Ask HN: Offline resources during internet outages?

156 points by beefield ↗ HN
I have a feeling that the risk for different infrastructure problems has increased here in Europe. Assuming internet outage for somewhat extended time, what would be good resources/tools to keep locally just in case? Some that I can think quickly from the top of my head might be:

- offline wikipedia

- offline stackoverflow

- youtube-dl

- libgen (are there tools to download e.g. only some genres?)

134 comments

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- Offline email client (eg. Thunderbird, Outlook) with claendar sync

- Offline contacts (I print mine out on paper every 6 months)

- Google offline maps

- Decent calculator

- QR & barcode scanner

- copy of legislation

- phone book

What do you mean by a copy of legislation? Why would it be useful?
It's a good idea ...

It's work you can do offline... If you're in a position where you are asked to review sections of a contract.

while not a lawyer myself, our lawyers tend to send over documents with technical requirements highlighted for review.. e.g. "Use TLS 1.1 or greater"

There's also things like HECVAT or similar documents

I've heard that Americans get sued/like to sue a lot.
Are you saying that citizens of a certain country prefer to have their rights defended(if wronged) and are familiar in using the mechanisms provided to them by the legal system? Then yes, some people "like" to have their rights defended.
Ah yes because people in Europe and the rest of the world are lawless and don't like to defend their rights

The truth is that this system profits to a lot of people and "profit above all" is also a corner stone of american culture, other places have regulations against these as a lot of it is deemed abusive.

https://www.acsh.org/news/2019/12/27/blame-and-claim-can-we-...

If you burn yourself with coffee and sue the restaurant, or crash your e scooter and sue the city for having ... sidewalks you're not defending you're rights, you're being a clown

A civil law system in high use suggests it's more affordable and accessible and hence, useful than one that is not.

As to the coffee, it seems you've fallen prey to clever PR by one of those "profit above all" entities you seem to despise. From [1]:

> There was a famous lawsuit in the 1990s, Liebeck v. McDonald’s Restaurants, in which a 79-year-old woman sued McDonald’s because the coffee she had bought, and spilled, was too hot. Thanks to some very good PR by the chain, it was widely seen as a ridiculous suit — a sign of how crazily litigious the U.S. had become, and how everyone was desperate to sue themselves rich. People thought the litigant was driving at the time of the spill, which she wasn’t, and that she was unharmed and just out to make a buck, which also wasn’t true — she required skin grafts for third-degree burns and was permanently disfigured by the incident, plus only took it to a lawsuit after McDonald’s offered her what she saw as an insulting $800 sum.

> McDonald’s were selling their coffee at completely bonkers temperatures — an undrinkably hot 190 degrees, close to boiling point and guaranteed to burn any human flesh it came into contact with (but also guaranteed to keep it fresh in the store longer, a money-saving move).

[1] https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/5-coffee-myths-legends

Have you tried drinking coffee that you didn't know was 190F/88C until you were already severely burnt and disfigured? No? Then don't presume to know better than the defendant about their actions.
The sympathy just pours off you - weren't you lamenting the putting of profits for people before? Ronnie's was selling coffee far above the temperature one should expect because it served their profit margin better.

I don't expect you to necessarily follow the link but you could've read the quote before replying.

Sueing and defending your rights are different things. Let’s not generalize and motivate with profit seeking, as there are a lot of people who should sue to defend their rights and win, but don’t. So to simply state “for profit” is not accurate.
Maybe there’s something different about Europeans where it’s not necessary to sue, and lots of people DO profit from it. BUT I actually met the lawyers for that McDonald’s coffee case and the woman involved was not being a clown, she was a victim of a corporation that put her in harms way to make a few bucks.

The coffee was dangerously hot (hotter than is safe, so hot that regulations would require wearing safety equipment to hold) and she got burned at McDonald’s when it spilled and gave her third degree burns. I think a more likely reality is that Europeans drink coffee at a safe temperature (and not to-go) and European companies don’t overheat their coffee for their car-centric culture to ignore until their morning commute is over.

It helps to make people sweat when you break out your pocket dictionary sized edition of legislation with many little post-it book marks and thumb through to relevant sections mid conversation.
> - Google offline maps

Or offline Openstreetmap in, e.g., maps.me app.

raspberry pi (some low energy home computer) serving nextcloud, offline wikipedia and OSM.
> OSM

OSM offline maps are great! They came useful for me so many times when traveling. It doesn't even have to be an internet disruption. You may end up without signal in some weird place and OSM is there for you. And the maps are not that large - keeping the whole continent available on the phone is trivial.

Paper maps also a good idea during the apocalypse.
I use SingleFileZ to store web pages for future reference, and have Recoll scan them to search through them.
A tool like Dash/Zeal to have a searchable local copy of dev documentation.

I use it even when online because it's simply much quicker and a coherent UI across many languages.

Good tips in this thread, I have relied on books for offline periods but some other documentation can't be a bad thing to add to my library.
Never heard of books?
The textual information of all books ever written is around 10s of TB.

So if the goal is to store all books for a rainy day, you can buy a grand of storage or you can build the largest library on earth.

That said, a few books would be wise in case of severe energy loss (it would have to be very severe to make running something like a kindle prohibative, but if we're playing doomer then I'll accept a couple of shelves would be sensible).

1. Books

2. It is OK to get bored. Your mind will start racing the creative track like crazy when you are allowed to be bored.

3. People. Talk to people. Of late, I have found this to be a really good exercise. Listen to the two extremes -- the very young people (20-ish) with their wild, rough, ideas and the old (60+) with their experiences, regrets, suggestions.

I used to teach and consult regarding emergency preparedness to individuals and on TV...

Just some quick notes:

- Have an AM/FM radio with batteries.

- There still is OTA TV, make sure you have a TV with a tuner and an antenna available.

- Have a method to collect, store and treat water.

- Have lots of bleach around for sanitization.

- Have a way to collect and dispose of human waste.

- Have a way to cook.

- Take pictures of everything in your home, and copies of your documents.

- Cigarettes (or is it vaping supplies nowadays) and alcohol is great bartering material. Used to keep these on hand when I lived in hurricane country. Also have cash.

- Lastly have at least 6 different ways to make coffee. :)

Take a Friday night and turn off your electricity and water then just practice until Saturday morning. Find what works or where you need improvement. Then do it again, this time from a Friday night until Saturday night. Find what works or where you need improvement. Then try it again for a solid three days.

I've taught many persons regarding wilderness survival and emergency preparedness, and honestly you finding yourself stuck at home is the most real world situation you will find yourself in, not naked in the jungle with a member of the opposite sex. And what I have observed the most, are people suddenly being taken away from their dopamine hits from TV, social media and their phones really messes with them and adds additional stressors in a situation. Practice not having these constant stimuli. It will make the actual survival part easier.

>> Assuming internet outage for somewhat extended time

> Have a method to collect, store and treat water [...] Have a way to collect and dispose of human waste.

Well, that escalated quickly.

> Well, that escalated quickly.

These types of situations do. That is why you prepare.

Underrated answer. I’ll probably re-rank as (1) figuring out who your critical people are and making arrangements to allow reciprocal or even asymmetrical time commitments. bonus here: take the time to know your neighbors and your village/town/city. (2) learning the art of doing nothing (3) books: philosophy books of the generalist kind help here as they don’t bore you with ‘bullshit’ subject matter deep dives. Also the so-called holy books (eg bible, qur’an, etc). Absence of internet might be good time to think about why so many around the world revere the sayings in these books.
Interesting question but I wonder what would be the risks on the infrastructure in Europe ? IMO, apart from Eastern Europe (and still), the major risk would be on energy cuts. But in this case, that means that you would need to have an autonomous way of producing electricity for running these local ressources. Maybe physical books are more reliable ?
Things that cut energy far away can also potentially damage fibers.
I'm running a local transparent package cache. Both because it's much faster that way and because I can reinstall things without internet.
Did you handroll it or do you have some images/scripts up somewhere for us to follow in your footsteps?
There's a few language-specific projects out there. You can do it all using simple nginx / squid / ... caching, but with language-specific services you get more clever behaviour. Gemstash for example can handle the cached index serving only in cases if the upstream is not available. Apt-cacher-ng is nice for deb repos and can handle deltas.

So I recommend something like squid for "stuff in general" and specialised proxies for repositories you use often / care about more.

I've shaved these yaks before and I was hoping you had something cool and integrated and drop-in. Thank you for the reply, though. :)
Huh, that reminds me where just about every disto came with package of a bunch of linux-related howtos, I learned so much from them back in those days
Plex.

A local and self-hosted Spotify, Netflix, Google Photos, etc.

For coding and work I think it's unlikely to be productive for innovative things due to libs that you'd need not being available to you, i.e. `go get` won't work. You can do maintenance, etc and still be using Git but as soon as you encounter the "thing you needed to download you didn't know you needed" you're going to be stuck. As for Stack Overflow, there's a lot of joy in having a few good technical books to resort to and to fall back on reasoning about things a little more.

I would say an offline MDN would be very nice and it turns out that does exist https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/plus/docs/features/offli...

So perhaps the thing here is to encourage other sites to allow an offline mode with local storage.

Agree. Was handy when I moved home and was waiting for a new service to get connected.
I try to put all my tips tricks and ideas into a tiddlywiki.com as it is a full featured wiki that runs as a self contained HTML file that runs offline. Fantastic for offline documentation.
Putting aside the fact that such an event would be catastrophic for our civilization and would end it in bursts of Mad Max like rebellions...

.. so putting aside that ...

I would welcome Internet being down either for an extended amount of time, or not being reliable at all and just working, say, 2 random hours a day.

. would be back to my vacation as a teenager in th e80's where I had book, the 3 TV channels (this was France, so actually 2, because nobody was watching France 3) and friends I meet outside to chat.

It would be truly wonderful, but I really, really hope it will not happen.

This paradoxical sentiment is something I'm familiar with. The establishment sucks and is broken and is holding humanity back, but the alternative is terrifying. I've always thought I would have been better off in a pre-digital age (or post-digital?), but at the same time, I love the digits. And you're right, there would be blood.
> It would be truly wonderful

Well here in Iran we are going through that as we speak (there are ongoing protests and government has shut down the internet, it is only available early in the morning). Wanna trade places?

You have energy. Its not obvious BrandoElFillito will. Come April, he might want to swap. Western leaders are already kissing ME tyrants' butts. One cold winter, and Habeck will look to cuddle with your Mullahs for warmth.
I am not sure about your comment. I never told I would be happy to be in an oppressed place. I would be glad to not have Internet (or have an unreliable one, available only sometime) because I miss the time where there was less information available.

That's all.

My son is in close contact with a girl in Iran and I know how tough this is - but this completely beside the point I wanted to make.

Sorry, maybe I reacted inappropriately. But I think we don't realize what a privilege reliable access to internet is, until it is taken away.
I get what you are saying, especially in a case where Internet is the only reliable way to get information in or out of your country.

I work in IT, spend my free time coding personal stuff and what is left - it is used to read on Internet various sources of information. This is the reason I would be glad if this was a bit limited, so that people need to go to libraries to read something, and not be overwhelmed by information.

When I go trekking in places where there is no access to Internet I get a satellite phone for the sake of security. I like these times where I simply cannot connect anywhere and have to fill my head with other things (thoughts, reading, discussing, ...)

>would end it in bursts of Mad Max like rebellions...

Have you not lived through a natural disaster such as a hurricane or earthquake? The power grid (and thus Internet) are down for days, sometimes weeks. The running water stops, and refrigerated food spoils.

Do you know what happens? It is not Mad Max style chaos. Businesses open their doors to help everyone free of charge. Neighbors share water. People help each other.

No, I have not lived through a natural disaster where a set of very localized resources are temporarily unavailable (for a few days).

If there was a general failure of Internet on the level of a country for an extended (weeks) amount of time then it would be chaos. a lot of information would not go though, you would not be able to pay in stores, hospital data could be unavailable, travel would be highly disrupted etc.

If Internet breaks locally, what comes from outside this "locally" still works. If this si for a limited time people will manage.

As someone said, we are a few meals away from the collapse of our civilization.

Since you mention the power grid: the generally accepted idea of the Earth hitting a solar flare and having its power grid seriously damaged (and electronics) is that it would be doomsday.

> If there was a general failure of Internet on the level of a country for an extended (weeks) amount of time then it would be chaos.

I'm curious if you are very young?

Life doesn't depend on the internet.

Take hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico in 2017. Wiped out electricity, phones and water for many many weeks for the lucky and for multiple months for many people. The unluckiest areas were without power for a year or more.

Life goes on. To great inconvenience, but things keep going.

The worst is being without water. As long as there is water, being without electricity or internet for weeks is no big deal. (Except of course for people who depend on life support equipment.)

I am in my 50's, so hardly "very young" :)

During these times you mention, were hospitals closed? Shops closed without anything coming in? No banks working? No fuel? Nothing being brought to the people?

If so I would seriously be glad to understand how they survived (I am very serious).

Otherwise it was a localized shutdown, with the rest of the country coming in to help and bring in what was not available locally. Life does depend on Internet and power on a more global scale.

> I am in my 50's, so hardly "very young" :)

Interesting! So you remember a normal life without internet.

> During these times you mention, were hospitals closed? Shops closed without anything coming in? No banks working? No fuel? Nothing being brought to the people?

Plenty has been written (search Puerto Rico Maria 2017) if you're curious.

Everything tries to continue operating the best they can. Some places have generators so they can open some hours but fuel is difficult to get (wait in line all day for a few gallons). For many things electricity isn't that vital. Water is critical. Supplies trickle in but slowly, so most places run out of everything. Share with neighbors and figure it out.

It's all very difficult, but society doesn't collapse. This went on for months (or a year+ in more remote areas).

> with the rest of the country coming in

Puerto Rico is an island so there is no rest of the country to come in from.

Things arrive by ship which take a good while and there were also a lot of problems with cargo being blocked at the ports, so even with donations arriving they were held up. That's a whole another can of worms.

>During these times you mention,

> were hospitals closed?

Some, not all. Depends on size and priority. They get brought up depending on priorities. In Puerto Rico, Trauma 1, Centro Medico, has to up first for example.

> Shops closed without anything coming in?

Some yes (most smaller ones). Others, no. Problem is that in Puerto Rico the denser area, the metro area, is just on small area of the island. There, bigger stores were opened. In other towns, there you don't have bigger stores. You just have small mom and pop shops that cater to the people in that 'barrio'.

> No banks working?

Banking in PR, the main bank owns the ATH network (an atm network), that has to go up. Pretty sure it's at the same priority of Trauma 1 hospitals so that people aren't stuck. But you actually get a lot of people going to the banks and getting out as much as they can.

> No fuel?

It took *A LOT* of time to get fuel and gas to individuals. Reserves go first to priority one.

> Nothing being brought to the people?

Mostly by random people. As you heard of people in towns that are complaining of not receiving things, you have other regular people going up. The government was a disaster. Both local and federal, including army and fema.

There are local areas with cattle, and that grow vegetables and things. So basically, just going old school. Town squares and contacts. Money while useful for bigger stores, it's not what people needed. So, if you can find fuel and had extra.

It always goes back to basics. Helping each other out. People just get together. If a street is blocked, neighbors get together to open it up. Machetes, saws, etc. Cookouts, 'what do you have?, I have a bbq and rice, bring over vegetables and we'll make something'. 'Got a chicken, we are making asopao and feeding EVERYONE'

----- > If so I would seriously be glad to understand how they survived (I am very serious).

It was tough. Radio operators were brought in to the island to help coordinate things because there was no infrastructure. No cellphones, no radios, no antennas for cellphones (damaged and no power), am radios to hear info.

They would just sit down in front of the house, by a tree and all they neighbors would just talk. Clean the house. Clean around debris.

Think back to childhood times, but now it's everyone.

------

I was able to get my sister, my mom, my grandparents over to my place 6 weeks after the hurricane hit. They stayed with me for 5 weeks before they went back. They went back without having power, but water had just arrived.

My mom was caring for my grandparents. My sister was the one finding things. There were 6 hour lines to be able to get into a store to buy whatever food they had. They were buying whatever they could find, even things that were spoiled. The next day, she would do 4-6 hour lines to get gasoline for the car.

They were cooking over small fires in the yard.

My family lives in a well off city, Guaynabo. Meaning that there's a lot of influential people and I can guarantee you they were trying to pull strings and bribing people to get connected quickly.

I know it, because in the past when I lived on the island, I worked with very influential people and saw their dealings and how they moved things and how favors got exchanged for things, even for a public utility (like they had then, but since it's been privatized).

For reference, 5 years after, a category 1 hurricane just devastated the island. It's been 11 days. While the most of clients have power (denser metro area), the majority of the island (total area), are still out.

> During these times you mention, were hospitals closed? Shops closed without anything coming in? No banks working? No fuel? Nothing being brought to the people?

Can’t speak for PR in 2017, but generally… satellite internet. Walmart set up satellites in the 80 for their financial networks. Most large banks by now would either have access to them or be able to have access. Everything important already has failover.

If it’s big enough, the government/military gets involved. The European governments surely could set up a Satellite link for a little while. European nations are small, they could probably string together microwave relays.

My biggest internet concern in extended European power outages are the data centers. AWS et al in the EU will lose power, and anything important hosted there will migrate to US or other regions… and I doubt they have excess capacity for that during the holiday seasons (when Amazon and Google have higher usage of their own too)

Honestly, I think the internet/data is the least affected during electricity issues. These systems have massive government supported backup systems. I think you are more likely to run out of battery/electricity. Then, if the internet actually fails for a long time there will be some moving USB sticks of stuff like wikipedia and maps. Like in Cuba. These days you can transport petabytes of MicroSD per hour with a bicycle, if you want. Assuming it is that bad, I would more likely buy a survival guide, some do it yourself books and paper maps.
Conversely, how likely is it that you have such internet problems while still having reliable electricity? Intuitively I'd say it's unlikely, but I'd be curious about others' opinion.

I don't see myself browsing through local files on a computer while internet is down, I expect to resort to books and daylight instead.

I agrée it’s unlikely, but I can imagine serious bandwidth issues. Especially if local data centers close to preserve power.
If you're talking about a major extended outage, I would worry about having books to read, food to eat, other humans to interact with, music to listen to, and a way to exercise or at least move around outside. As a hacker you will also want some minimal low-powered computer to mess around with, because it will calm you down. Oh and a multi-band radio that also does short-wave and is crank-powered so you can keep up on the apocalypse!

Remember that if an Internet outage extends for long enough (days?) in most of Europe then parts of your society will start to fall apart and lots of people will be completely freaking out, especially in the cities. (If it's a part of Europe that had wars fairly recently, people will probably not freak out as much.)

Thus your goal is to stay physically and mentally healthy. As a thought exercise, imagine going a week with no Internet, no mobile phone, and a lot of chaos on the streets: stores and gas stations mostly closed, possibly looting, etc. How exactly would you get through that?

I guess that's the prepper version.

The "half-day internet outages and I want to keep working" version is just have lots of documentation downloaded, plenty of source code too, and don't forget to take breaks: restoring your ability to concentrate is itself a work task.

Portable shortwave radio is a good idea and doesn't really need to be crank-powered. These things sip power and can last a couple weeks of moderate daily usage on a single set of batteries. A box of double-A batteries (which you should have anyway) can last you months.

A good receiver with a bit of antenna can easily give you access to radio stations thousands of kilometers away, as well as amateur radio operators.

Adding to this there are portable shortwave radios that also play mp3/wav files. Most are not great quality but useful if that's all one has. I have one in front of me made by XHDATA. D-328
Small shortwave radios with built-in antennas are next to unusable in urban/semi-urban areas these days, unless there also is power outage shutting down all of those local emitters of RF noise. Witnessed that last winter when we had a six hour power outage - the SW/MW radio could suddenly receive quite a few broadcasts again.

And then you realize that these days mostly China and some american religious organizations invest heavily in shortwave broadcasts.

I should add that it was possible to find the BBC WS on medium wave, iirc. During the power outage, that is. Not before or after.

Location: Southern Sweden

A small solar charger designed for camping (charging phones) might make this pretty self-sufficient.
Some shortwave radios (like the TECSUN PL-380 I got off amazon), also support external power via USB. I almost prefer this over the crank charging some have

That way, I don't need to worry as much about batteries, adapters, etc. and I can pretty easily find or make a 5V supply to power everything important

A solar USB charger is handy to have if you're setting up this kind of kit
Jeez, dude. I had no Internet access for four days and rolling blackouts with only 2 hours a day of electricity for two weeks, and no hot water or water at all for the first day, during the Dallas ice storm two years ago. Roads were unusable and we received no deliveries for a week. It was annoying, but we were fine with no special preparation or extra supplies.

A few days with no Internet is not enough to bring down civilization.

> Jeez, dude.

I hopefully stand corrected.

I didn't mean to suggest it would bring down civilization, just that it would cause more havoc than you might assume.

During the Texas blackouts was mobile internet available? Phone service? Was there food for the people who didn't receive deliveries?

Were you confident the government would restore service soon?

I grew up with frequent blackouts and I'm completely unfazed by anything on a 24-48-hour scale.

But -- and I hope I'm wrong! -- I see many societies growing more fragile and I would worry about what an infrastructure failure like that might mean to people who live much of their lives online.

>As a thought exercise, imagine going a week with no Internet, no mobile phone, and a lot of chaos on the streets: stores and gas stations mostly closed, possibly looting, etc.

After superstorm Sandy here in New York I was left without power, heat, internet, gasoline or hot water for 2 weeks. Books, a crank radio, several thick blankets, an LED lantern and many batteries proved critical to making it through.

Books and a hand-powered/solar rechargeable light, so you can keep reading at night.

Although there might also be sufficient light from the civilization being burned down outside your window.

Candles work too; just make sure you also have something to light them with.