While this article stipulates how this has been the case since 1930, I'd argue that it's been the case since early 19th century too (tbh, before checking, I thought it was late 19th):
"Bolyai ends his work (from 1830) by mentioning that it is not possible to decide through mathematical reasoning alone if the geometry of the physical universe is Euclidean or non-Euclidean; this is a task for the physical sciences."
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[ 3.0 ms ] story [ 14.3 ms ] threadhttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Euclidean_geometry#Disco... :
"Bolyai ends his work (from 1830) by mentioning that it is not possible to decide through mathematical reasoning alone if the geometry of the physical universe is Euclidean or non-Euclidean; this is a task for the physical sciences."