (mobile dev), currently at 65 AUD per hour. I do plan to aim for 80 - 100 USD per hour next year, I think it’s possible.
Right I am not saying it is impossible. I am just too comfortable and ingrained working locally for so many years that I don't really feel like jumping out and managing the taxes, visas, and so on that will come with it. I wouldn't do $30 if it was my main work, I just wanted to give one example of someone doing it and why.
Yeah if you do work 100% legal, it could be a hassle. Sadly the current rules in Thailand regarding remote work make 100% legal working quite difficult if you're a 1-person company.

But if you setup an offshore company in another country (e.g. Seychelles) you pay a small yearly fee (e.g. 1500 EUR) and would be able to keep all of your income, provided you don't send the money to Thailand in the same year that you've earned it (so you need about a year in savings to live on). In such situations I think it's not too much work involved.

Regulations for digital nomads might improve soon in Thailand I believe, so working legally as a single person company in Thailand could become easier hopefully.

I have looked into it quite a bit, even with the company workaround I would still not be allowed to actually do the work from Thailand due to not having a work permit. I know it is not enforced and all that, it would just take a really really solid salary/rate for me to uproot my current life and go that way.
Here in the Czech Republic, ~50 USD is about the top end of consulting firms' hourly rates, at least from the contracts I see (public sector). 40 USD would be very respectable for personal hourly income.
I remember when I was starting out (~2 years of professional experience at the time) I was contracting as a ROR fullstack developer for a San Francisco startup for $17/h. Local salary in Russia as Java developer before that was around $2.6/h. So that I felt pretty rich doing that.

I remember I used to only bill for like 70% of hours I worked because I felt bad if there was some task that I couldn't implement right away or a bug I had to figure out.

These days my rate is about $60/h working for a US company with 9 years of experience.

When I worked remotely in Pattaya I met a Russian PHP dev who had been living in Pattaya for half a year. At the time he earned 7 USD per hour through Upwork.

We connected and now we both work for an Aussie company as freelancers (me doing mobile). Now he has a much more reasonable rate at around 40 USD which is quite ok in Malaysia (where he moved to).

People who don't have to pay for insulin with their kidney.
Me. Someone who has 10 years of experience and I feel absolutely terrible charging companies insane amount of money doing work that I don't feel like provide that much value to society compared to other way more important jobs that are paid way less.

As a result I decided to base my rates on what's the average for my particular position in my country. This way I feel at least a bit less guilty.

I’m sub-$20. My only work post-graduation (CS) has been a contract with a non-tech org that can’t really afford it. It’s remote, and I currently live in a US state with barely any tech companies.
I live in Argentina and my salary is in that range, the company I work for sell software consultancy services to another company in Europe, and I'm full time dedicated to a single project.

It's a good salary here, though I think some are making more by working directly with clients abroad, but it's difficult to bring your money to the country.

Faang still pays better…

But below that contracting beats everything else, assuming you can get a fullish pipeline