Can you lose fat if you still have calories available in glycogen storage? Or do you need to first burn through the glycogen? Will only carbs work to replenish glycogen storage, or will also fat and protein?
I remember reading that for keto diets it's important to not eat too much protein, otherwise the excess protein may be converted to glucose, replenishing glycogen and knocking you out of ketosis.
This is not accurate. If that were true people who fasted would die after about 3 days, but of course, the longest fast lasted about 350 days. The reality is after 3 days of fasting, your blood glucose level stabilizes. Your body must perform gluconeogenesis to survive because a few types of tissue require glucose to live - those without mitochondria. This means red blood cells and about 30% of the energy requirements of your brain.
I think when people say "fat" they mean triglycerides - not free fatty acids - which includes the glycerol backbone. So it's not right to say that humans can't turn fat into sugar, they can.
Per the wikipedia article 90% of gluconeogenesis happens from lactate, glycerol, alanine and glutamate.
>Per the wikipedia article 90% of gluconeogenesis happens from lactate, glycerol, alanine and glutamate.
That's interesting! Glutamine vs glutamate ratio is supposedly something that affects motivation.[0] I wonder if (enough) gluconeogenesis thus boosts motivation?
The "word on the street" is that oral glutamine supplementation works for this purpose. My personal experience agrees with this (but the effect probably isn't very large).
In the morning I mix a tablespoon of glutamine into a glass of water and drink it. You can buy glutamine in supermarkets next to all the other protein supplements (glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body).
It's also helpful to your immune system.
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That being said, that's 'hearsay'. I am not aware of any studies that show that oral supplementation of glutamine improves motivation. That might just be due to time though. The original study showing that glutamine-to-glutamate ratio in the nuclear accumbens affects motivation was published in 2020.[0]
We do know that glutamine does pass the blood brain barrier.[1] There's probably a decent chance that oral supplementation of glutamine works.
Some downsides: it can make seizures worse. There's some worry about it having some effect on cancer, although that seems to be mixed - some seem to think it would increase the risk of cancer, others say it decreases it (cancer cells use glutamine as fuel).
From personal experience you’d have to eat a LOT of protein to kick you out. I do a pretty high protein keto diet and it works great. What really gets people is all the keto blogs talk about eating lots of fat. That great if you are doing keto for a lifestyle choice but if you’re doing it for weight loss you already have the fat and don’t need to boost your intake. Eating a fraction of the suggested macros still maintains satiety.
Studies show that exercise doesn't help you lose any appreciable amount of weight. It's good for you and you should do it, but it doesn't help with weight loss.
Only what you eat does. At a high level, it's mostly because (a) exercise just isn't inefficient enough to lose a ton of weight unless you do insane amounts of it. To lose 10lbs through exercise you need to run from SF to LA. (b) humans are notorious compensatory eaters. If you work out, you'll be hungry, and you'll rationalize or sneak extra food, and one muffin un-does like 5 miles of running.
[1] agrees, showing that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise done 5x weekly for 30m per day yields no measurable weight loss. [2] shows that adding exercise to diet yields no measurable difference between the diet and the diet+exercise group after 6 months, and after 12 months the difference was two pounds in favor of the exercise group. After a year.
It's interesting how persistent the 'just diet and exercise' thing is when any amount of research will show you that it just doesn't do shit. Your metabolism slows down to compensate for dieting, you eat more to compensate for exercise, etc. The studies that do show any benefit stop after 1 year, and don't really do follow-ups. By 'significant' benefit they mean statistically significant, as the weight loss numbers are really marginal. Then, if you look at 2-year follow-ups for weight-loss studies, they're fucking bleak. 9 in 10 fail and regain the bulk of the weight lost. Imagine a doctor regularly prescribing you pain medication that worked for 1 in 10 people - because that's basically the state of front-line weight management healthcare.
The one that really put it into perspective for me was the one that revisited the Biggest Loser participants after 6 years and the mean regain was 70% of their lost weight (90 of the 127lbs average), and they were left with a 20% slower metabolism. [1]
Based on my research, and I'm just a schmuck on the internet, the things that seem to work are: (1) not getting fat in the first place by maintaining a healthy weight through persistent diet and exercise (2) bariatric surgery (3) GLP-1 drugs, although they're very new and (4) fasting, although that would have to be an ongoing thing, and the evidence for this is promising but limited.
Re: (1) I'm not being glib, your body has a strong homeostatic drive and once you overcome it to put on the weight, you have to overcome it to lose the weight - and that's far less enjoyable. Unfortunately losing the weight can come with permanent metabolic adaptations that bias you towards regain, and you'll be fighting them for years.
This is just my opinion, but I think one thing that I haven't seen mentioned much is that modern diets (by which I mean foods) leave your stomach more empty than it should be for a given amount of calories absorbed. If you eat lots of whole foods, prepared the right way (e.g. steamed instead of fried in oil or fat) you body will 'see' less calories for the same stomach 'fullness'.
(I've done a bad job of expressing that - I hope someone will chime in with a better description and more information).
Find what works for your body without doing anything that makes you hate life.
I tried the "eat less, exercise more" routine for two years straight when I weighed over 340 lbs. Calorie restriction and walking everyday. I lost 50 lbs but had to quit because I was no longer able to motivate myself to keep doing it because I was absolutely exhausted.
Switched to keto on whim because I basically said "let me find something nutritious for my body that I can eat every day and satisfies me". The only option for me was paleo-related stuff.
No exercise, no calorie counting and I lost 90lbs in a single year. I felt healthier, slept better, had better hair, skin and joints, and several people thought I had a disease I lost so much weight so quickly.
10 years in and I still do not count calories. Ever. I eat meat, dairy and protein with as little sugar and carbs as possible. I am never hungry. I eat what I want, when I want as long as it is low carb.
I now consider this to be a solved problem for me. I'm not saying keto is for everyone, but find what works for you. It will be obvious to your body when you do.
It's just the protein IMO. I've only relatively recently began taking weight training seriously, and it really opened my eyes to how different nutrients really can affect you. When I hit my protein goals (which is 1g per lb of body weight) I'm left basically force feeding myself, in spite of maintaining approximately the same calorie intake as before. Eating proper levels of protein just leaves you so absurdly full. I always read the same was true of fiber, but never experienced this at all myself. I love broccoli and could eat it all day long, literally.
Notably just about the entire developed world is protein deficient. Factor in the DIAAS score [1] and the entire developed world is plainly malnourished as far as protein goes. DIAAS has to do with the fact that the digestibility (and amino acid balance) of protein varies by source. So, for instance to get the equivalent of 100 grams of protein from chicken breast, you'd need to consume 250 grams of protein from roasted peanuts.
Even if somebody isn't working out, bumping up the protein (and protein quality) would almost certainly show great things. I went from relying on intermittent fasting and some fairly cautious eating to maintain my weight, to a "diet" that culminates in "Oh god, I just can't eat anymore!" owing to nothing but dramatic shifts in my protein (and protein quality) intake.
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The [rapidly diminishing] inverse correlation between veganism and obesity would seem to reject this, but I think that can be easily and entirely explained by the fact that vegans are people who have already voluntarily opted into ideologically motivated dietary restraint. If you're willing and able to not give into what your body wants, then you will have little to no difficulty controlling your weight. It just won't be pleasant.
> Notably just about the entire developed world is protein deficient.
This is very a countervailing claim against what you find when you google protein needs, so I'd like to see some sources for it. Especially for people who aren't even working out.
"""Contrary to all the hype that everyone needs more protein, most people in the U.S. meet or exceed their needs. This is especially true for males ages 19–59. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020–2025 indicate that men in that age range are exceeding their protein recommendations, especially from meat, poultry and eggs."""
> Eating proper levels of protein just leaves you so absurdly full.
Let's say you eat 200g protein per day (1g/1lb weight). I can come up with wildly different dietary patterns that hit that goal. Frankly, the protein dense foods seem the least filling way to hit that number since they don't hit 2000+ calories.
- 260g protein powder: 920 calories
- 2100g tofu: 1800 calories
- 750g beef sirloin: 1875 calories
- 950g seitan: 1000 calories
- 730g chicken breast: 1340 calories
Not to say you should eat any one food item, but I think it's ancient broscience that protein is magically satiating, else you could easily fill up on protein powder and potatoes wouldn't be the most satiating food per calorie.
So I think you're in broscience territory unless you elaborate a bit more.
> Contrary to all the hype that everyone needs more protein, most people in the U.S. meet or exceed their needs. This is especially true for males ages 19–59.
did they back this claim by any sources?
I somehow can't find this phrase there. Where did you find it exactly?
Also, actively exercising person's protein intake requirements are usually considered significantly higher.
How would you figure out how much protein you should eat starting with a google search bar? Which sources would you accept and what do those sources say?
(btw, 1.6g/kg is 0.725g/lb, so still 73% of the person above's recommendation and only for hypertrophy results)
The person I replied to isn't talking about weight lifting nor optimizing hypertrophy. The actual context was weight management and satiety.
> Notably just about the entire developed world is protein deficient. Factor in the DIAAS score [1] and the entire developed world is plainly malnourished as far as protein goes. [...] Even if somebody isn't working out, bumping up the protein (and protein quality) would almost certainly show great things. I went from relying on intermittent fasting and some fairly cautious eating to maintain my weight, to a "diet" that culminates in "Oh god, I just can't eat anymore!" owing to nothing but dramatic shifts in my protein (and protein quality) intake.
If people are already getting enough protein, I don't see how macronutrient fixation will help with weight loss.
My own suspicion is that most people who are overweight probably need to replace less satiating foods like refined grains with more satiating foods like legumes, potatoes, whole grains, veg/fruits or anything more satiating than the food they are replacing on this index: http://ernaehrungsdenkwerkstatt.de/fileadmin/user_upload/EDW...
Meat is also more satiating than refined grains, but it's clear just looking at the satiety food index that satiety isn't directed by one magical macronutrient, yet the commenter above seems to purport that it's the case.
they likely defined "enough" as maintenance level for average american: overweight and low active.
To maintain healthy weight in long term with office job, person needs to actively exercise, and supply body with nutrition to exercise. Otherwise, methabolism will slow down, and likely overall health degradation will be observed.
> with more satiating foods
correct, and high protein food has high satiety index.
1. Daily protein intake for someone is directed by their body today, not what their body might be in the future nor what their body could be.
2. Daily protein intake isn't based on tiny hypertrophic optimizations even for athletes, so it's weird to double down that this would apply to average people.
Here's a morsel from your own study:
> However, even a 100 kg athlete can satisfy his/her daily protein requirements by consuming ~30 g of protein at each meal, which aligns with the per meal recommendations of 0.24–0.30 g/kg
0.24-0.30g/kg (0.11-0.14g/lb) is quite below 1.6g/kg (0.725g/lb).
If you would like to see science on it you can search for something like 'protein satiety study.' Brave search, at least, returns countless high quality looking results. [1] Suffice to say it's not even remotely controversial. In any case this isn't complex - just try it yourself, though remember to adjust protein intake vs DIAAS levels. What is controversial is my claim that the world, including the developed world, is largely protein deficient.
Yet we accept that protein not only has countless health benefits, but also significantly helps with things like satiety - in a world where obesity has become arguably the #1 public health crisis. And now pair this with DIAAS scores also emphasizing that many of the sources being used to pump up raw protein numbers (such as flour based products - bread, pasta, etc) are some of the worst possible sources of protein in terms of actual digestibility, let alone amino acid balance. The fact there isn't more focus on protein outside of e.g. body building nutritionists is quite odd.
> The [rapidly diminishing] inverse correlation between veganism and obesity would seem to reject this, but I think that can be easily and entirely explained
It's easily and entirely explained by fiber. Fiber, through gastric distension, is, along with protein, the primary driver of satiation. There are other factors too, like the fact that they eat more whole, unprocessed foods, which are harder for the body to digest (i.e., require more energy.)
I'm interested. When people say losing weight causes the metabolism to slow down, are they simply referring to the BMR going down as a result of the new weight/height/sex combination.
Between 65kg and 60kg of body mass, my BMR would go down about 50 calories, which given lifestyle and eating changes, wouldn't be such an issue.
Or is there something else I'm missing? How drastically does metabolism slow down? Has anybody calculated how much it does this by, or is there too many variables at play for any accuracy?
If you read the study, you'll find they say 17% below what you would expect for someone of their weight and activity level, so no, it doesn't explain the lower metabolism. That's kind of the point of the study.
Well sure people fail to maintain exercise schedules cause gym is freaking boring. Most people that manage find some way to get endorphins out of it - like if they get fit and like how they body looks, they can use that as a source of happiness, or find some other way to exercise that is fun on its own (martial arts, social dancing, cycling, hiking, sports etc…)
Exercise and diet is simply not fun enough to be its own thing for most people. But it can be a means to an end - and once you achieve that end you can “lock yourself” into a more energetic and fun life.
Those studies try to control for all of that but its really hard as its something that requires a lot of time to play out and its not entirely ethical to put humans into things like this.
My totally anecdotal advise would be to go to your local dance school - you’ll have so much fun you wouldn’t think you’re exercising when you could literally spend 6+ hours running squatting and jumping, 2-3 times a week. Whatever your diet you’ll probably get in shape, though by that point you will care little for that as there is surprisingly little body shaming in social dance communities :-D
I tend to hang out with hundreds-to-thousands of endurance athletes [0], and the large plurality of them are not heavy people. Sure, there are some that don't run competitively and take around an hour to do a 5k with their friends. They do tend to be a bit curvier and say things like "I run for donuts" or "I've gotta work off my beer somehow". By and large, though, people who are consistently running throughout the week are not overweight. Some of us also eat a ton to support this.
All this is to say that I suspect our cultural understanding of "normal movement" is near zero minutes per week, and "exercising" is only slightly above that. The study itself references 150 minutes per week of moderate exercise out of the 6,720 waking minutes available. Allotting just over 1% of time to exercise does not strike me as the type of strategy that would effect meaningful change. In fact, 30 minutes is a relatively easy 5k time— a distance which most coaches would say a healthy adult can shake off and be well rested from within 24 hours. 25km per week is a very low volume for someone expecting to see a physical change.
Unfortunately, the levels of activity that do have a positive impact on peoples' lives are often described as "insane amounts" or other discouraging descriptions. Indeed, it takes time to adjust from old normal, where 292.6 minutes per day of television does not seem out of place, to a new normal where investing in ones body (and mind!) is given a high priority.
I haven't finished reading the second referenced study, but I'm seeing the same thing— small impacts at the start of something. The first random referenced study [1] I picked had this to say:
> The results suggest that dieting is associated with weight loss followed by regain after treatment ends, whereas exercise alone produced smaller weight losses but better maintenance.
The key, from my experience, is adopting a lower-weight lifestyle. We've all seen friends attempt a new diet and it never works, as TFA explains. Unfortunately we've built a culture of obesity, and cultural influences are very difficult things to avoid.
[0] https://ultrasignup.com (These are all over the country, and not all of them are ultramarathons)
Even just designing your lifestyle to include movement makes a huge difference. I commuted by bike for years - 11 miles a day, every day, and basically maintained my weight despite eating or drinking whatever I liked. The pandemic put an end to that and my weight has been creeping up year on year since. It didn't really feel like exercise, just a way of travelling.
Similarly - walk everywhere. Choose to live somewhere you can walk to the shops and then take advantage of that. I read a study a few years ago that showed that people living in UK cities walk more than twice the distance each year of those living in suburban or rural locations. You definitely wouldn't know there was an obesity epidemic in my country looking at the people in my neighborhood. Half of them don't own a car.
This is a good point. I do know of a handful who joined the community strictly because they realized they were getting too heavy. One (adult) guy's dad had a sit down with him.
Another guy I know needs a hip replacement and his mobility has been decreased for the last two years or so as he waits. His weight has also gone up dramatically. Interestingly in his case, he's tried all kinds of different diets which have all had negative effects at best.
Still, there have been a few people that fit the profile exactly as you describe— heavy people who find it very difficult and eventually decide the juice isn't worth the squeeze. Running is very difficult when carrying extra weight. There are surely people who decide they can't do it even before they give it an honest try. But that's kind of what I was referring to above; the amount of times I've heard people say "I honestly cannot believe I had that in me" at the completion of a race is why I keep coming back.
It does work. I've lost about 15kg (88kg to 73kg; I'm 179cm) over a few months since I've started running regularly. I didn't change anything in my diet (I've always hated stuff like sugary drinks, but my diet is not otherwise super strict).
Now I'm running between 4.4km and 6.5km almost every morning, which would sound crazy to me not too long ago. On weekends I sometimes try longer runs.
I've been running regularly for over 100 days (ran sporadically before but started running daily in the beginning of 2022). I didn't keep track but lost weight fast in the beginning, then plateaued.
Right. People should run for the sake of running (endurance and cardiovascular health) and lift for the sake of lifting (strength and size). Any metabolic bonuses are just that, bonuses.
The experience of stopping to exercise and then starting to gain weight is pretty common. So is experience of picking up exercise and starting to loose weight. Can it get you from super obese to thin? No. Is it true that your physical activity is irrelevant to your weight? Absolutely not.
> If you work out, you'll be hungry, and you'll rationalize or sneak extra food, and one muffin un-does like 5 miles of running.
This is really not how any of that works. Only some kind of exercise will make you more hungry ... and they happen to be the ones where muscle builds. You are more hungry after lifting weight, but you also should eat more after lifting weights, else the muscle wont build.
I look forward to reading studies, do you have some to back up this hypothesis? I'm not being glib, if you have some I'd love to read them. I have not found any.
The goal of losing weight is to lose fat, it's not about bringing down the number on the scale. Exercise is going to build muscle or at least maintain it. The second study you linked cites this study that lasted for 12 weeks[0]:
>Subjects and methods: In a longitudinal clinical study, 121 healthy, overweight postmenopausal women (age 53.8 +/- 2.5 years, body mass index: 29.7 +/- 3.1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: controls, a 4,200 kJ/d diet, or a 4,200 kJ/d diet with combined aerobic and anaerobic exercise.
>Results: /.../ The mean loss of body weight (9.5 kg versus 10.3 kg, NS) was similar in the intervention groups, but compared with the diet-only group, the diet-plus-exercise group lost more fat (7.8 kg versus 9.6 kg, p < 0.001) and no lean tissue mass (1.2 kg versus -0.0 kg, p < 0.001). The resting metabolic rate (per kg wt) was increased in the diet-plus-exercise group compared with the control group (11% versus 4%, p < 0.009).
If the people that exercised stopped exercising they would lose the muscle they gained/maintained and lose additional weight.
PS: I like that this study is written in a way that's relatively easy to follow.
The point of linking (2) was to provide a meta-analysis of many studies, and to reduce the specific weighting of individual outliers. There were plenty of outliers in the other direction. Measuring after 12 weeks isn't really useful - what matters is long-term outcomes and sustainability - and honestly I don't know that postmenopausal women are entirely representative.
The meta-analysis is clear, the longer you wait to follow up the worse the numbers get.
> The achievement after 2 years may appear small, averaging 1.64 kg or 1.24 kg m−2 loss of body weight after a combination of dietary changes and increased physical activity. [2]
The meta-analysis only included overweight or obese participants, so BMI 25+ or 30+. That's a total body weight change of less than 5%, after 2 years. Even cherry-picking on 6 year study showed a 5% drop in weight, for obese people who need to lose 20 or 30% to return to a normal weight.
The important take-aways here are that studies only look good until you follow up on the participants (12 weeks is not useful) - and that statistical significance isn't practical significance. 3lbs of total weight loss after 2 years is good, of course, but it's an umbrella in a hurricane.
I picked the study because it measured body fat and had a caloric restriction. If you're eating 450 kcal below your TDEE then you are going to lose fat. If your scale doesn't go down then that means you're going to gain weight somewhere else - muscle mass, glycogen, water etc.
I think studies about weight loss should include body fat measurements.
Regardless of your intentions when linking (2) the fact remains: exercise groups lose more fat and gain more muscles which means a healthier body. This would still hold true even under the worst-case assumption of no difference in overall weight loss compared to diets. Which is not the case meaning that the effect of exercise is even greater.
What I've found, in my case, is that exercise has an effect on food intake. Sure, when I move more, I tend to be hungrier and eat more. But what's interesting, is it has an effect on what I want to eat and especially on my "cravings". It basically makes me hate "junk food", and instead want to eat meat and vegetables.
If I'm already doing this, I need to pay some attention to not overeat. But when I used to binge on crappy foods, it made an immediate and enormous difference to my waistline.
> Studies show that exercise doesn't help you lose any appreciable amount of weight. It's good for you and you should do it, but it doesn't help with weight loss.
Depends on your definition of appreciable. I started measuring calories in vs out in 2021, lost ~25 kg since then (OK I lost almost 40 kg since then but I bounced back a little). I have a pretty good idea by now how much calories I burn by walking and biking (about 60 kcal per km walked, about 30 kcal per km biked).
It might seem low, but in that time I walked over 7km a day on average and biked over 5 km a day (mostly big trips on weekends + some walking on work days).
At my weight and intensity that's ~500 kcal deficit per day. Makes it much easier to stay in the negatives.
You may have started bouncing back because studies show that your BMR will drop by as much as 17% below the baseline expectation for someone of your weight after like 6 months if you're doing caloric restriction dieting. Your 500kcal/day deficit may be zero or negative once you factor that in. Consider reducing your intake to 500kcal/day below 80% of the expected BMR for someone of your weight and see if you return to your original trajectory.
It's called adaptive thermogenesis. See Figure 1 and Table 1 in [1].
My bouncing back is entirely explained by caloric intake ;) I've had "cheat months".
I simplified it, I was bouncing up and down several times, I started at 130 kg, went to 100 kg pretty quickly, dipped to 90 kg twice (both times on backpacking trips BTW), and now I'm oscillating between 100 and 105 roughly.
It might be, but it might not entirely be. That's the thing, there's more to this. The reality is weight loss should be a long-term thing, and you should be sustaining it years later without issue if popular narrative is to be believed. I'm not really even commenting on individual cases, just sharing what I've dug up because based on what's going on around us, it's clear the approach we're taking is completely failing us - and we're really just not that alarmed about it.
Any time I've tried to dig up studies that support the commonly prescribed approach I've failed.
I've been telling people for years how my weight can easily fluctuate 2kg over a single day. I knew it was water (we're mostly water anyway), but didn't know it was glycogen. I think a lot of salt increases water retention too.
Some people say you shouldn't weigh yourself every day because fluctuations are disheartening. I wholeheartedly disagree. You must weigh yourself every day. Then you'll be able to see the trend. If the line isn't going where you want it to, eat less (or more).
Having less water makes you look learner too. This is well known by bodybuilders, models, actors, fitness influencers etc. Every actor you see with their shirt off is dehydrated. Talk about unrealistic beauty standards...
Modern bodybuilding is so far gone off the deep end, it's insane. Competitors are so severely dehydrated at the time of competition that they can barely manage the exertion of standing on stage and posing. There are more deaths in bodybuilding than any other sport, even stuff like MMA.
It's cool seeing the numbers but on a practical level I think they're a distraction. To track weight loss, you only need to measure your weight at the same time every day (e.g morning before breakfast) and use a rolling 7-day average for good measure. The number on the scale is less real than the rolling average.
You will have a lower 7 day rolling average on a low carb diet than on a high carb diet because of glycogen. A low carb diet will deplete it faster, so you will think it's working better, but in actuality the effect is temporary. You need to be cognizant of glycogen while dieting so you don't get fooled.
Otherwise you will think your diet stopped working after a while
"Diets" don't really make any logical sense from a weight management perspective as a liminal thing. Your body will always trend towards a given weight for a given caloric input, because one of the biggest factors in your daily caloric burn is how much you already weigh. And as you lose weight, it goes down. In other words, your equilibrium caloric intake will decrease as you lose weight. So if you go on a diet, drop 30 lbs, and then go back to eating the same amount you were before, then you're going to regain those 30lbs right on back.
The reason checking the scale is useful is because they can clue you in on where a given caloric input is taking you, up or down. The details and timeline aren't really relevant, because if you want the gains to stay then that "diet" is your new, permanent, lifestyle.
In general, no. People's bodies vary dramatically, but in the end after everything (metabolism, lifestyle, and numerous other factors) is accounted for you're basically going to end up with a table at any given snapshot in time. And that table will give you a weight you'll end up at if consume 'x' calories per day.
The reason going on a fixed deficit (or bulk) will not just endlessly let you lose or gain weight is because when you lose weight, your body starts being able to operate on fewer and fewer calories. Your metabolism might improve, but nowhere near enough to counter this effect. And vice versa when for bulking.
If you have a high tolerance for food repetition, you can even experimentally see this really easily. Lay out a diet for cutting and you can see the scale will gradually trend towards some specific weight with the decreases getting smaller and smaller. And vice versa when bulking, where you'll see initial big gains followed by a leveling out as your body approaches its new equilibrium caloric intake. This is something anybody who's done any e.g. body building can attest to.
So going on a deficit and then going back to eating what you were just means that you're just going to head back to your old weight. So diets really need to be a permanent lifestyle thing, which is why finding one you can be comfortable with is so critical.
Once upon a time I gained a lot of weight (20+kg, crossing the "obese" BMI bar) over a dozen or so years, and started to physically feel really bad. I realised that if I want to save my life (as in not dying from a heart attack or something but also being a living entity while not feeling absolute garbage every day, which would be wasting my life) I had to do something. Since it took me that much time to gain that weight and wanted to go back to feeling my best in a way that sticks I set up a weight loss plan that would unfold over the same amount of time than it took, because there's just no shortcuts to it.
So I did a big ass spreadsheet, plotting rolling 7 day + rolling 24 days and their derivatives.
Key insights of my strategy:
- instant measurement does not matter, as in it's actually not worth looking at every day, only retrospectively when observed as a collection upon looking for root causes of deviations of the averages. most advices about weighting in at a certain time or a certain day of the week is about faking an average with discrete measurements (which kinda works but requires extremely effortful consistency to make sense, and any error throws the fake average off big time)
- 24 day average is really nice and meaningful: missing or mismeasuring (not weighting early morning+ after poop, scale glitch...) a few measurements would be inconsequential, a couple stray events would not affect it, a positive derivative would mean I must take immediate action (as in, get back on track with being consistent) to correct course and reverse the trend. when in the losing weight phase, a negative derivative closing in towards zero would mean I should pay a bit more attention to being consistent. as target weight† nears or is attained the meaning of that derivative shifts a bit (obviously one does not want to perpetually lose weight, so things offset and taper off)
- if weighting multiple times a day for averages it would consider only the minimum for that day, but it would also give me a spread for a given day, allowing me to understand fine grained details of my body behaviour in face of specific events (overeating, undereating, doing sports, drinking water, drinking alcohol when partying) and compare that to the next day(s). such events preceding each measurement were annotated on the corresponding row.
- from an initial data gathering and retrospective, 24 day appeared to be my body latency: when I did something effective or veered off course the effect would visibly settle in as long term weight loss or gain after that amount of time (this would be visible in raw data, not artificially come from the average construction, so I tuned that average to 24 days to produce the corresponding synthetic, immediately meaningful derivative value)
- 7 day allows for shorter term observation and reactions, but is more susceptible to noise. It appeared from observational data that it was the rough scale at which things would start to have long term effects happening at t+latency. e.g not doing sports, or overeating, or bad sleep from t to t+5~7 would produce a long term, lasting effet at t+20~25 days; lower than that and it would just evaporate.
overall it removed a whole lot of complexity, guesswork, and guilt, which translated in not skipping measurements, which produced more and better data, making the whole process a non-event, progressively building healthy habits, making it easier to course correct, and so on and so forth.
the end: I shed all the excess weight two years before the "deadline" without feeling that I put much effort into it (there was effort, especially when I needed to kick my ass a couple times, but it did not feel like I was constantly abusing my body; the "consistency" effort was spread out and thus much more manageable). concretely I ended up both feeling (internal assessment) and looking (external feedback) younger in my late 30s than in my late 20s.
I've since replaced that with a Garmin watch + scale and the Garmin app doe...
You just track your weight and your caloric intake and it tells you how much you're burning and how much more or less you need to hit a particular rate of weight change.
I think about reduction in volume rather than reduction in weight as a goal. Burning fat will reduce your volume but adding muscle will increase your weight (potentially).
When I was 40 I went from ~16% body fat to ~9% while also gaining about 5% of my body weight in muscle. It took me 2 years during which I experimented a lot with nutrition. I also consumed every article, video, study, advice, etc that I could find. Looking back I was pretty surprised to understand that all that information did almost nothing in helping me get results.
Getting "shredded" was mostly limited by finding out what works for me. What food I can easily buy and cook. What food I tolerated eating, because after 2 years I could not stand chicken breast any more. What fit into my schedule as I could not eat a big lunch because it made me sleepy at work. A big dinner meant I would sleep poorly. A big breakfast prevented me to train in the morning. I started by drinking almost a liter of milk a day but somewhere along those 2 years I became lactose intolerant. I ended up eating a lot of fat in the form of nuts, butter, cheese and that made my cholesterol go down somehow which puzzled my doctor. And so many other things I discovered about my body.
I am not even talking about bullshit science in the fitness industry (which is a lot). Articles and information like the present ones, which I can find nothing wrong with, do absolutely nothing in helping lose weight. This rant was provoked by the title "Numbers without which it's impossible to talk about weight loss". I call bullshit even as I recently started another weight loss journey as I'm close to 20% BF now. And very little of what I discovered before applies as I'm older, switched lifestyles, live in a different country with completely different food, etc. But one thing I am sure of: I will not waste another moment reading stuff like this.
> I started by drinking almost a liter of milk a day but somewhere along those 2 years I became lactose intolerant.
Well this isn't really surprising to me, assuming that you didn't drink raw milk. Processed milk doesn't have the lactase enzyme, so your body has to produce it in order to break down lactose. Consuming that much milk puts your lactase production into overdrive, until it eventually fatigues and you become lactose intolerant.
It's rather ironic, that people who are lactose intolerant can actually consume raw milk, because it still contains the lactase enzyme, so your body doesn't have to produce (as much).
I made a simple rule, but i'm not sure it will work for everyone, but I lost 77 lbs in 2022 due to a health issue and it seems to work.
Basically I have to be hungry from 6 pm to 9 am (and not eat), for at least a week, preferably 2 weeks. If I feel hungry for a period, i lose weight or at worst stay at current weight. Usually i lose a few pounds. Then I can have periods where I can eat more and gain a few, then I just go back to not eating as much and it goes down again.
The key thing is to just feel that hunger feeling relatively often and it's usually a good sign.
I get used to the hunger feeling after awhile, so it's not that big of an issue after that.
I actually sleep better when not eating before sleep.
Sort of a bigger point about this - last year when I was losing a lot of weight I was eating around 1500 calories per day, and I felt pretty amazing ironically. Felt a lot more energetic and lighter, but I basically ate no fast food or any food I enjoy, and it was only this year when I started to be able to eat my favorite food I started to realize I feel a lot worse (basically a little more bloated, heavier, not as energetic) when eating it (things like pizza, burgers, etc). I had to stop with chips and chocolate completely though.
But my point is it feels like that's sort of the issue I'm dealing with right now is not eating much at all reduced my appetite to almost nothing, but I basically had to stop eating any food I enjoy (like pizza, burgers, etc), so I had to choose between food not being a part of my life much (and get stable blood sugar), or eat unhealthy in periods and then feel worse. I haven't come up with a perfect solution but I felt like I couldn't give up the food so...
Edit: Also by the way, regarding sleeping hungry directly, my motivation was that I knew I was losing weight or "accomplishing the goal" when doing it, so mentally I felt good about feeling hungry. I couldn't wait till the next day came around and I had slept and knocked off those hours up until 9 am.
In 2022 it was definitely hunger as I stopped eating high calorie stuff completely. But that level of eating was unsustainable and only possible because of the health issue I was forced to. I was basically thinking about food 24/7.
However after I started eating less healthy food it definitely can be. That's the issue I have atm, giving up food I enjoy vs feeling high calorie withdrawal (at least relatively, I eat a lot less now than before).
I’ve never struggled to keep a healthy weight (always have been athletic), but your thoughts here are consistent with my general experience. I spend a lot of time hungry. I feel like it’s normal and healthy to be hungry, and less normal to always have to actually do something about it.
I also am not really familiar with most junk food. Growing up, we never had snacks in the house, or sugary drinks. I think there is likely a very real correlation to the habits you learn around unhealthy foods when you’re young and your ability to not be tempted by these later in life.
I'm not fat in most (if not all) measurements, but I can see my belly fat when I sit down. I've read quite a few articles/papers discussing weight loss, but it ended up helped me very little. The number provided in the articles (including this one) while important, is still too abstract to directly act upon.
Guess what I wanted is a list of specific food/stuffs that I need to consume everyday in order to stay healthy and strong. Maybe some experts in the field can create an app/webpage which allow you "shop" consumables with your daily calories as budget.
Also, as far as I understand it, calories is just one part of the game, the end goal is being healthy, not just weight loss.
> I'm not fat in most (if not all) measurements, but I can see my belly fat when I sit down. I've read quite a few articles/papers discussing weight loss, but it ended up helped me very little.
Maybe the issue is not "being fat" then, one of the things I noticed in my journey to understanding my body is that since I sit a lot (I can't seem to be able to code while standing) my core would atrophy and lose natural tension. Without that wall viscera fall down because gravity, pushing outwards like jello resting on a flat surface, and making normal fat feel uncomfortably present. Doing planks and working on fixing posture usually solves that for me. YMMV though.
Doing rolling 72-hour fasts I found I can lose an average of 0.25 lbs of body fat per day. If you look at the daily numbers it looks like I'm gaining and losing weight really fast, but the trend line over a month is a perfect line with 0.25 slope.
Instantaneous measurements of weight are worthless for understanding weight loss. A lot of people freak out when they see the scale go up on a carb heavy day thinking "Oh my god I ruined everything!" Keeping daily measurements in a log and reviewing it once a week makes more sense. Just write it down and forget about it. Keep to the routine and then adjust as necessary during the weekly review.
Edit Note: I wonder if there would be a market for a "Encrypted Scale" that doesn't actually show a reading and just saves the weight to a server and gives you a report every once in a while.
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[ 4.4 ms ] story [ 189 ms ] threadI remember reading that for keto diets it's important to not eat too much protein, otherwise the excess protein may be converted to glucose, replenishing glycogen and knocking you out of ketosis.
Pathway is here if you're curious. [1]
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesis
Per the wikipedia article 90% of gluconeogenesis happens from lactate, glycerol, alanine and glutamate.
That's interesting! Glutamine vs glutamate ratio is supposedly something that affects motivation.[0] I wonder if (enough) gluconeogenesis thus boosts motivation?
[0] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-020-0760-6
In the morning I mix a tablespoon of glutamine into a glass of water and drink it. You can buy glutamine in supermarkets next to all the other protein supplements (glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body).
It's also helpful to your immune system.
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That being said, that's 'hearsay'. I am not aware of any studies that show that oral supplementation of glutamine improves motivation. That might just be due to time though. The original study showing that glutamine-to-glutamate ratio in the nuclear accumbens affects motivation was published in 2020.[0]
We do know that glutamine does pass the blood brain barrier.[1] There's probably a decent chance that oral supplementation of glutamine works.
Some downsides: it can make seizures worse. There's some worry about it having some effect on cancer, although that seems to be mixed - some seem to think it would increase the risk of cancer, others say it decreases it (cancer cells use glutamine as fuel).
[0] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-020-0760-6
[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12933350/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3636601/
Only what you eat does. At a high level, it's mostly because (a) exercise just isn't inefficient enough to lose a ton of weight unless you do insane amounts of it. To lose 10lbs through exercise you need to run from SF to LA. (b) humans are notorious compensatory eaters. If you work out, you'll be hungry, and you'll rationalize or sneak extra food, and one muffin un-does like 5 miles of running.
[1] agrees, showing that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise done 5x weekly for 30m per day yields no measurable weight loss. [2] shows that adding exercise to diet yields no measurable difference between the diet and the diet+exercise group after 6 months, and after 12 months the difference was two pounds in favor of the exercise group. After a year.
[1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00330...
[2] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-789X...
The one that really put it into perspective for me was the one that revisited the Biggest Loser participants after 6 years and the mean regain was 70% of their lost weight (90 of the 127lbs average), and they were left with a 20% slower metabolism. [1]
[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27136388/
Re: (1) I'm not being glib, your body has a strong homeostatic drive and once you overcome it to put on the weight, you have to overcome it to lose the weight - and that's far less enjoyable. Unfortunately losing the weight can come with permanent metabolic adaptations that bias you towards regain, and you'll be fighting them for years.
my intuition is that if you add some intense exercises into the mix, they will boost your metabolism.
its called satiety index
this is my main tool in attempt to manage weight, but I feel it is still not enough with sedentary office work.
I tried the "eat less, exercise more" routine for two years straight when I weighed over 340 lbs. Calorie restriction and walking everyday. I lost 50 lbs but had to quit because I was no longer able to motivate myself to keep doing it because I was absolutely exhausted.
Switched to keto on whim because I basically said "let me find something nutritious for my body that I can eat every day and satisfies me". The only option for me was paleo-related stuff.
No exercise, no calorie counting and I lost 90lbs in a single year. I felt healthier, slept better, had better hair, skin and joints, and several people thought I had a disease I lost so much weight so quickly.
10 years in and I still do not count calories. Ever. I eat meat, dairy and protein with as little sugar and carbs as possible. I am never hungry. I eat what I want, when I want as long as it is low carb.
I now consider this to be a solved problem for me. I'm not saying keto is for everyone, but find what works for you. It will be obvious to your body when you do.
Notably just about the entire developed world is protein deficient. Factor in the DIAAS score [1] and the entire developed world is plainly malnourished as far as protein goes. DIAAS has to do with the fact that the digestibility (and amino acid balance) of protein varies by source. So, for instance to get the equivalent of 100 grams of protein from chicken breast, you'd need to consume 250 grams of protein from roasted peanuts.
Even if somebody isn't working out, bumping up the protein (and protein quality) would almost certainly show great things. I went from relying on intermittent fasting and some fairly cautious eating to maintain my weight, to a "diet" that culminates in "Oh god, I just can't eat anymore!" owing to nothing but dramatic shifts in my protein (and protein quality) intake.
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The [rapidly diminishing] inverse correlation between veganism and obesity would seem to reject this, but I think that can be easily and entirely explained by the fact that vegans are people who have already voluntarily opted into ideologically motivated dietary restraint. If you're willing and able to not give into what your body wants, then you will have little to no difficulty controlling your weight. It just won't be pleasant.
[1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestible_Indispensable_Amino...
This is very a countervailing claim against what you find when you google protein needs, so I'd like to see some sources for it. Especially for people who aren't even working out.
For example, top google results:
- https://www.health.harvard.edu/nutrition/when-it-comes-to-pr...
- https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/resources/2020-2025-dietar...
"""Contrary to all the hype that everyone needs more protein, most people in the U.S. meet or exceed their needs. This is especially true for males ages 19–59. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020–2025 indicate that men in that age range are exceeding their protein recommendations, especially from meat, poultry and eggs."""
> Eating proper levels of protein just leaves you so absurdly full.
Let's say you eat 200g protein per day (1g/1lb weight). I can come up with wildly different dietary patterns that hit that goal. Frankly, the protein dense foods seem the least filling way to hit that number since they don't hit 2000+ calories.
- 260g protein powder: 920 calories
- 2100g tofu: 1800 calories
- 750g beef sirloin: 1875 calories
- 950g seitan: 1000 calories
- 730g chicken breast: 1340 calories
Not to say you should eat any one food item, but I think it's ancient broscience that protein is magically satiating, else you could easily fill up on protein powder and potatoes wouldn't be the most satiating food per calorie.
So I think you're in broscience territory unless you elaborate a bit more.
did they back this claim by any sources? I somehow can't find this phrase there. Where did you find it exactly?
Also, actively exercising person's protein intake requirements are usually considered significantly higher.
How would you figure out how much protein you should eat starting with a google search bar? Which sources would you accept and what do those sources say?
Top article is this: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5852756/ which says that intake below 1.6g/kg increases results, and effect is diminished above that number.
Peer reviewed studies are the best source of truth we have on this topic. Also they are obviously not perfect.
The person I replied to isn't talking about weight lifting nor optimizing hypertrophy. The actual context was weight management and satiety.
> Notably just about the entire developed world is protein deficient. Factor in the DIAAS score [1] and the entire developed world is plainly malnourished as far as protein goes. [...] Even if somebody isn't working out, bumping up the protein (and protein quality) would almost certainly show great things. I went from relying on intermittent fasting and some fairly cautious eating to maintain my weight, to a "diet" that culminates in "Oh god, I just can't eat anymore!" owing to nothing but dramatic shifts in my protein (and protein quality) intake.
If people are already getting enough protein, I don't see how macronutrient fixation will help with weight loss.
My own suspicion is that most people who are overweight probably need to replace less satiating foods like refined grains with more satiating foods like legumes, potatoes, whole grains, veg/fruits or anything more satiating than the food they are replacing on this index: http://ernaehrungsdenkwerkstatt.de/fileadmin/user_upload/EDW...
Meat is also more satiating than refined grains, but it's clear just looking at the satiety food index that satiety isn't directed by one magical macronutrient, yet the commenter above seems to purport that it's the case.
they likely defined "enough" as maintenance level for average american: overweight and low active.
To maintain healthy weight in long term with office job, person needs to actively exercise, and supply body with nutrition to exercise. Otherwise, methabolism will slow down, and likely overall health degradation will be observed.
> with more satiating foods
correct, and high protein food has high satiety index.
1. Daily protein intake for someone is directed by their body today, not what their body might be in the future nor what their body could be.
2. Daily protein intake isn't based on tiny hypertrophic optimizations even for athletes, so it's weird to double down that this would apply to average people.
Here's a morsel from your own study:
> However, even a 100 kg athlete can satisfy his/her daily protein requirements by consuming ~30 g of protein at each meal, which aligns with the per meal recommendations of 0.24–0.30 g/kg
0.24-0.30g/kg (0.11-0.14g/lb) is quite below 1.6g/kg (0.725g/lb).
Don't you have to bite the bullet here?
0.30g/kg is per meal, and they say meals should be taken every 3-5h, so I guess there are multiple meals per day.
Yet we accept that protein not only has countless health benefits, but also significantly helps with things like satiety - in a world where obesity has become arguably the #1 public health crisis. And now pair this with DIAAS scores also emphasizing that many of the sources being used to pump up raw protein numbers (such as flour based products - bread, pasta, etc) are some of the worst possible sources of protein in terms of actual digestibility, let alone amino acid balance. The fact there isn't more focus on protein outside of e.g. body building nutritionists is quite odd.
[1] - https://search.brave.com/search?q=protein+satiety+study&sour...
It's easily and entirely explained by fiber. Fiber, through gastric distension, is, along with protein, the primary driver of satiation. There are other factors too, like the fact that they eat more whole, unprocessed foods, which are harder for the body to digest (i.e., require more energy.)
Between 65kg and 60kg of body mass, my BMR would go down about 50 calories, which given lifestyle and eating changes, wouldn't be such an issue.
Or is there something else I'm missing? How drastically does metabolism slow down? Has anybody calculated how much it does this by, or is there too many variables at play for any accuracy?
[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9036397/
Exercise and diet is simply not fun enough to be its own thing for most people. But it can be a means to an end - and once you achieve that end you can “lock yourself” into a more energetic and fun life.
Those studies try to control for all of that but its really hard as its something that requires a lot of time to play out and its not entirely ethical to put humans into things like this.
My totally anecdotal advise would be to go to your local dance school - you’ll have so much fun you wouldn’t think you’re exercising when you could literally spend 6+ hours running squatting and jumping, 2-3 times a week. Whatever your diet you’ll probably get in shape, though by that point you will care little for that as there is surprisingly little body shaming in social dance communities :-D
All this is to say that I suspect our cultural understanding of "normal movement" is near zero minutes per week, and "exercising" is only slightly above that. The study itself references 150 minutes per week of moderate exercise out of the 6,720 waking minutes available. Allotting just over 1% of time to exercise does not strike me as the type of strategy that would effect meaningful change. In fact, 30 minutes is a relatively easy 5k time— a distance which most coaches would say a healthy adult can shake off and be well rested from within 24 hours. 25km per week is a very low volume for someone expecting to see a physical change.
Unfortunately, the levels of activity that do have a positive impact on peoples' lives are often described as "insane amounts" or other discouraging descriptions. Indeed, it takes time to adjust from old normal, where 292.6 minutes per day of television does not seem out of place, to a new normal where investing in ones body (and mind!) is given a high priority.
I haven't finished reading the second referenced study, but I'm seeing the same thing— small impacts at the start of something. The first random referenced study [1] I picked had this to say:
> The results suggest that dieting is associated with weight loss followed by regain after treatment ends, whereas exercise alone produced smaller weight losses but better maintenance.
The key, from my experience, is adopting a lower-weight lifestyle. We've all seen friends attempt a new diet and it never works, as TFA explains. Unfortunately we've built a culture of obesity, and cultural influences are very difficult things to avoid.
[0] https://ultrasignup.com (These are all over the country, and not all of them are ultramarathons)
[1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00028...
Similarly - walk everywhere. Choose to live somewhere you can walk to the shops and then take advantage of that. I read a study a few years ago that showed that people living in UK cities walk more than twice the distance each year of those living in suburban or rural locations. You definitely wouldn't know there was an obesity epidemic in my country looking at the people in my neighborhood. Half of them don't own a car.
Might be sampling bias, or rather reverse causation.
It's not that "endurance athletes are not heavy", but simply "heavy people don't like endurance sports".
So the interesting question is how many of those athletes used to be obese more than 2 years ago?
Another guy I know needs a hip replacement and his mobility has been decreased for the last two years or so as he waits. His weight has also gone up dramatically. Interestingly in his case, he's tried all kinds of different diets which have all had negative effects at best.
Still, there have been a few people that fit the profile exactly as you describe— heavy people who find it very difficult and eventually decide the juice isn't worth the squeeze. Running is very difficult when carrying extra weight. There are surely people who decide they can't do it even before they give it an honest try. But that's kind of what I was referring to above; the amount of times I've heard people say "I honestly cannot believe I had that in me" at the completion of a race is why I keep coming back.
Now I'm running between 4.4km and 6.5km almost every morning, which would sound crazy to me not too long ago. On weekends I sometimes try longer runs.
You would have had to run 10k every day for 100 days to burn 80.000 kcals, which according TFA only gets you 10kg of fat.
> If you work out, you'll be hungry, and you'll rationalize or sneak extra food, and one muffin un-does like 5 miles of running.
This is really not how any of that works. Only some kind of exercise will make you more hungry ... and they happen to be the ones where muscle builds. You are more hungry after lifting weight, but you also should eat more after lifting weights, else the muscle wont build.
>Subjects and methods: In a longitudinal clinical study, 121 healthy, overweight postmenopausal women (age 53.8 +/- 2.5 years, body mass index: 29.7 +/- 3.1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: controls, a 4,200 kJ/d diet, or a 4,200 kJ/d diet with combined aerobic and anaerobic exercise.
>Results: /.../ The mean loss of body weight (9.5 kg versus 10.3 kg, NS) was similar in the intervention groups, but compared with the diet-only group, the diet-plus-exercise group lost more fat (7.8 kg versus 9.6 kg, p < 0.001) and no lean tissue mass (1.2 kg versus -0.0 kg, p < 0.001). The resting metabolic rate (per kg wt) was increased in the diet-plus-exercise group compared with the control group (11% versus 4%, p < 0.009).
If the people that exercised stopped exercising they would lose the muscle they gained/maintained and lose additional weight.
PS: I like that this study is written in a way that's relatively easy to follow.
[0] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8356979/
The meta-analysis is clear, the longer you wait to follow up the worse the numbers get.
> The achievement after 2 years may appear small, averaging 1.64 kg or 1.24 kg m−2 loss of body weight after a combination of dietary changes and increased physical activity. [2]
The meta-analysis only included overweight or obese participants, so BMI 25+ or 30+. That's a total body weight change of less than 5%, after 2 years. Even cherry-picking on 6 year study showed a 5% drop in weight, for obese people who need to lose 20 or 30% to return to a normal weight.
The important take-aways here are that studies only look good until you follow up on the participants (12 weeks is not useful) - and that statistical significance isn't practical significance. 3lbs of total weight loss after 2 years is good, of course, but it's an umbrella in a hurricane.
I think studies about weight loss should include body fat measurements.
If I'm already doing this, I need to pay some attention to not overeat. But when I used to binge on crappy foods, it made an immediate and enormous difference to my waistline.
Depends on your definition of appreciable. I started measuring calories in vs out in 2021, lost ~25 kg since then (OK I lost almost 40 kg since then but I bounced back a little). I have a pretty good idea by now how much calories I burn by walking and biking (about 60 kcal per km walked, about 30 kcal per km biked).
It might seem low, but in that time I walked over 7km a day on average and biked over 5 km a day (mostly big trips on weekends + some walking on work days).
At my weight and intensity that's ~500 kcal deficit per day. Makes it much easier to stay in the negatives.
It's called adaptive thermogenesis. See Figure 1 and Table 1 in [1].
[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9036397/
I simplified it, I was bouncing up and down several times, I started at 130 kg, went to 100 kg pretty quickly, dipped to 90 kg twice (both times on backpacking trips BTW), and now I'm oscillating between 100 and 105 roughly.
My goal is 85-90 and I'll get there eventually.
Any time I've tried to dig up studies that support the commonly prescribed approach I've failed.
Good luck!!
Heavy weight lifting is great at making your muscles get the nutrients instead of them being stored as fat.
If I gain 5 lbs of muscle and lose 5 lbs of fat over a year, I will be much healthier and look absolutely ripped. I know because I've done it
- brown fat which dissipates calories.
- state of other mater transition trough the body (food, water etc.)
- procentage of fat vs muscle cells
You don't need those numbers to lose fat, only a belt and knowing your carbs and micronutrients.
Some people say you shouldn't weigh yourself every day because fluctuations are disheartening. I wholeheartedly disagree. You must weigh yourself every day. Then you'll be able to see the trend. If the line isn't going where you want it to, eat less (or more).
Having less water makes you look learner too. This is well known by bodybuilders, models, actors, fitness influencers etc. Every actor you see with their shirt off is dehydrated. Talk about unrealistic beauty standards...
Otherwise you will think your diet stopped working after a while
The reason checking the scale is useful is because they can clue you in on where a given caloric input is taking you, up or down. The details and timeline aren't really relevant, because if you want the gains to stay then that "diet" is your new, permanent, lifestyle.
If you were overweight but stable, a temporary restriction followed by a return to the original diet would suffice, right?
That's where this article is helpful, as it explains how (and how much) weight gain can be expected when you end the temporary restrictions.
The reason going on a fixed deficit (or bulk) will not just endlessly let you lose or gain weight is because when you lose weight, your body starts being able to operate on fewer and fewer calories. Your metabolism might improve, but nowhere near enough to counter this effect. And vice versa when for bulking.
If you have a high tolerance for food repetition, you can even experimentally see this really easily. Lay out a diet for cutting and you can see the scale will gradually trend towards some specific weight with the decreases getting smaller and smaller. And vice versa when bulking, where you'll see initial big gains followed by a leveling out as your body approaches its new equilibrium caloric intake. This is something anybody who's done any e.g. body building can attest to.
So going on a deficit and then going back to eating what you were just means that you're just going to head back to your old weight. So diets really need to be a permanent lifestyle thing, which is why finding one you can be comfortable with is so critical.
> The reason checking the scale is useful is because they can clue you in on where a given caloric input is taking you, up or down.
you could just grab your stomach fat to get a more accurate progress measurement
So I did a big ass spreadsheet, plotting rolling 7 day + rolling 24 days and their derivatives.
Key insights of my strategy:
- instant measurement does not matter, as in it's actually not worth looking at every day, only retrospectively when observed as a collection upon looking for root causes of deviations of the averages. most advices about weighting in at a certain time or a certain day of the week is about faking an average with discrete measurements (which kinda works but requires extremely effortful consistency to make sense, and any error throws the fake average off big time)
- 24 day average is really nice and meaningful: missing or mismeasuring (not weighting early morning+ after poop, scale glitch...) a few measurements would be inconsequential, a couple stray events would not affect it, a positive derivative would mean I must take immediate action (as in, get back on track with being consistent) to correct course and reverse the trend. when in the losing weight phase, a negative derivative closing in towards zero would mean I should pay a bit more attention to being consistent. as target weight† nears or is attained the meaning of that derivative shifts a bit (obviously one does not want to perpetually lose weight, so things offset and taper off)
- if weighting multiple times a day for averages it would consider only the minimum for that day, but it would also give me a spread for a given day, allowing me to understand fine grained details of my body behaviour in face of specific events (overeating, undereating, doing sports, drinking water, drinking alcohol when partying) and compare that to the next day(s). such events preceding each measurement were annotated on the corresponding row.
- from an initial data gathering and retrospective, 24 day appeared to be my body latency: when I did something effective or veered off course the effect would visibly settle in as long term weight loss or gain after that amount of time (this would be visible in raw data, not artificially come from the average construction, so I tuned that average to 24 days to produce the corresponding synthetic, immediately meaningful derivative value)
- 7 day allows for shorter term observation and reactions, but is more susceptible to noise. It appeared from observational data that it was the rough scale at which things would start to have long term effects happening at t+latency. e.g not doing sports, or overeating, or bad sleep from t to t+5~7 would produce a long term, lasting effet at t+20~25 days; lower than that and it would just evaporate.
overall it removed a whole lot of complexity, guesswork, and guilt, which translated in not skipping measurements, which produced more and better data, making the whole process a non-event, progressively building healthy habits, making it easier to course correct, and so on and so forth.
the end: I shed all the excess weight two years before the "deadline" without feeling that I put much effort into it (there was effort, especially when I needed to kick my ass a couple times, but it did not feel like I was constantly abusing my body; the "consistency" effort was spread out and thus much more manageable). concretely I ended up both feeling (internal assessment) and looking (external feedback) younger in my late 30s than in my late 20s.
I've since replaced that with a Garmin watch + scale and the Garmin app doe...
You just track your weight and your caloric intake and it tells you how much you're burning and how much more or less you need to hit a particular rate of weight change.
Getting "shredded" was mostly limited by finding out what works for me. What food I can easily buy and cook. What food I tolerated eating, because after 2 years I could not stand chicken breast any more. What fit into my schedule as I could not eat a big lunch because it made me sleepy at work. A big dinner meant I would sleep poorly. A big breakfast prevented me to train in the morning. I started by drinking almost a liter of milk a day but somewhere along those 2 years I became lactose intolerant. I ended up eating a lot of fat in the form of nuts, butter, cheese and that made my cholesterol go down somehow which puzzled my doctor. And so many other things I discovered about my body.
I am not even talking about bullshit science in the fitness industry (which is a lot). Articles and information like the present ones, which I can find nothing wrong with, do absolutely nothing in helping lose weight. This rant was provoked by the title "Numbers without which it's impossible to talk about weight loss". I call bullshit even as I recently started another weight loss journey as I'm close to 20% BF now. And very little of what I discovered before applies as I'm older, switched lifestyles, live in a different country with completely different food, etc. But one thing I am sure of: I will not waste another moment reading stuff like this.
Well this isn't really surprising to me, assuming that you didn't drink raw milk. Processed milk doesn't have the lactase enzyme, so your body has to produce it in order to break down lactose. Consuming that much milk puts your lactase production into overdrive, until it eventually fatigues and you become lactose intolerant.
It's rather ironic, that people who are lactose intolerant can actually consume raw milk, because it still contains the lactase enzyme, so your body doesn't have to produce (as much).
Basically I have to be hungry from 6 pm to 9 am (and not eat), for at least a week, preferably 2 weeks. If I feel hungry for a period, i lose weight or at worst stay at current weight. Usually i lose a few pounds. Then I can have periods where I can eat more and gain a few, then I just go back to not eating as much and it goes down again. The key thing is to just feel that hunger feeling relatively often and it's usually a good sign.
I get used to the hunger feeling after awhile, so it's not that big of an issue after that.
The sensation itself disappears quickly when I lie down.
But my point is it feels like that's sort of the issue I'm dealing with right now is not eating much at all reduced my appetite to almost nothing, but I basically had to stop eating any food I enjoy (like pizza, burgers, etc), so I had to choose between food not being a part of my life much (and get stable blood sugar), or eat unhealthy in periods and then feel worse. I haven't come up with a perfect solution but I felt like I couldn't give up the food so...
Edit: Also by the way, regarding sleeping hungry directly, my motivation was that I knew I was losing weight or "accomplishing the goal" when doing it, so mentally I felt good about feeling hungry. I couldn't wait till the next day came around and I had slept and knocked off those hours up until 9 am.
However after I started eating less healthy food it definitely can be. That's the issue I have atm, giving up food I enjoy vs feeling high calorie withdrawal (at least relatively, I eat a lot less now than before).
I also am not really familiar with most junk food. Growing up, we never had snacks in the house, or sugary drinks. I think there is likely a very real correlation to the habits you learn around unhealthy foods when you’re young and your ability to not be tempted by these later in life.
Give me hunger suppressing pills and I'll give you gold in return!
Guess what I wanted is a list of specific food/stuffs that I need to consume everyday in order to stay healthy and strong. Maybe some experts in the field can create an app/webpage which allow you "shop" consumables with your daily calories as budget.
Also, as far as I understand it, calories is just one part of the game, the end goal is being healthy, not just weight loss.
Maybe the issue is not "being fat" then, one of the things I noticed in my journey to understanding my body is that since I sit a lot (I can't seem to be able to code while standing) my core would atrophy and lose natural tension. Without that wall viscera fall down because gravity, pushing outwards like jello resting on a flat surface, and making normal fat feel uncomfortably present. Doing planks and working on fixing posture usually solves that for me. YMMV though.
Instantaneous measurements of weight are worthless for understanding weight loss. A lot of people freak out when they see the scale go up on a carb heavy day thinking "Oh my god I ruined everything!" Keeping daily measurements in a log and reviewing it once a week makes more sense. Just write it down and forget about it. Keep to the routine and then adjust as necessary during the weekly review.
Edit Note: I wonder if there would be a market for a "Encrypted Scale" that doesn't actually show a reading and just saves the weight to a server and gives you a report every once in a while.