There are exactly two viable, open alternatives: Mastodon and Matrix. Neither are complete equivalents of Reddit, but both have more than 10 million users, which is what makes them viable for building communities.
If you intend to try Lemmy (an actual Reddit clone), you should be aware that Lemmy has around 9,000 users across all instances, some of which are probably duplicates, or test accounts created by developers. If you expect vibrant niche communities like on Reddit, you will likely be disappointed. This isn't a stab at Lemmy, which I believe has potential, but as of today that potential clearly hasn't been realized quite yet.
Comparison of both according to ChatGPT (GPT4) (I haven't used either):
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Mastodon is a decentralized, open-source social networking service. It's often seen as an alternative to Twitter, more than Reddit. Here are some key points about Mastodon:
Decentralized Platform: Unlike traditional social media platforms, Mastodon is decentralized, meaning that it is split into numerous independent communities or servers (called "instances"), each hosted by different people or organizations. This decentralization allows more control for users over their online presence.
Open Source: Mastodon is open-source, which means its source code is available to everyone, and anyone can contribute to its development or adapt it to create their own version.
Content and Community: On Mastodon, you follow other users and can post "toots," which are like tweets on Twitter. There is a 500-character limit per toot. The content is generally more conversation-focused.
Privacy and Control: Mastodon provides a higher level of control over your posts and privacy settings. You can choose who sees your posts and can also content warnings to your posts.
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Matrix, on the other hand, is an open-source project that provides an open standard for decentralized real-time communication, including instant messaging, VoIP (Voice over IP), and IoT (Internet of Things) communication. It's often seen as an alternative to Slack or Discord, more than Reddit. Key points about Matrix include:
Decentralized Communication: Matrix allows users to run their own communication servers, providing a greater degree of control and privacy. This is similar to Mastodon’s decentralization.
Interoperability: One of the defining features of Matrix is its ability to bridge, or interoperate, with other communication platforms, including IRC, Slack, Telegram, and Discord. This means that you can use Matrix to chat with people on these other platforms.
End-to-End Encryption: Matrix offers end-to-end encryption for communication, which ensures that only the people communicating can read the messages. This is not turned on by default but can be enabled for any conversation.
Versatility: Matrix can be used for a wide variety of communication needs, including instant messaging, voice and video calls, and even large scale chat rooms. It can support group communication better than Mastodon.
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[ 3.4 ms ] story [ 28.7 ms ] threadhttps://github.com/maltfield/awesome-lemmy-instances
If you intend to try Lemmy (an actual Reddit clone), you should be aware that Lemmy has around 9,000 users across all instances, some of which are probably duplicates, or test accounts created by developers. If you expect vibrant niche communities like on Reddit, you will likely be disappointed. This isn't a stab at Lemmy, which I believe has potential, but as of today that potential clearly hasn't been realized quite yet.
I know of a couple of others, but it's hard to say they're viable exactly, as their user numbers seem pretty small--hubski and tildes.
=== Mastodon is a decentralized, open-source social networking service. It's often seen as an alternative to Twitter, more than Reddit. Here are some key points about Mastodon:
Decentralized Platform: Unlike traditional social media platforms, Mastodon is decentralized, meaning that it is split into numerous independent communities or servers (called "instances"), each hosted by different people or organizations. This decentralization allows more control for users over their online presence.
Open Source: Mastodon is open-source, which means its source code is available to everyone, and anyone can contribute to its development or adapt it to create their own version.
Content and Community: On Mastodon, you follow other users and can post "toots," which are like tweets on Twitter. There is a 500-character limit per toot. The content is generally more conversation-focused.
Privacy and Control: Mastodon provides a higher level of control over your posts and privacy settings. You can choose who sees your posts and can also content warnings to your posts.
---
Matrix, on the other hand, is an open-source project that provides an open standard for decentralized real-time communication, including instant messaging, VoIP (Voice over IP), and IoT (Internet of Things) communication. It's often seen as an alternative to Slack or Discord, more than Reddit. Key points about Matrix include:
Decentralized Communication: Matrix allows users to run their own communication servers, providing a greater degree of control and privacy. This is similar to Mastodon’s decentralization.
Interoperability: One of the defining features of Matrix is its ability to bridge, or interoperate, with other communication platforms, including IRC, Slack, Telegram, and Discord. This means that you can use Matrix to chat with people on these other platforms.
End-to-End Encryption: Matrix offers end-to-end encryption for communication, which ensures that only the people communicating can read the messages. This is not turned on by default but can be enabled for any conversation.
Versatility: Matrix can be used for a wide variety of communication needs, including instant messaging, voice and video calls, and even large scale chat rooms. It can support group communication better than Mastodon. ===
then again, it took reddit about five years to become "Reddit"