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I'm always amazed when I see how irregular some solutions look.
It would seem like this can be done by solving various optimization formulas via plane geometry? The radicals arise from solving maximization polynomials assuming it's a constructable solution.
You are right there is a field of optimization dedicated to solving this problem to guaranteed optimality.

However, Multi dimensional bin packing problems are the some of the hardest non linear optimization problems.

Depends on the shape. Irregular shape packing and optimisation is still being advanced. Newer approaches are using ai. Lots of GitHub repositories with different approaches.
What are some examples of efficient packing results that led to or inspired practical solutions?
One I can think of is circles-in-circles where you are bundling wires or optical fibre cores into cables. (And probably for tensile cables used in bridges and so on)
Bin packing everywhere! Truck loading?

Minimizing maximum to minimum ratio for structural stability.

Communications theory is largely about how to pack circles/spheres efficiently in multiple dimensions. So arguably pretty much all of the modern society is based on efficient packing.
God he discovered so many of these? I wonder what it must have been like, to realize, “hey, no one’s found this one before either!!”
Or he wrote a constraint satisfaction resolver maybe
Great site, thanks! Improvement idea: please use SVGs instead (or in addition to) GIFs. It should be relatively easy, much better quality, probably smaller image file sizes.
Please explain, what am I looking at here?