Ask HN: Dealing with ADHD Without Medication?

61 points by whalesalad ↗ HN
Any tips and tricks? I have been on-and-off stimulants for the last decade but recently quit cold turkey because I got sick and tired of dealing with all of the availability issues. I also hate being so dependent/reliant on psychiatrists who in my experience don't really give a shit about you or your wellbeing. I hated needing to ask for refills every 30 days, hoping that they would respond in a timely manner and that the stars would align so there was no interruption.

That being said, my life has almost come grinding to a halt. It has been 3 months and I am still struggling to get back to a decent baseline. I am beginning to wonder if it is possible to live life without them, which is an additional strain on my emotions.

Has anyone here gone down a similar path to treat this in their own way without schedule I controlled substances?

82 comments

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I know it can be difficult to think putting your health and and mental well-being first especially during stressful bouts.

I’ve had undiagnosed ADHD since I was a teen (now 32) and recently got a diagnosis and started using medication (Vyvanse).

Without a doubt the only thing that has ever come close to helping me feel “normal” has been exercising regularly. Whether it was going for a run, or lifting weights, the stillness you feel through medication is something I only felt after a nice workout.

So that’s what i’d recommend. Put your physical health first, eat better, exercise regularly, and top it off with something low effort but high reward like yoga or meditation. That is the only way.

https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/09/exercise-...

How did you convince/motivate yourself to exercise?

I think most people know the benefits of working out, but have trouble getting started.

Literally just by showing up.

People have a distorted view of exercise, thinking that every work out, every gym session has to be intense but in fact the most important thing is to do something.

Have a gym membership? Just show up and walk on the treadmill for half n hour and go home.

Don’t have a gym membership? Go for a walk around the block.

All that is exercise.

The magic happens when the repetitive act of showing up starts compounding in unexpected ways.

You feel the benefit so going the next time is less effort, and you may walk a bit longer.

That in turn affects the choices you make about what you eat, when you go to sleep, the quality of you’re sleep, the increase in dopamine from all those activities, which then feeds back into the cycle.

So literally the easiest thing you can do is do something, don’t expect overnight results because that kind of expectation informs the perceived effort (which is high), which results in people doing nothing.

>That in turn affects the choices you make about what you eat, when you go to sleep, the quality of you’re sleep, the increase in dopamine from all those activities, which then feeds back into the cycle.

It's really hard to eat a candy bar when you know how much exercise is going to be required to burn it off.

An interesting thing after being 6 weeks into my first serious strength training program: I found you needed to build strength to build strength. In the beginning, everything feels a little sloppy because you’re just trying to stabilize your bodyweight in weird positions with the best form you can. It doesn’t feel like much is happening then, but you’re building stability you’ll use to build strength. If you keep showing up, then by like 3 weeks in the motion smooths out and you can more easily direct power where you want to train.
Use whatever motivation and self discipline you can muster to set up and implement a new habit, not do a thing. Tie it to an existing habit you already do regularly. “Every day after X, I will Y” where X is something you already do and Y is new newly desired behaviour. Keep it brain dead simple at first (eg. Put on my gym shoes). Have compassion if you don’t do it perfectly. Be kind to your self. Do it every day.
For me the Apple Watch and having my fitness metrics as the main screen is the biggest motivator. I just try to close my rings every day and that I say goal of the day.
+1 one for exercise tracker. I got the Fitbit Luxe a couple of years and I have been wearing it every time for exercise to get points. A bit like gamification.

Highly recommended. It's small enough that i don't notice it.

This advice is repeated a lot, but motivation is fleeting and you just have to make it part of your routine in the same way that brushing your teeth, showering, paying your bills, cleaning your house, and so on are.

If it helps, you can think of it like "going to work". Very few people are lucky enough to feel any sort of intrinsic motivation to show up at work every day, but they do so because of the consequences are disastrous if they don't. The analogy isn't perfect since the long term consequences of ignoring your health are farther in the future, but the upside is that after exercise you get shorter term feedback in improved mood, sleep, concentration etc. You just need to show up and do the work.

This is the answer. Use any fleeting motivation to construct the habit. Do not rely on “feeling like it”. Once you’ve created the habit, it will feel uncomfortable not exercising.
I, and I suspect other ADHD people, don't form those habits. I've for years read things like "you don't have to remind yourself to brush your teeth because it's a habit. You can make exercising a habit, too."

But for some of us, we do have to remind ourselves to brush our teeth, or eat, or whatever thing the average person does "automatically".

"Having a routine" is exactly what doesn't work with ADHD. We can't do routine. Anything but this. Some of us are struggling with brushing teeth every day, or showing up at work. Even though when hyperfocused, we can do a week's work in a day, or successfully prepare for a difficult exam in a night, but doing something regularly — that's something we absolutely don't have.
If you're struggling with brushing your teeth,showing up to work or other basic self care, then I don't think the discipline to exercise will manifest itself and it is likely time to speak with a professional.
I do have a therapist who is an ADHD specialist, but it doesn’t help much. “Well yes, your case is quite severe, try to do what you can and see how it goes”. I’m trying.
One technique that I've found helpful is setting up triggers, rather than routines. A trigger being a commitment of the form, in circumstance X, I will do Y. e.g., When I enter the bathroom the first thing in the morning, I will do some pushups. At a high level, it accomplishes the same thing as a routine, but it doesn't require the global discipline of a routine. With triggers you're only responding to the moment.
That is a very neat idea. It might just work for me. Thank you
I’m not the above poster, but I would say reducing friction is key. I have no problem exercising, probably my greatest joy in life, but when my attention “tank” is low I can spend an hour failing to get on the damn bike and go. So I have everything I need, a change of clothes, bike pants, bike shoes, helmet right next to the bike, so I can’t waste time looking for things, wandering aimlessly, etc.
This is the only advice that worked for me. Before you settle down to watch TV for the night (or read a book, or whatever it is you do to unwind), prep yourself for everything you want to get accomplished the next day. Pack your gym clothes, put your car keys and gym badge next to them, find the time on your calendar when you're gonna go and block it off.

I do this for things that aren't the gym too. Need to grocery shop? Write a list, grab reusable bags and lay them down next to your keys, etc.

A nice TV right in front of my exercise bike, and an otherwise crippling Netflix addiction.
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I think "exercise" and "working out" are probably the wrong target because they're kind of pointless all alone. The key is to find something physical that you can get (mildly) obsessed with doing, then create a mechanism to get you to do it regularly (e.g., a Couch to 5k plan, a pickleball league, a climbing course). At some point, doing that thing will become your default behavior, just as doing whatever you do now is your default behavior and doesn't require motivation/willpower. It might even lead to other training to get better at that thing.
The secret is to find something active you enjoy and is fun. Changing your lifestyle to become an enthusiast of it (cycling, sailing, tennis, whatever) Not going to the gym or trying to convince yourself to run for an hour around the block. Make it enjoyable, a hobby.
>the stillness you feel through medication is something I only felt after a nice workout.

I struggle going to sleep at night. I'll either ruminate on bad memories from the past and get myself all wound up, or I start mentally taking apart a coding problem.

The best way I've found to deal with this is exercise. It's hard to be wound up when you're physically exhausted. Afterwards I can actually feel my body relax, and I can drift off to sleep.

Try Strattera (atomoxetine). It's not a stimulant - the effects are not as powerful as a stimulant but it will help. Like SSRIs it will take a few weeks to notice improvements. A primary care practitioner would have no hesitation about prescribing a 90-day supply, and there aren't the same supply issues.
1. ADHD and depression go hand-in-hand. If your emotions are starting to get strained, consider talking to a therapist before things get worse.

[1] https://www.betterhelp.com

2. I wrote a script to run my life for me, you should consider doing the same.

[2] https://taylor.town/nowify

3. Find something to obsess over! Everything comes to a screeching halt when the spark of life eludes me.

4. Consider using a service like FocusMate to stay on task. It's a form of "body-doubling".

[3] https://www.focusmate.com

[4] https://chadd.org/adhd-news/adhd-news-adults/could-a-body-do...

Love the idea of the script. Is it open source?
Not open-source yet! It's very tailored to my personal workflow, but I'm planning on generalizing it soon.
What do you use to make the beep sound? Is your computer always on?
Yep, computer is always on, and bluetooth headphones are connected when I'm elsewhere in the house.

At some point, I think this would actually work better as a phone/watch app.

I did a similar thing to nowify, but I have several multiple-times-per-day tasks (e.g. check inbox for new tasks), so I have time-slicing as well. It works very similar to an OS scheduler, where there are some high-priority low-timeslice activities and other lower-priority, high-timeslice activities. It won't preempt in the middle of a timeslice, so I don't get interrupted 30 minutes in to a one-hour activity to e.g. check my e-mail.
I'm especially intrigued by the prompts you have that direct you to reflect on the status of various aspects of your life. These questions reminded me a lot of a list that I started a while back of small inconveniences in my life that had been ignored long-term. I found that just by starting the list, I was instantly able to start recognizing all these little hurdles that I had just been quietly dealing with every day. For example, the knob on the lid of our pool pump was broken and it hurt my hand every time I had to unscrew it, but I would just deal with the pain. Once I made my list and identified that as a recurring inconvenience, it was clear that it was worth the effort to go to the pool store and buy a replacement. It was a cheap item and trivial to replace, both things I knew the whole time, but somehow did not really examine before the list.

I was happy with my little inconveniences list until now, but seeing all of the other various prompts that you've made for yourself, I'm thinking I should explore this strategy even further. Would you mind posting a link to the full text of the prompts? Some of them are cut off at the end from your screenshot. Thanks!

Here's my current list of routines: https://gist.github.com/surprisetalk/bc53ddd517c62ec7e98f2af...

On this list, you'll notice a lot of "never" routines. When I retire a routine, I change it to "never" so that it's easy to reenable it if I ever need it again. For example, I recently got laid off, so I'm allocating more time to personal projects than career stuff.

Training yourself to recognize things is difficult! Forcing yourself to look at something every hour or every day can force you to see the world differently within a matter of weeks.

Brains tend to tune things out, so nowify prints out randomized lists inline for many of these prompts. For instance, when I'm supposed to send memes to people, it prints 10 random memes and 3 random people to turn it into a little game.

I've been off medications for 20 years, with diagnosed moderate ADD (now ADHD).

Doing work you actually enjoy helps, also task sequencing, for me at least, context switches are very expensive, so I try to schedule like-like work back to back.

I also tend to use the 'buddy' system for doing things like, organizing stuff around the house, and cleaning, which means someone to hang out with me, and often help me not get distracted. If I try to organize alone, I will get one box of shit taken apart, then as I go put it away, I find other things that need putting up, and move them, and at the end of the day the whole house is a mess, and I have no idea why.

Gamify everything. Well maybe not literally everything but areas where you have trouble focusing. Make it a challenge, that will engage your hyper focus capability.
Sleep. Lots of hard exercise. External reminder systems (calendar, alarms, reminders, etc.)
I went down this path and after much struggle, I learned the hard way that amphetamines can damage your nervous system. My current routine is to use samatha (calmness) style meditation to promote parasympathetic activity and taking Lion's Mane mushroom to promote nerve healing. It's been a decade since I stopped taking amphetamines and its the first thing that actually seemed to make a difference in restoring what was lost. Your not alone in struggling after going off medication.
>I learned the hard way that amphetamines can damage your nervous system.

I'm sorry, can you expand on this? Preferably with sources?

The personally confounding thing was that I assumed there would simply be a withdrawal period and I would start to feel normal at some point. That never really happened, even years later. After hearing rumors I started looking at articles like this https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/do-adhd-drugs-tak... and this https://www.acnp.org/g4/GN401000166/CH162.htm and I started to think that perhaps taking these drugs as a child over a period of 8 years might actually have had a much deeper impact that I realized and after trying various things over the years I found some that seemed to help. The causality was a little funny. I started lions mane, it helped. Herbals usually don't do much and I started doing research into why it might help so much. Lion's mane increases nerve growth factor, and that led me down the rabbit hole.
Getting sleep helps. If you go to bed at a time such that you wake up without an alarm and find it easy to get out of bed and on your feet, you’ll have a much easier time concentrating during the day.

You may want to look into a sun lamp to help you do this during the shorter days.

ADHD has become a group diagnosis for pretty much all letter combo diagnosis... so its like saying, I need computer help. So I ask, is the PC on? Is the cable connected? What OS are you running, what dist, which desktop etc
ADHD is a quantitative disorder that touches a spectrum of symptoms.

Yours might be heavier in some aspects and lighter in others. It's also often tied to other psychological issues.

Not everything works the same for everyone. For "vanilla ADHD" the most impairing factors will often be:

- Executive function. This can be organisation, getting started or keeping up with dopamine depleting tasks (chores, bills, etc.) and keeping track of time during tasks

- Emotional regulation. This can be emotional reactivity (often called RSD online), or other all sorts of difficulties dealing with emotions in a productive way. This one is often left out in discussions but the most harmful for life outcomes (especially frustration/anger based dysregulations)

- Short term memory issues. Part of executive function but should be noted specifically.

The first thing to note is natural external dopamine will help. This is getting proper sleep, nutrition and exercise. Exercise, especially intense activities like HIIT will help regulate dopamine naturally.

For executive function, the best is to have a system. There are plenty out there (bullet journals, productivity apps, etc.) Find one that you actually use without forcing yourself to. Can be a TODO list in google keep/apple notes, or a Bullet Journal or something like TikTik

For short term memory issues, write everything down. This often plays into the system above.

For emotional regulation, DBT is the best place to start. The DBT workbook can be freely found as a PDF online.

Russell Barkley has good information: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BzhbAK1pdPM&list=PLzBixSjmbc...

Getting a ADHD aware therapist, if financially feasible, is a good idea. Be critical of online communities, there's both good and bad in there.

Went through hell getting my prescription filled last month. Decided to switch to an online pharmacy and so far I'm very impressed. Far less out-of-stock bs and prompt delivery. I use alto.com but there are lots of competitors in this space. Best of luck, I definitely feel for you.
I am dealing with something similar. Sleep and exercise help, as can CBT or other psychological interventions, but nothing works as well as stimulants.
> I am still struggling to get back to a decent baseline.

First, if you want to radically change your life by no longer taking stimulants, you need to recalibrate what you expect your life to look like.

You know they change how you think and behave, which is why you took them, and so it’s a given that your life just won’t look the same without them.

It’ll take time, but you need to figure out what your life can look like without them and make that your baseline. You’re always going to have an “additional strain on your emotions” when you try to make an unmedicated life look like a medicated life.

Maybe you work less or on different things. Maybe your home is less organized. Maybe you nap more. Maybe you’re friendlier and more empathetic with people you care about. Maybe you have a dozen slowly progressing hobbies instead of one diligent passion. Maybe you exercise or meditate more. Maybe you chill with woo hippie vibes instead of chasing life as a type-A achiever. Who knows. As you adapt, try to identify positive changes and define those as the new baseline you’re measuring yourself against.

You didn’t need medication in the first place. It’s a choice you made to live a certain kind of life. Now, you’re revisiting that choice and are pursuing a different kind of life. That’s exciting! But you have to embrace that rather than fear it, or you’re just going to torture yourself.

This is the best advice on the topic that I've seen.
As someone who has suffered from various addictions over the years, from stimulants to alcohol, this rings so true. My life after quitting them was pretty rough for a while, and it took a long time to find my way. But I knew that pattern wasn't healthy, and things needed to change. Now, a few years out, things have stabilized and its a whole new world, and it looks entirely different than the one I was previously living in. It is possible to push through this, but the expectations had to change first.
I would also add that now is a good time to figure out what things could happen that would make you get back on your medication. Set yourself up a list of items that if you feel you can no longer accomplish, you will talk to someone about getting back on your meds. I am starting to realize that I should have saw someone last year about getting back on my adhd medication and I wont get that lost time back.
In addition to what commenter suggested I also suggest reading and trying out things on following books, I listen to the first one, it is really good, you can implement life style changes in that book.

I am hoping to read the second one, as I heard 2nd book need you be on meds, when working through the book, but I do not think you need to be on meds any longer than you change your thinking, since it is CBT book it will possibly help you to adapt your thoughts necessary. For meds I suggest you to try out lowest dosage of pro-drug(non abusable) like Vyvanse instead other stimulants, it is also long lasting, have ease in and ease out effect unlike other stimulants as I heard.

3rd book also will fit your needs, since it is also a CBT book.

All those three books are recommended by Dr. Barkley, first one authored by him.

1. https://www.amazon.com/Taking-Charge-Adult-ADHD-Second/dp/14...

2. https://www.amazon.com/Cognitive-Behavioral-Therapy-Adult-AD...

3. https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Your-Adult-ADHD-Cognitive-B...

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reading these replies almost never fucking works. you just have to be your own soldier and what you do in the present always matters.
Picking working strategies and tactics from peers is usual step. Considering this is HN, and a lot here deals with knowledge work, do you not read documentation and apply it? This is the same.
I noticed that there seems to be a 3-6 month reset of my dopamine baseline after stopping stimulant meds, so things like emotional modulation, eating impulses, motivation, and even digestion took a bit to return to something I'd consider normal. Honestly, it took some discipline to get the physical habits right (overcompensation with caffeine caused problems with sleep, etc.).

Finally, for me at least, it was the harder task of prioritizing regular F2F social interaction and attention to developing quality friendships over many months that contributed to my biggest gains in executive function. I did this for other quality of life reasons at the prompting of my partner, and was surprised by this unexpected positive result.

Godspeed, stranger!

Fasting always gets me into a high focus zone (but I don't have ADHD). Try doing a 48 hour zero-calorie/liquid-only fast. Black coffee and teas are fine. Get plenty of electrolytes, especially magnesium and potassium, or else you'll have a headache. Take an ibuprofen if you really need it. And reward yourself at the end. I always get an amazing amount of reading done in these periods.
I have a couple of thoughts as a guy in his mid 40's who was diagnosed at age 39 after a lifetime of hearing my brain tell me "You're so smart, why do you SUCK SO MUCH?" I take extended-release stimulants 5 days a week, but sometimes take a week off. Here's what works for me:

0. Be kind to yourself. You don't deserve to suffer. Your brain is always lying to you about how bad you feel. It's really hard to live your life "like everyone else" with the ADHD gremlins chattering away in there.

1. Remind yourself every morning you are starting a new day, and every evening that you did the best you could, that you succeeded in some things, and that tomorrow is a new day.

2. Make yourself do 15 minutes of intense cardio exercise every day no matter what. Think of it like brushing your brain's teeth. Set out your exercise clothes, car keys, and fill your water bottle several hours before you plan to do this.

3. Make a schedule for your sleep, food, water, and exercise. Every day, try to do the same routine. Moderate amounts of caffeine are good too. (A few cups of black tea during the day is just about right for me.)

4. Talk to a therapist regularly, and be honest with yourself and your therapist. Therapists helped me learn to be more kind to myself and less shameful. And that change in mindset helped me feel better and dramatically reduced my ADHD symptoms as much or more than the medicine.

Dopamine deficiency and Shame cause a feedback loop that makes your ADHD worse. Make it a routine to disrupt both.

I totally understand the desire not to deal with getting and taking the medicine. For me, I could only manage my ADHD with both medicine and therapy. It's OK if you need drugs sometimes. It's OK if you go without them.

I've been in the same boat.

Here's the strategy that worked for me for more than a decade now:

1. Getting the chemical baseline right: Make sure you have enough Magnesium, Potassium, B-complex and Vitamin D. Without these, everything else, including therapy or spiritual explorations, will likely fail. If you have trouble sleeping Mg Glycine + 5HTP are a great combo sans the side effects of let's say melatonine or benzos. Eat LOTS of meat, at least a dozen eggs a week, fish oil and seafood in general. 2. Nootropics: Piracetam + L-Theanine + Black seed oil (pills) + Alpha GPC have significant effect over time. You won't feel the immediate boost like with Adderal but small increments that will change your life over time. 3. Being hyperactive means no carbs. Nothing makes me more hyperactive than an insulin spike. Staying on low carb, keto and one meal a day is the best way to maintain mood stability. 4. If 5HTP and Glycine are great for boosting serotonin, L-tyrosine is amazing for boosting dopamine. I've discovered it last year and it's been a gift that keeps on giving. I've tried Modafinil and ended up in super weird mental states (mild paranoia, anxiety etc). L-tyrosine has been nothing but wonderful. Complete game changer. 5. Sports&hormetic stressors – make sure you have enough physical activity and healthy levels of other physical stress (e.g. cold temperature). Your brain will thank you for those endorphin releases post workout.

Here is a counterintuitive tip that is working for me. Instead of fighting my imagination which seems to then burst out in ADHD and distract me from what I am doing, I spend a lot more time actively encouraging it. I spend hours daydreaming. What I imagine then becomes reality. Neville Goddard is particularly insightful in this area.
Not an answer but a question. I don’t have ADHD, so I lack any experience here. What’s the idea behind a system that puts people with ADHD on a perpetually recurring 30 day deadline to renew their pills? Isn’t that a bit like putting the obesity clinic at the back of the McDonald’s?
Amphetamine-based drugs are Scheduled substances in the US and other countries, so they keep a tight grip on supply. I've been able to get as much as a 90 day supply at once however, that was handy.
Yeah but, why can’t a psychiatrist sign a patient up for monthly delivery? Or something like that? Like a SaaS but for adderall?
Funny you ask, that is not ideal to say the least.. It has caused unnecessary stress and I've had to do a few days without meds several times during Covid when I wasn't able to go pick them up due to the limited pharmacy openings.

Luckily I have an awesome and very understanding GP who stretched my prescription to 90 days permanently. As I understand it there's no hard limit here in The Netherlands, but this is about the maximum he can get away with in this case.

> Isn’t that a bit like putting the obesity clinic at the back of the McDonald’s?

Yes, except if pamphlets from the obesity clinic sold for hundreds of dollars on the street. It does suck, but I do see it at least a bit of a "this is why we can't have nice things" rather than just "Assholes make it harder for me to get my meds"

Ritalin is readily available on the darknet. Not that I would advise anyone to do anything illegal! I'm sure these kind therapists have our best interests at heart and they're not just gatekeeping in order to profit from molecules they played no part in creating...
Going bottom-up rather than top-down to solve your problem, I'm going to treat your specific problem as "getting controlled substances is hard; how can I treat ADHD chemically while avoiding that problem?"

If so, here are a few leads:

• Buproprion (Wellbutrin) is an NDRI but is not a controlled substance. Its on-label use is for depression or anxiety, but has been used off-label for treatment of ADHD. Many people are prescribed it as an adjunct therapy to regular depression/anxiety treatment when they also seem to have some ADHD symptoms, or when the drug they're taking for treatment of depression/anxiety causes ADHD symptoms.

• Bromantane is a non-scheduled and in fact non-prescription "nootropic" drug (it's a licensed OTC medication in the countries it's produced in; but is just considered a "supplement" in North America) that specifically aims to treat dopaminergic receptor depletion, by — apparently — triggering the permanent growth of new dopaminergic receptors. Some people phrase this as it "healing" your reward system. (It can apparently be used to undo some of the long-term effects of meth use on the reward system.) ADHD is technically a syndrome, in that it has many possible root causes (etiologies); one of those potential root causes is a decrease in dopamine receptivity in the brain, or a decrease in dopamine production. Both of these problems are treated by growing more dopamine receptors. If your ADHD has that particular etiology, then it may benefit you to try this. (In practice, it worked, at least for me. I took some for a while when I ran out of Vyvanse myself, and it indeed treated my ADHD, though in a very different-feeling way than Vyvanse does. When I stopped taking it, and resumed Vyvanse treatment, I found that I needed a lower dose of the Vyvanse going forward.)

• Tricyclic antidepressants are dopaminergic and unscheduled. You'd have a lot of side-effects from these if you aren't also depressed / anxious; but if you are, they're a good solution.

• MAOIs are everything-ergic, and unscheduled. They're also pretty awful. (You can't eat cheese!) Last resort.