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Does anyone else ever think about some unseen space monstrosity taking us out in the blink of an eye?
Yes, and it’s absolutely terrifying. I know at that point I wouldn’t feel anything but it’s depressing to know that everything you have, and will ever know, could be destroyed in an instant.
Do not despair, in all likelihood you're just a Boltzmann brain anyway.
But I can remember last Thursday!
But that is life - you will die at the end. This is not a reason to be depressive, there is a way to find freedom accepting the volatile nature of everything. Enjoy your life, do not harm anybody and do positive work.
Not sure of the math but definitely not an instant, at that scale.
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At 10% the speed of light, an object would traverse the distance of the diameter of the Earth in ~ 0.04 seconds. Which almost certainly would be too quick to be perceived by anyone.
I think (somebody correct me if I'm wrong) that all we really need is our sun, and to not be swallowed in a black hole or something. Eg. if we lost our own black hole, or a hole got punched in our galaxy (not where we are), or our solar system got slung out of the galaxy (intact)- we'd be fine, right?
There are other interstellar objects like comets, asteroids, planets, and dwarf stars roaming around that could take us out at any moment, directly or indirectly. A blackhole isn't much different than any of those in terms of consequence. The same process that would fling a blackhole around can fling anything around, and in theory primordial blackholes could be as small as most of those other objects.
Is there a chance that there's something out there so fast that we wouldn't see it coming early enough, and big enough to significantly impact us?

Like 2023 BU earlier this year that almost hit us less than a week after discovery.

Yes it's one of the most significant existential threats to life on earth. Probably #2 after self-inflicted environmental destruction.
Nuclear war is probably more likely.
The chance is >0, but beyond that it's just speculation--some of it very fancy, but speculation all the same.

For example, for awhile there was a theory that mass extinction events were correlated to the solar system's orbit as it passed through the galactic plane. That model, which is now largely rejected (per Wikipdia), predicted periodic relative increases and decreases in event rates across time spans down to several millions of years, but pinning down hard numbers was highly suspect even then--among other reasons, our solar system has only completed a couple dozen orbits since forming.

We just don't know enough to be able to say anything reliable except in broad, abstract terms with little meaning or substance. I'm squarely in the multi-planet advocacy camp, but IMNSHO if I or anyone else starts throwing around figures, conclusions, or even deductions, beware.

What you're saying is it could be over at any moment. Cool, cool, ...
There's a chance it already has, and we're just ghosts walking around unaware of our own demise.
Elon Musk has organized his entire business empire around that fear. (Or at least the parts of his empire that were deliberate.)
There is a much higher probability that some human monstrosity will be taking you out in the blink of an eye.
It's possible but improbable. When the Andromeda galaxy and the milky collide, there will be comparatively very few actual star collisions because galaxies are mostly made of empty space.

There is a much higher chance of being hit by an object that comes from our own solar system because it would have the same trajectory, speed, etc. I mean those things are following us permanently! And we know this because it already happened.

> 'Runaway' black hole the size of 20M suns found speeding through space

Someone shall fine the offender. /s

livescience.com or science.com same poor material.

The comments on that article really make me appreciate HN.