They don't explain their criteria at all. Why Switzerland and France have the same color even if there are massively more referendums in Switzerland? Why are the USA a different color than Canada ? Is the fact that the UK refuse to give back Venezuelan gold to Venezuela a good point for its score or a bad point ?
France's government just applied 10 times on a row the "49.3" article of constitution where the French parliament cannot vote on a law presented by the government.
Its very difficult to follow that wikipedia article. When can 49.3 be used and what are the consequences for using it? Is it being used against National Rally?
I'm not good at legalese or political science, but here's my take:
=> The French Fifth Republic is a presidential regime, not a parliamentary regime. The consequence is that it is the government that submits legislative proposals to parliament, which can accept or reject the law. However, parliament can modify proposals or even introduce new laws.
=> In a parliamentary system, only the parliament makes the laws and the government must implement them and the implementation is checked by the parliament. It was the regime that preceded the one instituted by De Gaulle's coup in 1958.
In France, there are several provisions in the constitution to allow the government to bypass parliament.
- Article 49.3 authorizes the government to submit a law to parliament and implement it without any vote.
- Article 47.1 authorizes the government to implement a law without even presenting it to parliament.
- Various emergency cases allow the government to implement any law it wants for a limited amount of time, without presenting it to parliament, on condition that the parliament has authorized it to do so. Normally it's for a limited amount of time, but we seen for Covid that exiting the emergency case is sometimes not as natural as it should be.
- The government always has the last word, it can choose not to apply a law that it does not like. ("no implementing decree"). Thus a third of the laws promulgated each year are not implemented.
Presidential regimes are generally those chosen by dictatorships. Yet and although the fifth republic was the result of a military coup by De Gaulle in 1958, over the past two decades I have the impression that the situation of freedoms is increasingly threatened in France.
Democracy is when the will of the people is implemented in government policy. No state has “democracy” as its form of government. Any process can result in democratic AND non-democratic outcomes. To determine how democratic a state is you must poll its population as compare what they want with what the state does. You cant just read what every republic claims about itself and declare every multiparty republic to be “a democracy” and every single-party state to be a “not democracy”.
Yeah, these things are usually just mouthpieces for western foreign policy. In the West we consider a president with 30% approval one of the most delivery states, while we consider one party states with 90% approval recorded by Western research institutions, to not be democratic. I completely agree with you; substantive democracy is in outcome, not in procedure.
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[ 3.7 ms ] story [ 41.4 ms ] threadhttps://rundownbulletin.com/politics/105269.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_49_of_the_French_Const...
Now the same government wants to use another article 47.1, where the government does not even to present any new law to the parliament.
https://newsrnd.com/news/2023-01-22-pension-reform--%22recou...
Even De Gaulle, who set up Fifth Republic by a coup involving the army, has never gone so far.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_1958_crisis_in_France
=> The French Fifth Republic is a presidential regime, not a parliamentary regime. The consequence is that it is the government that submits legislative proposals to parliament, which can accept or reject the law. However, parliament can modify proposals or even introduce new laws.
=> In a parliamentary system, only the parliament makes the laws and the government must implement them and the implementation is checked by the parliament. It was the regime that preceded the one instituted by De Gaulle's coup in 1958.
In France, there are several provisions in the constitution to allow the government to bypass parliament.
- Article 49.3 authorizes the government to submit a law to parliament and implement it without any vote.
- Article 47.1 authorizes the government to implement a law without even presenting it to parliament.
- Various emergency cases allow the government to implement any law it wants for a limited amount of time, without presenting it to parliament, on condition that the parliament has authorized it to do so. Normally it's for a limited amount of time, but we seen for Covid that exiting the emergency case is sometimes not as natural as it should be.
- The government always has the last word, it can choose not to apply a law that it does not like. ("no implementing decree"). Thus a third of the laws promulgated each year are not implemented.
Presidential regimes are generally those chosen by dictatorships. Yet and although the fifth republic was the result of a military coup by De Gaulle in 1958, over the past two decades I have the impression that the situation of freedoms is increasingly threatened in France.
I was expecting a list. Instead i got map coloured by children.
A country where an organization has a revolving door with the government is not a democracy.