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The reason the original Macintosh mouse had only one button: so users would not need to remember which one to click. That was a Jobs mandate.
To be brutally honest: Job is (was?) right.

To this day I see most people do not understand right-clicking, and why should they? Context menus are not in-your-face obvious, let alone right-click dragging and other esoteric maneuvers.

I see something similar with touchscreens too: Most people don't know much beyond pinch to zoom. Any gestures or input involving 3 fingers or more is literal pig latin.

Simplifying the mouse down to one button is an engineering decision that aligns with human psychology, even if it's one that rustles the jimmies of many nerds and beards.

I think that the Mac convention of control-clicking to open context menus, introduced somewhere around Mac OS 8, is easier to remember for the average person than right-clicking is. In my experience people generally grasp conditionals like chording better than visually identical buttons behaving arbitrarily differently.
> "visually identical buttons"

uh, except for their physical placement and accessibility with a given digit, sure.

> To this day I see most people do not understand right-clicking, and why should they? Context menus are not in-your-face obvious, let alone right-click dragging and other esoteric maneuvers.

This was the reason why Microsoft introduced Minesweeper to Windows 3.1:

> https://web.archive.org/web/20190925214943/https://mentalflo...

"Decades later, in 1992, the Microsoft version Minesweeper was introduced to Windows 3.1—not to demonstrate that Windows was an adept gaming operating system, but to make the idea of left and right clicking second nature for Windows users, and to foster speed and precision in mouse movement."

That is a great theory, but where is the proof? I've read the article.
Read the whole article. Similar "coincidences" also exist for the other Windows games.

On the other hand: if you do consider these coincidences to be spurious, I won't urge you to change your opinion. Instead I give a famous quote from the movie Matrix:

"This is your last chance. After this there is no turning back. You take the blue pill, the story ends, you wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want to believe. You take the red pill, you stay in Wonderland, and I show you how deep the rabbit hole goes… Remember, all I’m offering is the truth, nothing more…"

(quoted from https://www.matrixfans.net/movies/the-matrix/transcript/)

In 1980, Rogue for Unix was a dungeon crawl game that coincidentally used the same keys as vi for navigation. Even today, Nethack and vim are widely revered. Nethack takes vi training further: there are several two-key commands, and some prefix keys which open a "command-line" interface.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogue_(video_game)

https://nethackwiki.com/wiki/Commands

https://vim-adventures.com/

Even today, I posit that twitch video games train future developers and users on UX/UI features. In a mobile or web GUI, there are moving targets; there is progressive rendering; there are ephemeral dialogs. If you've played DOOM and Fortnite, then you're better equipped for all that.

This WaPo article might better source:

> Microsoft originally put Solitaire into Windows to soothe people intimidated by the operating system, according to Duzan. It gave them something familiar and fun to do with their computer while it also taught them how to use a mouse. Not surprisingly, for years Solitaire was the most-used application for Windows, Microsoft officials say.

> Minesweeper got in because, at the time Windows 3.1 was released in 1992, it was the favorite game of everybody involved in creating that software, including overlord Gates.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/03/09/...

Jobs is still right!

I switched to OS X in 2006 or so and have never enabled right-clicking on any of my mice (with the exception of the occasional game that requires a right-click action).

For casual pointing, clicking, dragging, the one-button mouse does exactly what I want and nothing more. For more advanced mouse gymnastics, my left hand is usually hovering over Control/Command/Alt/Shift. I feel like I've got the best of both worlds.

When I got my second Mac I ordered a fancy Apple mouse because it sounded cool. The first thing I installed was a game, to try out the graphics, which used right-click to aim and then while holding that left click to fire.

Except the top of this mouse was one piece of metal that rocked left and right for left or right click. It was impossible to do both at the same time.

-> Bin

I’ve been on Macs for 16 years now and every single Apple mouse I’ve ever used was utter crap.

Jobs was wrong. Not just a bit wrong, totally wrong.

Computers are tools. Do you see grinder manufacturers say "we only need one type of disk, because people should not have to remember whether they need a diamond blade for masonry or a metal cutting one?" You do not.

There is a frame in which Jobs is correct - the frame in which computers are not tools, but devices intended for the passive consumption of content produced by others. A frame in which tool using never requires skill acquisition (a total inversion of tool use among (at least) humans for (at least) 10's of thousands of years.

No, he was wrong, and if he was right, I refuse to live in that version of the world.

Reducing required operator skill level and training needed is absolutely major driver in commercial/industrial equipment development, and has been throughout the industrial era. If production line is able to specify just one standardized cutting disk, even if suboptimal otherwise, instead of requiring worker to choose between multiple ones, then it definitely can happen. Its very romanticized view to think that the world runs on highly skilled craftspeople using finely honed chest of tools.
> Reducing required operator skill level and training needed is absolutely major driver in commercial/industrial equipment development

No, it is an imperative driven by capitalism. Employees don't want this. Tool users don't want this (because as you note, if the blade can cut everything it likely doesn't cut anything very well).

The motivation for the kind of tool development you're referring to is not the development of improved tools, but reduced labor costs (and sometimes, possibly, tighter tolerances). That's not a model for tools explicitly marketed (by Jobs!) as tools for everyone.

> if the blade can cut everything it likely doesn't cut anything very well

Haha. Sounds like Java/C#/Go. All corporate (Oracle/Microsoft/Google) languages. Coincidence? ;p

Au contraire, that diamond blade cuts masonry and masonry only. It doesn't cut masonry and metal, so you don't need to remember "Does this blade also cut this too?". The grinder grinds and grinds only, it doesn't also make you breakfast.

Likewise, Apple mice only ever click. It doesn't left and right click.

Speaking more broadly, Apple computers only ever do One Apple Way(tm). They don't do One Apple Way(tm) and also IBM-compatible/Windows/Linux.

Tools are supposed to be simple in design, because their value is in them delivering results quickly and easily for everyone. And most people using computers want results because computers are tools, they couldn't care less about the process other than keeping it as simple as possible.

I would be the last person on the planet to defend Jobs or Apple's philosophy, but I will give credit where credit is due because they by far understand human psychology the best out of everyone in the tech industry.

> Likewise, Apple mice only ever click.

Precisely. It's like DeWalt or Milwaukee only making a diamond blade, because "you never need to cut metal, and you shouldn't have to think about that anyway".

> Tools are supposed to be simple in design, because their value is in them delivering results quickly and easily for everyone.

This is not the history of human tools.

People have three fingers on the mouse and there is nothing obvious or simple in the fact that they must use only one of the three fingers.

According to your theory, most people should cut their extra fingers, because it is too difficult for them to remember that they can do and they should do different actions with each finger.

The user must input eventually the same information with a 1-button Apple mouse or a 2-button Microsoft mouse or a 3-button Mouse Systems mouse.

An Apple user must compensate the lack of mouse buttons by either making multiple mouse clicks or pressing simultaneously with the mouse various keyboard keys.

All these additional actions are slower, more complicated and harder to remember than the task of a user who must just choose with which finger to click.

So no, the idea that a one-button mouse is simpler for the user is just wrong. In fact it is both slower and more complicated.

> To this day I see most people do not understand right-clicking, and why should they?

I think you see a lot less power-users these days in the heyday of the mouse oriented GUI. Even in my own usage of computers I find right-clicking less significant now than 25 years ago.

When I was still using an Apple computer, many years ago, the one-button mouse was what I hated the most.

I even despised the two-button Microsoft mouse.

Both were much worse than a three-button mouse, when the buttons were used cleverly by the user interface. The replacement of the third button with the scroll wheel has started for me the process of finding alternatives for a mouse and eventually abandoning its use.

Most people have never seen a user interface that uses properly all the three buttons of a mouse, so they have no idea how much better that can be than having an uncomfortable scroll wheel in the place of such a button.

Such a good user interface was used for instance around 2000, when you could still find Logitech three-button mice, in the Mentor programs for drawing circuit schematics and PCB layouts.

The third button was used for making mouse gestures, i.e. tracing some pattern on the pad. Each mouse gesture was pretty much equivalent with pressing a keyboard shortcut, but being able to use them with the mouse enabled the user to make most drawings without ever moving the hand from the mouse to the keyboard, which sped up the work a lot.

Scrolling was done in a much better way than with a scroll wheel, by just moving the mouse cursor close to the window side corresponding with the desired scroll direction.

> Most people have never seen a user interface that uses properly all the three buttons of a mouse

Bring back IRIX. Those guys had everything figured out and it worked great.

Right click is fine, but I prefer much completely loathe gesture UI.

If I had to guess, I've probably lost all progress on something around 30 times just from pull to refresh. I'm not even sure how some of these features are legal without any kind of toggle... I can't imagine they're great for anyone with movement disorders.

What is this article even trying to say? Clickbait title but the whole thing is about using a mouse? Yeah, interfaces are evolving. Most of the populace use a computer not for using's sake, but to accomplish a goal. Touchscreens are great for information consumption and free-form entry. Keyboards are good for text production. What is a mouse good for other than manipulating 2d objects?
3D PC gaming?

Kb/mouse > game pad > touch screen

I still think the trackball should have taken off for FPS games.

Huge flicks and fine precision on the same device without a dpi switch...

Trackball is my 100% goto for a tiny desk/table or even in bed, basically any time i want to control the pointer without swinging my whole arm around.

But mouse is far more precise specifically because you are throwing your whole arm around in addition to your wrist and fingertips. there is a far wider range of speeds you can be very precise at. Trackball is not great for FPS, though it's better than trackpads.

>What is a mouse good for other than manipulating 2d objects?

Precise control.

I absolutely refuse to play an FPS or operate a productivity program (eg: Illustrator, Powerpoint) without a proper mouse. Trying to do that on a touchpad or a touchscreen is a hell I wouldn't wish upon my worst enemies.

I agree about mouse vs. touchpad and touchscreen.

Nevertheless, there are alternatives to a mouse. A trackball can have very similar precise control while being more comfortable (for a productivity program; less suitable for a FPS, because the fingers are slower than the hand).

A stylus on a graphic tablet used in mouse mode (i.e. relative mode) offers even faster and more precise control than any mouse.

I'm strongly biased against the "neckbeard" stance of keyboard superiority. GUIs evolved for a reason. Keyboard-only controls require a lot of memorisation, are less intuitively learned (besides a slim portion of OS specific traditions), muscle memory becomes tied to the hardware more strongly (layout and feel). Mouse allows to quickly point in a complex UI where elements visually describe themselves. Thumbsticks and touchpads are clunky, fingers just don't have the same precision. The downside being the constant arm movement away from keyboard.
Why are we comparing keyboard-only software though? Keyboard shortcuts are super effective in software that allows both.

Think of complex editors like Office apps or Photoshop. You can do the same things with both input methods but learning keyboard shortcuts makes each operation about five times quicker.

GUIs aren't immune to muscle-memory rigidity.

Odd title for a piece that is mostly an elegy for the mouse.
You can see by the URL slug, someone (editor possibly?) renamed the article from "Computer Mouse Evolution". The description ("The mouse is sorely missed.") and social share messages ("The computer mouse has receded into the shadows(..)") reflect the original.
Many have never used a floppy, updated a config.sys, or attached a serial, parallel, or ps/2 port. And it's perfectly fine.
Yes, but there are things that aren't so obsolete about using a computer that many young people don't know anymore and which are really still needed. I'm not the only person who has noticed that teaching the current generation of undergraduates that many of them don't understand the idea of a hierarchical file system, whether using the graphical folder analogy or as directories. They have trouble understanding that programs on computers save things in locations that you need to navigate to when trying to find it again. It isn't that these young people are stupid, it's that many of them are just used to phones where this idea either doesn't exist or is hidden from user access.
i remember teaching people about hierarchical file systems in the early 1990s - so no not much has changed.
True, but there was a good 20 year period or so when even non-technical people were familiar with it from using their own computers.
Well, not knowing about this in the 90s was reasonable. Not knowing about it today is a failure somewhere in our education system/society/whatever.
I argue it's a failure to continue teaching something that humans do not and will not understand, and arguably also do not want in the first place.

Computers for most people are just another household appliance or tool of their trade. They use computers to achieve certain tasks and they don't have time nor interest to figure out the details of how. They want the results, not the process.

Abstraction of the file system is a step in the right direction, even if it rustles the jimmies of nerds and beards everywhere.

Stacks have grown easier, but larger. The size of the labor pool is larger, and there are more abstractions.

There was a time when programmers were all physicists, but I think it'd be silly to measure the talent of developers from the 90s by that standard. Ditto for measuring full stack developers by standard from a time when you needed nothing more than C and shell access to a cgi-bin folder.

Tell them you need a main enterance to access a building: Wide doors, fire safety regs.

Next you need wide hallways, leading to atriums, with smaller doors, leading to apartments, individual rooms, cupboards, shelving, etc.

A building is hierarchical, and similar to a file system. You can explain flow of people, flow of stuff, storage, whatever.

And honestly the file cabinet metaphor probably doesn't go over very well either because that doesn't mostly apply today either.
Good point. For instance, object storage at first glance looks like the file cabinet, but that abstraction isn't entirely correct.
The historical situation was that the file system/file cabinet/library classification was that you had some sort of hierarchy in which the physical object was in one and only one location. And you had to locate it within its unique position in that hierarchy.

Object store on AWS, say, sort of looks like that in that AWS essentially presents it as a filesystem structure by default but that's mostly hiding the actual structure.

Perhaps, but in many cases, that's become more and more of a detail that abstracted away. I feel like the breadth of knowledge, for better or worse, to implement an application today is so much greater that depth isn't as easily obtained. There's no shortage of 30-year pros flabbergasted by the amount of Javascript tooling being used, while the bootcamp grad can easily keep all that in their head but perhaps struggles with knowledge of DNS.
> programs on computers save things in locations that you need to navigate to when trying to find it again

It bears keeping in mind that the traditional folders and documents desktop model is in no way fundamental or universal; its just one mode of computing that was popular in the turn of the century and steeply waning these days.

And its not just phones where the change is happening. Cloud services and other saas have had at least as much if not more influence here. And of course in enterprises people have been using all sorts of weird internal software, erps and crms etc, that might also not been very document oriented. And its not just modern time thing too, for more historical viewpoint you could look at mainframes (IBM big iron etc) which had all sorts of data store models, both from system and end-user viewpoints.

Kind of related: https://news.slashdot.org/story/21/09/27/2032200/students-do...

Ultimately though, we need to remember that mice, keyboards, touchscreens, et al. are all merely compromises that were developed to let humans who speak human communicate with computers who speak computer. If we figure out an overall better way than the means before, it's natural they will be superceded.

I do agree with the author that the mouse lends itself very well to precision control, though. Touchscreen is easy and readily available, but it leaves much to be desired for precise control.

you ain't joking about touch screen accuracy - i have one hell of a time touching on the HN page's links!
I have an iPhone 13 Mini, and it reminds me constantly that the logout link on HN is global, and I have many computers. Maybe too many.
I'm reminded of this every time I try to edit a url on iPhone Safari...Yes, I know about the space bar trick.
On my desktop computer I have both a big Mac touchpad and a good (non-Apple) mouse. I switch back and forth between them depending on what I'm doing. If I'm on a laptop, I mostly stick with the touchpad.
amazingly, perhaps, on my laptop, i have a touchpad AND a perfectly viable 3 button button zone.

I do love the "real" mouse i use on my desktop system (logitech mx master 3), but there's no reason why a laptop can't "natively" support both mouse button and touchpad interaction styles.

Article about the death of the mouse has an odd section slagging on gaming mice. Sure.
Agree with everyone on the weird mouse focus. I read this expecting/hoping for a discussion of how the appification of everything is impacting users (like why are the youngins not running circles around millennials when it comes to computers?) or maybe a discussion about how complexity in modern systems has gotten so great that it’s becoming roughly impossible to tame in a reliable long term manner or something.

What a waste of a great title.

> die-cut air vents

They're called speed holes, because they make the mouse go faster.

Lucky I was wearing this extra-large piece of the cross today. I think I'll go inside
I’ve never, in my life, heard someone say “let’s double-click on that idea”
I have. The first time I heard it, I thought it was a good metaphor, so I started using it myself. Later I learned it was already a cliche, so I stopped.
I could have written this article in 1998 but complaining that "we've" forgotten how to use the card punch.

Instead humanity uses supercomputers now.

Indeed, I keep a virtual VAX 11/780 in my pocket for old times sake. It's running OpenVMS (TM) VAX Version V7.2, and you can telnet into it. 8)
We've (as a society, probably not many people in this thread) somewhat shifted away from using a particular interface pattern, which is different than forgetting how to use computers. That's not too big of a deal; usage changes.

The thing that makes me feel less confident about the future is that it seems like fewer even people want to know how computers work, even though they mediate their lives through them. There was a generation or two of people who had the opportunity to understand computers, because they were cheap enough to get access to them, and they were open enough (in every sense) to actually be tinkered with.

I don't necessarily believe we're living through a civilization-wide decline of the post-Western Roman Empire variety, because I'm not even sure what that means in a globally connected world. But there are localized areas and domains where it seems like it is, just like there are certain domains where it may seem like the opposite is happening.

Mh... I agree with the title, not much with the content...

Back then as a student I was using laptops as desktop replacer, as many others, but when I seriously star using computers I realize that I need a desktop, with a decent keyboard and a thumb trackball. All wired. I realize how stupid big laptops are, since they should exists just for portability needs and on-the-go limited usages. NOT used docked, NOT used directly as a desktop replacer. The mouse here is somewhat substituted by touch screens for those who work on small laptops typically NOT on the go, but mouse means in many case just "consumption" not production.

Plan 9 have tried to be mouse centric, but ultimately fail because while some geek find the wow effect in drawing rectangles on a screen and filling them with live text it's just wasted time compared to free tiling modes like Emacs offer. Mouse is useful, yes, but definitively not the thing users forgot about computers.

Users forgot the CLASSIC desktop model, where they own the data and the system to manipulate data, bendable at their own will with few line of user-programming live code. Users have even forgot what's a file https://www.theverge.com/22684730/students-file-folder-direc... and as they are mostly unable to handle their own paper files they are equally unable to handle their digital files. They have lost the paper knowledge, but never acquired the computer knowledge. The mouse here count next to nothing.

Most people nowadays works like dumb terminals operators of the past with the important difference that the mainframe is not their own, but a distant systems owned by third parties "the cloud". Most people nowadays can't produce anything, only consume, choose stuff pushed in front of them by some ML system...

Ian Bogost, You've forgotten how to use computers, assuming you ever knew how.
>Many people had a hard time moving and clicking at the same time, and “double-clicking” was a skill one had to learn

There is never any reason to bother worrying about double clicking. It is just a shortcut to select the default interaction option, which is equally available by selecting the interaction option (usually the right mouse button) and choosing it from there.

In fact the great part of the mouse is how much discovery it enables: you can move the mouse over any element of the screen and see how you can interact with it based on which icon is shown. If you don't know what you can do with a given item, you can right click it and get a menu list.

Apple famousely only had one mouse button, and options where shown when you clicked the option button. If Windows had something similar, do you think people would have realised it could also be used when dragging? I still remember when the group I was in realized you could right-drag things and get a useful menu when you did. I can't remember whether we were CS students at the time or had graduated.