Show HN: Earn 9.62% on US Treasury I Bonds on Yotta

83 points by adammoelis ↗ HN
Hey all

My name is Adam, and I’m a co-founder at Yotta (YC S20), an app that uses behavioral psychology to help people save money by making saving exciting.

We built a feature on Yotta where you can earn 9.62% APY via US Treasury I Bonds. (https://www.withyotta.com/i-bonds)

This is an absurd yield for a security that is backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government - the strongest guarantee you can get. For comparison, most high-yield savings accounts with FDIC coverage are paying ~2%.

The backstory:

I Bonds were established by the US Treasury in 1998 to provide returns linked to inflation to protect consumer purchasing power. The rate on I Bonds is determined from the last six months of CPI data and is adjusted twice per year. Inflation is typically around 2% per year, so I Bonds have never been relevant since the rate was never that attractive.

Inflation spiked in 2022 driving I Bonds reached a record high yield of 9.62% APY. If you buy them by October 31st, you lock in this rate for six months from the purchase date. In the last 12 months, around $27B has been deposited as a result of the insanely high yield. This compares to $348m in 2020. Note that you have to hold I Bonds for at least a year and you forgo 3 the last three months of earned interest if you redeem before five years. You can deposit a max of $10k into I Bonds per calendar year.

So if you can get 9.62% APY on a government backed security when savings accounts are yielding 2%, why doesn’t everyone have I Bonds?

A few reasons.

1. Most people have never heard of them.

2. People don’t want to tie up cash for a year in a CD-like product.

3. The only way to buy I Bonds has been on the world’s worst website, Treasury Direct. You have to fill out long forms, click on a virtual keyboard to type your password, can’t use the back button, and make one mistake and you get locked out of your account. The whole thing is a colossal pain in the ass.

To solve 1) and 3), we wrapped an easy-to-use UI to buy I Bonds within Yotta. Users opt into Yotta creating a Treasury Direct account on their behalf, and we automate the painful part - interacting with Treasury Direct on the backend. This enables us to provide a great customer experience, making it easy for people to get the 9.62%. If anyone wants to control their Treasury Direct directly without Yotta, they can request it, and we will transfer over their account to no longer be managed by Yotta.

Hope you guys check it out and can take advantage of the 9.62% rate before 10/31! Note that if you already have a Treasury Direct account, we are unable to support you for I Bonds unfortunately.

Happy to answer any questions and looking forward to any feedback.

P.S. We were featured in Bloomberg for the launch last week if you want to check that out https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-28/buying-i-bonds-there-s-an-easier-way-to-earn-9-62-interest

139 comments

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Also, individuals can only buy $10,000 of I bonds per year, plus your tax return up to another $10,000.
Correct - good point. Edited the post to add this piece of info which is important.
> plus your tax return up to another $10,000.

$5K, not 10K.

(comment deleted)
https://www.treasurydirect.gov/savings-bonds/i-bonds/

>Is there a maximum amount I can buy?

> In a calendar year, one Social Security Number or one Employer Identification Number may buy:

> * up to $10,000 in electronic I bonds, and

> * up to $5,000 in paper I bonds (with your tax refund)

> For individual accounts, the limits apply to the Social Security Number of the first-named in the registration.

If you've already bought, say $5k, through treasury direct, can you buy your remaining $5k allotment through Yotta?
Unfortunately not. We can only support accounts that haven't previously created Treasury Direct accounts.
So how does Yotta make money? Do you charge to open an account or take a slice when the bond matures?
We don't. There is a completely optional way to pay us what you want when you buy the I Bond, but this is a brand awareness play for us. Our hope is to drive new acquisition and to convert a portion of that acquisition to other products down the road.
Can I access my TD account after it's created by Yotta?
Yes just reach out and on request, we can give you full access to your Treasury Direct account any time.
What happens if you go out of business and a user doesn't realize until a year or more afterwards that they should have asked you for that info? Can they "reclaim" their Treasury Direct account down the road without you?
Yeah we have very easy way to give you your TD account directly. If this were to happen, we would give access to everyone and ensure they received the information to take over their accounts.
Thanks for the response. Is there any way a customer who slips through the cracks could do that directly with TD? (e.g. "I'm Jim Kirk, here's my ID, a notarized affidavit, a blood sample...")
If it is very easy, explain how they would work if you went out of business. You know, doors locked, no employees. Probably more than a few of us have worked for companies where that happened…
I think this indirectly answered my question. What if Yotta goes out of business or decides to stop supporting this?

We'll just get direct access to our TD account. Doesn't sound like this would happen automatically though? So if you guys suddenly closed shop with no warning, what recourse do we have?

My wife and I both bought I Bonds directly. It was not exactly a painful or confusing process at all. Granted, the UI/UX of the US government bonds website was not fantastic, but it was certainly usable.
Glad you didn't have to deal with any of Treasury Direct's nonsense. If you make a mistake logging in, you have to wait on hold with customer support for around 2 hours.
Other than their goofy login page (which you can fix with a 1-liner in greasemonkey), I actually love the TreasuryDirect website. This is maybe a controversial opinion but it's one of my favorite US government websites.

The UX is awesome and the layout is simple: no popups, interstitials or other BS. Even better, the page load times and responsiveness are significantly better than any other financial website a visit. I can check log in AND check my TreasuryDirect balance in about the same time it takes me to log into my Schwab brokerage account or load a thread on Reddit.

Their FAQs are also written in an easily understandable way, which is good because I Bonds and the other bonds they sell have some complicated nuances. They even update the FAQs regularly so that all their I Bond example calculations use the current semiannual interest rate.

One thing that would be cool about this Yotta offering is if they automate some of the I Bond annoyances (I needed a medallion stamp to open my account although not everyone is that unlucky), give a consolidated view of purchases and holdings across across multiple SSNs and EINs, and centralize that management.

Thanks for the feedback and thoughts. I guess those aspects of TD are nice, but if you ever make a mistake, they don't handle it gracefully.
Just curious, how do you handle accounts that require medallion verification to open. Do you stamp it yourself? That could be a nice benefit for people that don't have a brick and mortar bank nearby
We can't support those unfortunately right now. Maybe in the future.
That's like, the primary thing that aggravates people about TD! You speak elsewhere about people having to wait in a line for phone support for hours and the reason people need to do this is because their accounts fail to verify automatically.

Do you support cleanly setting up POD beneficiaries? Do I need to give you my spouses' SSN for that too? Or do they also need a Yotta account?

I 100% agree; the login is goofy, but overall I prefer the site because it uses a relatively simple UI (and isn't concerned with the latest design fad) to show me relatively simple data. I use Ally for retail banking and now the page loads but it takes several (very noticeable) seconds to load my account balances and while it's doing that, I have to wonder how computers which can do literally billions of operations per second with multi-gigabyte network links can take so long to load a single number. I'll take the 1998 look over that any day.
maybe a better app would be a chrome extension that fixed all the bugs on Treasury Direct. You could do all the hairy things in the extension without data leaving the users browser.
Is it only for American citizens? Or can anyone get sweet yield and invest?
You need a US SSN or TIN
Can't get past pin code confirmation on my cell phone anyway..
I don't think TD does pin confirmations via sms
Can a foreigner, non-living in USA, get a TIN?
From treasurydirect.gov:

- The person must have a Social Security Number.

- The person must also meet any one of these three conditions:

    - United States citizen, whether the person lives in the U.S. or abroad, or

    - United States resident, or

    - Civilian employee of the United States, no matter where that person lives
They just updated the Treasury website in order to meet demand. You took away your value add for Point #1 by making this post, and Point #3 isn't really that hard anymore.

Thank you for your transparency in advertising.

They only updated the front end main landing pages, not the core experience of opening accounts logging in, filling out forms, making mistakes. That is all the same as it's always been. Painful.
If I made a mistake in entering my info into Yotta, how are you going to correct it without me going though the TD medallion process?
The virtual keyboard on the Treasury Direct login page is terrible, especially for those of us who use a password manager. I use the following bookmarklet that "types" each letter via the exposed JavaScript function on the page itself.

  javascript:prompt('treasurydirect.gov password please').split('').forEach(PasswordVK)
easy-peasy
Does any other website in the world use a virtual keyboard like that? I don't really understand why they do it. To prevent keystroke tracking I guess? It's bizarre.
I always just paste my password into the field. That's always worked for me. Safari/macOS.
Yes I believe it's to counter key loggers.
HSBC used to use a virtual keyboard but I wouldn't be surprised if they dropped it. (I am no longer a customer.)
hah! I edit the frontend html every time so I can use my password manager
Meh imo it's easier to have the bookmarklet remove read only on the form and then just use the password manager like normal
Similarly, I have a Greasemonkey userscript to remove the readonly attribute for the password input form so my password manager works:

  for (const e of document.getElementsByClassName("pwordinput")) { 
    e.removeAttribute('readonly'); 
  }
There's a $10k annual limit per individual, LLC, or trust. (Plus a bit more as paper I bonds in your income tax refund.)

Can you partner with Stripe Atlas to help me spin up a trust or business entity and buy another $10k? I'll pay you a 5% commission.

You can create as many simple revocable trusts as you'd like using a Nolo offering and a visit to your bank for notarization.

I've heard TD will sometimes complain about a trust with your SSN as its TIN, but I've had no problems. After all, it is still a separate entity and that is the technical requirement.

Managing your own records and dealing with TD's horrible login process are the main hoops to creating multiple accounts. I appreciate the GreaseMonkey snippets for fixing their password input, that are listed elsewhere in this thread. But what would be really fantastic is if OP published their code for programmatically interacting with Treasury Direct.

I'm curious about how the legalities of this work.

If you create a TreasuryDirect account using my SSN, do you then require a durable power of attorney to manage it on my behalf, as laid out in 31 CFR § 363.33? Or are you simply logging in using "my" credentials and performing actions as if you were me? If the latter, are you at all worried about the Treasury Department cracking down on this?

We do the latter. Performing actions as if we were you. I am not worried given that.
Well, if the guy selling it isn't worried, we're in the clear, right everyone? /s

I liked the description of the product when I first read it. I really did. But I'm losing confidence the more OP keeps pushing in the comments.

This might be a decent product, but I'm wary of someone who is pushing hard to let them create investment accounts on other platforms on our behalf. It just feels like the kind of thing that when it blows up in the future, hindsight will say, "Why did you let someone do that in the first place?"

You have sold me on I Bonds as a financial product, but you'll never touch my money. Hire a lawyer.
> I am not worried given that.

YOLO is definitely an interesting approach for a financial company. Didn't people shit all over Plaid for taking this approach? Training people to give their financial credentials to 3rd parties is not the best.

Hey, cut him some slack, he did say he was in the business of "making saving exciting." The risk of handing over your financial credentials is exciting because you never really know what may happen!
I also find the use of ibonds funny for a service that ostensibly exists to encourage people to invest. Pointing people at a vehicle that currently (and for the foreseeable future) offers zero real growth by definition isn't going to make the world into successful investors.
If I were him, I'd be pretty stoked about the Plaid comparison.

Keep it up! You're acting for the good of the user, YOLO it.

You don't need power of attorney to act on someone's behalf with their explicit permission and instruction. It may be against TreasuryDirect's terms of service (I have no idea, I haven't read them), but there's nothing specifically illegal about this.
I already have a TD account, so I can't use Yotta :-/

Can anyone tell me the ID of the bonds inside of TD which would be bought through Yotta?

What do you mean exactly by ID? We do Series I Bonds.
Is this the same as buying an inflation protected bond ETF? (TIP)
No these are different securities. I Bonds are very unique in how they are structured.
Feedback: I found a bug. I signed up with email/password, and then accidentally closed the tab (after creating my account). When I tried to sign in, it's asking for a code sent "to my phone" — I never provided my phone number, and therefore can't sign in.
Thanks - reported this for us to look into. Will circle back
real yields on TIPS are roughly 2% which likely makes them a better bet than ibonds now. IBonds real yield is approx 0.
Do you have data/URL on this that you can share please?
TreasuryDirect. It shows the rates for both kinds of bonds. Today's Ibonds have a real yield of 0.00% and are expected to keep at that rate for a while. The variable yield is based on inflation, which was very high but has been much more muted for the past several months. That flashy 9.62% is going to be much much lower when it swaps.

TIPS currently have a nonzero real yield.

Everyone here is criticizing your product but it's funny that as I type this https://www.treasurydirect.gov/ is completely down. I wish this was available back when I invested and had to navigate my way through that hellish website.
Saw this post, signed up on TreasuryDirect.gov, and it immediately went down. That'll teach me for not using Yotta.
Thank you - Treasury Direct is the worst.
Why would I want to use your company for buying an I-Bond myself? Treasury Direct kinda sucks, but it's really not that bad. And once you're through the initial setup repeat purchases (like each subsequent year) is a lot easier.

Why would I want to insert a middleman into a long term investment? If you all go sideways -- which is incredibly likely within the next 10 years -- then it'll be far more hassle than the up-front TD signup irritation.

1) Easier UI and management of your I Bonds. Treasury Direct has lots of issues and you'll likely end up having to call in and wait on hold for 2 hours with customer support at some point. Maybe not if you're on top of things, but most people aren't.

2) Having your money all in one place. It's annoying to have money different places, so if you already have a Yotta account with us, it's one tap to do this. If you are starting from scratch, it's not as much of a no-brainer, but I still think it's much better than TD.

If we go sideways, we would just give everyone their TD account information directly, and you would take over your account.

Are there legal protections to ensure that you'll give us the TD account directly, like is it like a bank or is it that we just have to trust you?
Yes it would not be legal if we didn't give you access. So there are protections there.
What are those protections, exactly? Be specific - point to documentation.
Although the TreasuryDirect UX is pretty bad, it's not impossible to navigate. My biggest beef with TD is that there appears to be no way to convert the bonds purchased electronically to paper bonds. You have to keep them on the web site, which seems risky. You are hoping that 1. their database does not get corrupt or something and they lose tens of thousands of your dollars, 2. your account doesn't get compromised, 3. your account doesn't get banned or deleted.

With a bank, you (typically) have a brick-and-mortar building you can walk into to resolve edge case problems, and also FDIC insurance. For brokerages, you have SIPC for fraud and sloppy accounting, and usually have decent telephone support. TD has a phone number--that's it. Ever try calling it? It's a long hold time, and who knows if they can even handle these edge cases. Who would you sue if you lost your account or became a victim of fraud?

This is a fantastic initiative. Yotta is gamifying savings, because why not? And it's FDIC-insured so I don't have to worry about trusting money to a start-up.

I think the UI-improvement over dealing with the treasury website is substantial. Good work on finding the opportunity and setting it up transparently via your already-existing buckets feature.

A note of appreciation, that's all.

Thank you - appreciate it!
Been using Yotta since the early access-ish launch. I was always prowling for something like it once the American Savings Promotion Act (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Savings_Promotion_Act) was passed. Does its job, does it easily, and my effective APY has been MORE than competitive. For certain.

I have always bought I-bonds direct so doesn't apply to me, but making that easier for the average person -- and more importantly, increasing awareness of their existence -- is a good thing. It's about accessibility for people still getting their financial footing.

Just getting the average person to save more is a good thing, and accessibility is key to that.

Add this to your uBlock filter:

  treasurydirect.gov##+js(remove-attr, readonly, input.pwordinput)
Are US citizens who live abroad able to use Yotta to create a TreasuryDirect account? I ask because the normal process requires one to get a form notarized with an American notary public, which is hard to do abroad.
Yotta looks incredibly similar to what Simple once was (before being bought out and shutdown). The key Simple feature being the ability to allocate and lock portions of bank account holdings to specific goals, so you held it but couldn't spend it. Looks very similar to the buckets.

I loved my Simple account, this looks like a great replacement for it.

I Bonds are 30 year bonds. Since the I Bond yield of 9.xx% is only guaranteed for the first 6 months, what's the consensus thinking here on a long term hold of them?

Some info I found says:

   I bonds cannot be cashed for one year after purchase. If a bond is cashed in
   year two through five after purchase, the prior three months of interest are
   forfeited.  There is no interest penalty for cashing in the bonds after five
   years.
Sounds like you'd have to hold them for at least 1.25 years then to get a year's worth of interest.
IMO, it's not worth over thinking. The rates are very good, but you are limited to a relatively small amount of money. My wife and I both bought an I bond at the recent rates. If we're lucky, we'll make about $1,000 each on them. You can do a lot with $1,000, but it's not like we're talking about life altering amount of money here (in the context of people who can afford to put $10K in an I bond in the first place). We basically used money that would ordinarily be earning less interest in some kind of emergency-funds checking account.

It probably would not be worthwhile in the grand scheme of things to take $10,000 from some kind of actual investment account and move it over to these I bonds for a brief duration.

That's true. I'll probably grab one once the official site works again, but I was weighing that, plus the inconvenience of having to manage funds in yet another location and keep the tax implications in mind (you only have to pay federal taxes on interest here).
TreasuryDirect doesn't have an API, so there's no way to implement this without storing your users' TreasuryDirect passwords. How do you protect those passwords?

With reference to https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/31/363.17, what recourse would I have if I use your service and my TreasuryDirect account is compromised as a result?

Your other products include FDIC insurance via Evolve Bank & Trust. I can't imagine the FDIC would cover losses related to this product—i.e. funds are only FDIC-insured up until they're used to purchase an I-Bond. The FDIC recently sent a cease-and-desist to FTX in relation to a similar scheme (in FTX's case, funds are only FDIC-insured at Evolve up until they are used for cryptocurrency purchases); see https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32524527. In light of that action, what have you done to clarify the limits of the FDIC insurance to your customers and potential customers?

You wouldn’t necessarily need to store passwords in plaintext. You could keep a password encrypted and then when a user logs in their password is sent along on a request that does the automation and then discarded at the end. Of course that would mean you could only do a read operation on the website once, or else keep the session with the site open internally.
Why are we guessing when the person that could clear it all up is lurking in these very threads.
That person went really quiet once people starting truly poking at the security and legality of this idea. I'm sketched out by their communication patterns, and won't touch this with a 10 foot pole.
> If anyone wants to control their Treasury Direct directly without Yotta, they can request it, and we will transfer over their account to no longer be managed by Yotta.

This implies the bonds are stored on their account, not the end users

(comment deleted)
Can you buy Ibonds on behalf of others? My understanding was they cap the amount per SSN to $10k/yr. How could one account have more than that?
My guess is that they have 2 passwords. One password for access to Yotta which is provided by the user and stored securely/irrecoverably (i.e. hashed, salted, and peppered - yum), and another password for actually accessing TreasuryDirect is generated and stored by Yotta.
You can't get 9.62% APY.

The final data isn't available, but the upcoming rate is going to be way lower.

The yield changes every 6 months. I-bonds bought on or before October 31st are considered retroactive purchases to the 1st of the month, and keep the 9.62% rate until the 1st of April.

This is disclosed on the linked page (https://www.withyotta.com/i-bonds):

I-Bonds purchased now through the end of October will have a 9.62% Interest Rate guaranteed for 6 months. Future changes in rates are not disclosed by the US Treasury.

Yes. And since the next rate will be more like 6% (EDIT: divided twice in my original post), anybody expecting 9.62% APY (which has "year" in the name) is likely to be disappointed.

Let's say you buy today and hold for one year. You get 4.81% after 6 months and then like 1.5% for the next 6 months (you lose three months of interest when you sell if you aren't holding for 5 years). And then you have to pay federal taxes. Let's say 22%. On your 10,000 you net... $492. Not anything close to the eye popping 9.62% being touted.

Check "Current composite rates" on https://www.treasurydirect.gov/savings-bonds/i-bonds/i-bonds...

The current rate of 9.62% is the lowest it's ever been, and its never changed drastically.

It's just FUD to claim that it'll drop to 3%.

Also, you're locked in, you can't touch the money for a year, and there's a penalty for withdraw before year 5. It's designed as a safe saving instrument, not a stock market replacement.

I, for one, am glad to have invested every year. It's a nice emergency fund.

Divided twice by accident. It'll be more like 6%. We've only got one month of data left in the computation we don't know about. Doesn't change the math that somebody excited about getting 9.62% over the next year is going to be disappointed when they walk away with half of that.
> The current rate of 9.62% is the lowest it's ever been, and its never changed drastically.

Recommend doing the math yourself as a sanity check using the composite rate formula in conjunction with historical fixed and semiannual inflation rate tables. The implication is that either the composite rate formula or the historical composite rate table is in gross error, where the latter is much more likely given a naive understanding of what the instrument's intent is.

Can you explain where you think the math error is on https://www.treasurydirect.gov/savings-bonds/i-bonds/i-bonds... under the “ An example” section?
The suspected error wasn't in the An example section...I knew there was an error somewhere, but weighted this more probable to be correct given the effort put into clearly explaining the method in step-by-step manner.

In my previous remark, turns out that the root of the error was in too quickly and incorrectly concluding (admittedly having never purchased these bonds before and only learning of them this year as we went into a bear market) that both the fixed and inflation rate components were subject to change every six months.

It wasn't until I saw your follow-up today and attempted to revisit details without bias that I noticed this linked chart[1] which made it immediately clear what critical bit of conditional detail I had missed, that is, the fixed rate component is determined at the time of initial bond purchase and persists unchanged for the life of the instrument...whoops!

To be fair, my original remark was in response to your assertion that "the current rate of 9.62% is the lowest it's ever been, and its never changed drastically." Even with my now corrected understanding, this assertion still doesn't stand in my mind given the linked table demonstrates that the prevailing 9.62% composite rate approaches historically high levels independent of original purchase date, and although variable returns ranging from 0% to 10+% depending on issue date is agreeably not drastic to someone as young as me, it's nevertheless pretty subjective, e.g. if you bought between 05/20-10/20, you'd have seen variable APY ranging from 1.06% to 9.62%, which is objectively pretty volatile.

[1] https://www.treasurydirect.gov/files/savings-bonds/i-bond-ra...