Ask HN: Any advice on navigating this job market or pivoting out of tech? (US)

86 points by askhn234 ↗ HN
I'm about to finish my CS degree this May and I'm already sick of the tech industry. I'm at a loss. I know the job market could get better soon, but there's no guarantee that it will, and things are looking bad for us with less experience. There are multiple things that are demotivating me and making me feel hopeless, it's not just the constant news about layoffs.

- Based on what I've read here, in news articles, in company portals, on TeamBlind and on Reddit, outsourcing seems popular again. Seniors who comment online are quick to scoff at this, claiming that companies doing this are shooting themselves in the foot, and that they'll regret it just like last time. But here's the thing - even if the seniors are right, I need a job when I graduate. I'll need to pay my student loans. I need to pay the rent. I can't just wait a few years for things to hopefully get better.

- AI appears to be a real threat specifically for juniors. This idea used to be met with ridicule, but it seems obvious now. GPT-4 and Gemini Pro are already impressive, but just imagine the improvements in a year or two. Sure, this doesn't necessarily mean it'll kill programming, it's possible that this is just the next step after high level programming languages, but it still represents a threat to entry level developers like me.

- Perhaps this is less important now (I'd take any job at this point), but I've gradually lost interest in the only domain I have any real-world experience in, full-stack web development. I have been strongly considering switching to game development, despite the industry's reputation, but now I don't know if I can handle an even more cutthroat, competitive job market.

- Freelance work is an option I guess, but for someone like me it seems impossible. I only have a year of dev experience (including internship). I don't have a network. My sales skills are terrible.

- I am absolutely sick of the job search grind. I went through it in 2021-22 when things were "better", I don't want to deal with it again now that even experienced devs are struggling.

What are my alternatives? What other career can I pivot to once I get my CS degree? So far, I've thought about translating (I'm bilingual)

P.S. Please don't tell me to stop worrying and "doomscrolling". I already tried that a while ago and it didn't help, the uncertainty is still there, my interest in webdev is still dead and the job market is still bad.

115 comments

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You really should stop doomscrolling though. Reddit and Blind are terrible sources of information. Compilers didn't decrease the number of programming positions available.

In any case, pick your struggle. Decide whether you want to be well-off and bored, or something else.

You're likely in a lot of student debt after uni, and even though job market is harder, there are still jobs available. If you switch fields, you would likely be competing against much better prepared candidates with more experience.

My advice would be to get a job in SWE and decide once you're in a better position than jobless with no experience.

Agree with this. There are also still lots of companies hiring CS grads. They just aren't paying FAANG level comps. Kind of strange to hear people say they're going to pivot into being a garbage man if they can't get the $200k+ TC straight out of school.
Being a developer for $80K+bonus is a lot better than $16.50 per hour for being a translator... although I've interviewed a few recent grads that had so much debt the first $60K/year they made would be vaporized by paying the loan.
Why not try working for local government. Around here those jobs are secure and have pensions.

I've also been broke and financially insecure and it will better once you can pay your bills even if it's not your fave. Go for whatever your experience is for the first job.

When I was growing up in my career, private sector jobs were considered much better than government jobs. I feel the private sector has been squeezed so hard the last 20+ years that public sector jobs are on par with private sector jobs and sometimes better. Most government jobs also have a pension, so once you work there 20 years or so, you can go find other work while collecting your pension.

If you have or can get a security clearance, you've just removed a bunch of competition.

Stop worrying and doomscrolling

Uncertainty is natural. The Web Dev boom is a random artificial boom. Most other STEM jobs pay in the 60-90K range depending how good your grades are.

So yeah, you probably wont get a FANNG job, but you can easily get a job that will keep you alive.

I think the biggest asset for anyone (not you in particular) switching careers will be humility. Go into a new career will an earnest will to learn, go through the initiation, listen to seniors, take feedback and criticism (presented both well and poorly) without your ego going in the way, for at least 3-5 years.

Hate to say it, most of the software devs I know are pretty dammed high on their horses and it’s a bit obnoxious.

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Your answer is predicated on the ability to get into said career.

Do many jobs list "humility" as a qualification they are looking for?

[Edit]

As a primary qualification, and not a company value or whatever.

The good workplaces do. Low ego, high skill is a common refrain.
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In my experience, the workplaces that talk about "humility" are actually the worse environments. It basically translates to "know your place, peasant". Be highly skilled, but never question what you're asked to do, always show reverence for those above you in the hierarchy, etc.

I don't want "humble" coworkers, I want confident coworkers, who also happen to be reasonable and cooperative. I especially want them to be able to confidently state their opinions, without fear that they'll be targeted for "not being humble", even if they're willing to change those opinions based on a discussion with the team.

that is what the interview is for
Couple things:

1) if your interest in web dev is dead, then what do you have interest in?

2) what are your standards for a job?

3) if someone told you that “ok this college degree was a waste” how would you respond?

There’s no magic bullet, but knowing the answer to these can help you feel empowered to navigate the job search process

Answer for 3.

It is a waste. I graduated 5 years ago. Joined Master hoping something good would happen. Learnt a few things here and there. Now I am in objectively bad position where I ruined my family relationship, ruined health and ruined most of the things.

Life just sucks and everything is gray.

You mentioned being bilingual. What language do you speak besides English?

As you mentioned, outsourcing is popular again. If you speak a language that's popular in outsourced countries then you bring an interesting skillset with you in that you can help bridge communication gaps between North America and overseas. Maybe you can find something in that space where you combo programming and product owner with multi-lingual capabilities.

Assuming you did the course work and passed your classes, I'm guessing you're feeling some serious imposter syndrome. Many people get jobs after going to a 3-6 month coding bootcamp, and you just spent 3-4 years learning and letting all that knowledge slowly sink in.

GPT4 isn't doing the architecting, planning, understanding priorities, what should be built first and how, according to company needs and your own or your teams abilities.

If you understand what you're doing and are willing to work hard, you've got a valuable skillset- likely more than you realize.

If you think the current market is bad pivoting into the game industry is not the direction I would go.

The baseline for that industry is... bad and the latest round(s) of layoffs in that industry has made it worse.

Also the pattern as I understand it is game companies work devs to death then let them go once the release is out. The advantage game companies have is people tend to like games therefore there are a lot more people who are interested or default to game development.
Yeah from what I can see, the games industry is going through what the broader tech industry is, just dialled up to eleven. People are being laid off left, right and centre (especially from larger companies), companies are shutting down after years in business and both pay and working conditions are signficiantly worse than they are in every other form of software engineering.
Get an office admin temp job where they use a lot of Excel? They’ll think you are a genius.
Trade skills are a possibility. Plumber, electrician, etc.

Also remember that the people here self-selected, so try not to take anything personally.

[Edit]

"In my experience," "You must be doomscrolling" thinking they know you better than you do, straight up insults; all the classics.

Random personal opinion: get a masters degree, researching computer vision or NLP, or something that hedges you against AI. Or if you are inclined, do a PhD.

Also you sounds like you are a bit burned out. Translating sounds even much more AI-replacable than CS -- don't do that if you fear CS.

(Also Blind is toxic albeit informational! Call up some people. Ask me; or ask HN or some less negative places for how the industry is looking.)

This is a huge bet and it's going to further increase their student debt. If it doesn't pay off, they'll be much worse off than just moving back home with their parents and trying to say, start a business or freelance.
Better option: learn it on your own. Pick up a side project, take a course, make mistakes and within a year you’ll have enough skills to be dangerous
> it's going to further increase their student debt

Never accept a PhD position that you need to pay for (beyond opportunity costs). A PhD position should pay you.

The soundness of the advice depends on the person's specific situation. I've known a person who benefitted from a Master's as the degree gave the person access to certain internships, which helped the person break into a specific field that would've been difficult to enter otherwise.

Another person who earned a Master's found it easier to get a work visa working in a foreign country with a better market for that person's field.

However, each of these people had a specific goal in mind with getting their Master's. The person who asked advice could also find it helpful to only consider a Master's if they also have a specific outcome in mind, served directly by pursuing the degree.

Agreed. Getting a Master's should be part of a well defined plan, not a "I don't what else to do and the economy is bad so I should stay in school for a few more years to pass the time" deal.
If you pay for a masters or pHD you have done something incredibly wrong.
Is this really always true? Even with short one year masters programs? I’ve been told this bit of advice quite a few times. My university offers a one year CS masters and I’ve considered it but there’s zero opportunity for an assistantship for the one year programs (as far as I know) so I’d be paying or hoping to find a company to sponsor it/get grant money to cover it.
>Also you sounds like you are a bit burned out. Translating sounds even much more AI-replacable than CS -- don't do that if you fear CS.

Sorry, I accidentally removed the last part of that sentence. It was supposed to say this:

    So far, I've thought about translating (I'm bilingual) and technical writing. AI is already quite good at both of those, and Duolingo just replaced most of its translation staff with AI.

Thanks for the reply.
Just to reinforce what you and others said: Translation work has indeed been impacted significantly by AI and will be even more so as LLMs, tooling, and workflows improve further.

That said, translation is also like programming in that it seems to be the junior translators who are most impacted. Newbie translators’ job is often just to take any text they are given and render it into another language, with little or no control about the choice of text or its content and with little or no interaction with the client. AI can do that pretty well now, and much more quickly and cheaply than any human.

The human translators who are surviving are those who spend less time translating words on a screen than they do learning their clients’ needs, helping their clients navigate the subtleties of interlingual and intercultural communication, and advising their clients on how to adapt their content to meet the needs of their target readership. I don’t know if there are many entry-level jobs available now with such responsibilities, but that’s what I would be looking for, not for what has traditionally been called “translation.”

My thoughts on this topic from a year ago can be found on my website, linked from my profile.

Btw, totally unsolicited advice, but please take care of yourself. You sound like you have quite some decisions to dwell on, and correct decisions are much harder in moments of hopelessness.

If you feel hopeless, we (at least me, and HN in general) are here to help besides other resources.

I'm in similar boat. But I love CS and it seems easy for me.

But I butchered myself (meaning no substantial skills on paper) so I am unhireable. People don't even look at my resume. Deactivated LinkedIn because it was causing harm than good.

That's it!

Anyone entering graduate work in AI now is likely going to be entering a market with a glut of similar graduates in 2-4 years.
Good point, and my original opinion should at least have what you said as fine print. Personally, I am finishing up a PhD in CS. When I started my PhD, deep learning had already been all the craze but I chose another subfield -- that did not pan out so well. Hence, I still think AI (maybe AI + X) is a good choice in general.
You need to look to work through a recruiting agency.

You work for that recruiting agency, they find you interviews, you pass and get a job, you work, client pays them money, they take their cut, the rest goes to you.

Write me an email to this address

temp.dl9bv@simplelogin.com

and I will send you the name of the company that got me into the field.

I recently got a call from a recruiter from that company saying there were a lot of layoffs and they are looking for past employees to fill in positions. So there is work, you just have to know where to look.

Companies don’t hire directly. Companies hire through recruiting agencies, and often there can be more than 1 recruiting agency in between. For 2 jobs that I worked there were 2 recruiting agencies between me and the final client.

Well, translating is the first thing on the AI chopping block. Even if it still viable, doubt it pays as well as entry level software jobs.

Election years are always terrible for the job market.

Why not pivot into AI development. The market is hot for this. Get any entry level job in it.

You are not supposed to make bank, this early in your career. It is all about working for companies that will give you the most skills. The foundation to build on.

You are sick of the tech industry already?

Well, no offense, but you aren’t in the industry yet. And if you really are sick of it, maybe you should invest in your long term happiness and do literally anything else for a career. Money isn’t worth being miserable.

I finished a programming type school (way before online bootcamps) right at the height of dotcom bubble. Few months later there were no jobs and tech was dead everyone said.

Couple years after bubble and 9/11 landed first job.

Then MS started touting outsourcing to india as the next big thing. Tech was dead everyone said.

Then 2008 great recession. Tech was dead everyone said.

Now AI. Tech is dead everyone says.

From my first job in early 2000's to today I was unemployed for exactly 2 weeks.

Just sayin.

By not being a professional and in the industry yet, your not really in a position to make a judgement about how things are. So your source of information about your fears of outsourcing and AI/LLMs is based on second hand information. If its Blind and reddit, its from other uninformed people, or immigrants who have it particularity hard in the US.

Any job search in any career is going to be a grind. In some twisted way you could even think that tech is better, at least you don't need to dress to impress and tech interviews can be a little more objective.

Re webdev: Your coming out of school, your junior and a blank slate. You don't really have a specialty, you can work towards whatever comes your way.

Honestly, get off the internet,(whats your screen time?), get some hobbies, drop the idea that you really know how the industry is.

The job search sucks, you'll feel a lot better when you get your first check.

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You need to do some soul searching (or, I like punk rock, "you've got soul doubt", to quote Fat Mike)...

Are you just nervous because of the news you are reading

OR

    "my interest in webdev is still dead"
Have you gone through your college career and you realized you do not like CS?

You need to answer this question first. Then you have the answer... if you love CS, the the job will come. Forget what you are reading and pretend this job hunt is another algorithms or operating systems class that you need to bust your ass at and pass.

If on the the other hand the flame is dead, you are getting separated and moving on to another field, well then, there is your other answer. Pretend that is another kind of problem that you have to solve and go solve it. You just went through years of problem solving school, go do it.

-- Full disclosure: not trying to be mean, just trying to boil it down to simplest "if A then B" parts.

> "my interest in webdev is still dead" > Have you gone through your college career and you realized you do not like CS?

The Venn diagram of “web development” and “computer science” is two separate circles.

Wow, ivory tower treating you well I guess?

[Edit]

I apologize for my swipe.

No? Web Dev and Com Sci are incredibly different topics.
He said they are a venn diagram with no overlap.

I feel like that fact they both use computer programming negates that argument.

The overlap is minimal. 99.99% of web dev requires no computing, no science, no math.
Yes. Web developers never tackle with caching, database query optimisation, protocol development, or data modelling.

Just HTML and CSS and nothing else.

Computer programming doesn’t mean computer science.
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Good thing I said comp sci includes programming, and not the other way around.

Feel free to enlighten us as to what comp sci and Web dev are, and why they share nothing in common. Please.

Science is where you measure, analyze, and develop theories. Computer science in particular is about the design of algorithms and systems for their implementation, such as compilers and interpreters.

Programming is a means of operating computer systems. Sometimes you have to operate computers to do computer science, but not always (for example algorithm design is very mathematical.)

there is meaningful overlap, certainly

and also, not all programming is science, certainly

You can say the same about a lot of SWD roles, even the ones considered "harder".
I think I do like CS, but dislike the domain I'm in. I think webdev is pretty boring, both frontend and backend. So this recent shift in the job market makes me think "So I have to go through the applying/interview grind again, this time with much fiercer competition, all for a job I won't even like?"

I have always found game development more appealing (tools programming, game design and gameplay programming in particular), but chose to not go for that path, fearing that I wouldn't be able to handle such a notoriously cutthroat industry. I know that it sounds like I threw in the towel there without even trying, but for a long time I had a terrible, painful chronic condition, and it was only recently that I became closer to normal after years of trial and error with different treatments. This condition made me always strive for the "easier" path (webdev), which was a big mistake in retrospect.

To be completely honest, CS is definitely not my biggest passion, but it's the next best thing. From early on in my childhood dream was music and storytelling, always. My dad was strongly opposed to me pursuing it as anything other than a hobby. I think he was right, and I'm still glad he stopped me from enrolling in music school (twice...).

Sorry, I'm just kind of rambling about personal stuff here, but your comment made me think a lot. Thanks for the reply.

Have you considered doing webdev for a business in the entertainment industry? Anything from small organizations You' to large like Disney. You wouldn't get paid the big FAANG bucks but you'd be able to make a living off your education while remaining connected to your other passion.
You remind me a bit of myself. I work in web development now, but took some games classes in college and thought I might go that route for a time. My true passion has always been poetry. Here's my advice. Don't look for fulfillment from your job. It pays the bills, and if you don't hate it, consider that a blessing. Find something that occupies you only from 9 to 5 (plenty of web dev jobs like that), and use your free time to pursue the the music and storytelling that you really love. You would stop loving them if you had to do them for money. Might actually be better to do something that you don't love for money. I know this is the opposite of what they say at school, but it's what I find in my own career. You can't hate it, but it may be better not to love it too much. Best of luck.
You can mostly likely land short term agency contracts right out of school. They don’t have the same benefits or prestige as FTE but it is a real job and many immigrants take them very seriously. If you can handle doing this for a few years you will certainly land an internal FTE eventually. Don’t give up, you have a good thing going.
Get a job where you can use your programming skills to automate most of job, think finance or accounting. Then, you'll have free time to study up on something else and move up the career ladder.
One option would be to land a steady, secure and simple job like a refuse worker.

I know it might sound ridiculous for someone graduating with a CS degree but it could work to your benefit -- especially if you're feeling burnt out and unsure about your field/focus. A friend of mine drives a garbage truck in a small town and works 3-4 hours per day: as long as it takes to do the route and empty the truck. He's got great health insurance, a 401K and a union. While I make more running a software consultancy, I have none of these benefits and am way more exposed to market fluctuation (like right now). You could spend your afternoons doing research, working on FLOSS, doing freelance dev gigs, etc.

Consider the military if you are a US citizen. Officer school if you have a degree.
Pick any industry and this environment we’re experiencing in “CS” is going to occur 3 or 4 times in your working years. No matter if you’re an electrician or a software developer.

Do you like building software? Based on your post I get a feeling (which may be wrong) you’re looking for the $$.

If you like it, stay with it and keep studying. It will pay off.

(Edit: my experience) I left college and started out writing COBOL. Several dot com busts later and I was lucky enough to lead several SaaS teams and have wonderful exits.

Any tips on building a time machine and reliving ZIRP? /s

I'm not as pessimistic as OP, but I do have to wonder if I squandered my few years of ZIRP and if there will ever be another such period.