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Monumental achievement, but what's really extraordinary here is that this monograph is completely written/illustrated/typeset using LaTeX. Can't even begin to imagine how much effort this took.
Less effort than MS Word, I assure you.

Almost all math papers are written in LaTeX. There is nothing unusual about this.

Probably not that much. The figures are almost certainly just included vector images.
I wonder what would happen with a molecule with this shape, what would happen to a crystal with this configuration?
I was recently reading a fun paper by one of the authors on this paper, Chaim Goodman-Strauss. Very exciting to see him here!

For those who might be interested, it's a whirlwind of various problems in computer science around decidability. "Can't Decide? Undecide!" https://www.ams.org/notices/201003/rtx100300343p.pdf

Interesting, thanks for sharing! Also it's the first time I ever find graphical advertising in a paper, at the very end though.
I started to think if this hat tile shape could be used to make some sort of tile-laying game. In figure 1.1 you can see sort of hexagonal overlay grid, so maybe using that somehow
It's hard to make aperiodicity matter in a board game: as players place tiles, they either extend an aperiodic layout to a bigger one (unexciting) or they are unable to place a tile because someone, possibly much earlier, deviated from the "correct" construction.

Moreover, with a single einstein there is no tile unpredictability or choice whatsoever, eliminating two of the main strategic dimensions of tile-laying games.

One idea could be to have the tiles have different colorings, then your game goal could be to make some patterns or continuous areas. Example tile coloring scheme https://ibb.co/n0JJXF3
Could make for more interesting "terrain" of tiles used to form hex-based playfields.
i need this in my bathroom
This shape seems exceptionally suitable for matching continuous decoration patterns (e.g. knotwork) across tile edges and half edges.
It looks like flipping the tile over is allowed. Is that right?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-ECvtIA-5A

From the paper:

> A single hat is asymmetric, and so in any patch we can distinguish between “unreflected” and “reflected” orientations of tiles.

Wow! I remember reading the Penrose tiles article (1977 Scientific American, Martin Gardner's Mathematical Games column https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mathematical-game...) in the mid-80s, where if I remember right they were very excited to get the number of tiles required for a nonperiodic tiling down to 2.

Roger Penrose is still alive, I hope he is pleased to see this.