Bingo. Or the news in general. If you're not depressed to some degree you're probably oblivious to what's going on in the world at large, or (possibly worse) don't care.
My solution to this is to read them as sparingly as possible. What's the use of getting depressed over something you can't change? A smarter solution is to use as much of your time as possible to help yourself and others while only concerning yourself with issues you have influence over.
Not quite! This is making a statement about conditional probability, but you got the condition reversed: people who are depressed are more likely to be "engaged fully in the 'web' experience".
To find out the chances that a heavy web user is depressed, you have to also consider the other things that can cause someone to use the web heavily. There's a really slick theorem for calculating this:
Wow... I have recently taken courses that taught Baye's Theorem, and even more recently read a long, well-written piece about how even qualified people often misinterpret statistics (the way your parent did which is not congruent with Baye's theorem), and yet I still interpreted the stat in the same, incorrect way.
That seems to be one of the major laments in Thinking, Fast and Slow (Kahneman). Us humans, even when we're 'ready for it', tend to be remarkably inflexible in adopting concepts which conflict with our basic or social intuitions...
Fascinating stuff. Just today I was looking at the 30-40 tabs I bring up each time I start Chrome and I was wondering: doest having all this data in front of me help me remember to do various internet chores? Or does it get in the way? Better still, is it a sign I'm actually experiencing some other condition that shows itself in my context-switching? I think there's something to this.
Having said that, I found this worrying:
We hope to use our findings to develop a software application that could be installed on home computers and mobile devices. It would monitor your Internet usage and alert you when your usage patterns might signal symptoms of depression. This would not replace the function of mental health professionals, but it could be a cost-effective way to prompt people to seek medical help early. It might also be a tool for parents to monitor the mood-related Internet usage patterns of their children.
One of the things I've noticed over the period of creating a lot of applications and sites is that any interaction with a computer can be interpreted in the opposite way from which it was intended. (I nominate this as Markham's Law of Technology Reciprocity) Upvote an article on HN? You're not just tagging articles for quality, the system is also tagging you to see what kinds of articles you upvote (whether or not that information is used or not is not important here). Have a lot of tabs on your browser and switch between them? You're not just engaging sites with the browser; the browser is also engaging you on how you spend your time. Show Facebook who you would like to invite to be a friend? Facebook is watching who you pick as folks you want to associate with socially. You are not just interacting with the net; the net is closely watching you. It's a two-way street.
This can lead to some scary places. Having a computer monitor my actions and "help" me identify my emotional state and mental health could be awesome -- or it could be a tool that lets outsiders climb inside my head in ways no human has ever dreamed of before. If you think keeping your DNA information secret is important, you'll be having heart palpitations when you start thinking this stuff through. There's this world of data mining out there that mostly has to do with your internal thoughts, beliefs, and emotions. I'll repeat: I think this is a good thing. But hell if I'm happy about the trend in general.
Having too many tabs open at one time can definitely hurt my concentration. I can remember multiple times in the last few weeks when I just wanted to look up some specific information or send a single email, but upon switching back to Chrome, ended up answering other emails in my inbox or looking at tabs I had left open with articles that I wanted to read.
I've started making sure I use an app (Pocket) to keep track of articles so I can close the browser tab immediately and read one article at a time exclusively, and on my schedule (e.g. sitting in a taxi or on the subway). For emails, I guess I should write them in a text editor before switching to GMail, so I just have to copy, paste, send.
Ironically, I know my internal state and the state identified by the study are antithetical. I realize the states are identified by statistics, but what happens when you really are an outlier?
I do this as well. Right now, I have 41 open, which is about normal. At work, I have another 50 or so open.
I primarily use tabs as a "live bookmark", both positive ("remind me to look at this later"), and negative ("I don't want to deal with this now, but should later"). I usually browse non-linearly, where I go through an entire page opening interesting links in new tabs before moving on. Thus, I end up with tons of tabs that, by default, stay open. I usually do a quick clean up every few days.
A sample:
1) JavaScript cheat sheet. I've been needing to brush up.
2) A recipe that I want to try soon.
3) Ask HN page on best Git GUI for Windows. We're switching to Git at work, and most developers use Windows, so I need to find something that will make the transition easier.
4) "How to Read Mathematics". I'd normally add this to Pocket and read on my Kindle, but I also want to send it to old professors.
5) A couple tabs for a pair of prescription sunglasses I'm considering buying,
6) My side project's Trello page.
7) Several pages with design ideas for my side project (both JS and CSS)
8) Long Ask Reddit threads I wanted to die off before I read them.
9) A couple blog posts I've been wanting to read, but not long enough to add to Pocket.
10) Links that I've opened after seeing HN's homepage.
etc.
1. Episode guide for Babylon 5, which I'm currently watching my way through on days that I'm not watching Euro 2012 matches.
2. Strategy guide for a game I play.
3. Scott Chacon's "Pro Git" book, which I've been meaning to read.
4. A reddit/r/metal thread recommending doom metal bands, since I've liked a few doom metal songs on that subreddit and are meaning to get into the genre more.
5, 6. More reddit/r/metal threads for similar reference.
7. A blog post on Pry, the Ruby REPL/debugger
8. A web caching tutorial, which I found on Hacker News
9. A blog post about "Real World Clojure", which I found on Hacker News
10. A listing of 2 minute tutorials about R, which I found on Hacker News
Who's the comedian? I have about 300 tabs open, tell me if kippt will help. Personally, I'm curious if there are comedians similar to, or indeed a whole lot more unexpected than, Mitch Hedberg.
3, 4: A page about "GTD for hackers", which I found on HN awhile back
drowning in that list.
Maybe I should be happy about Firefox (granted: Beta) being extremely buggy for me when restoring sessions. Just today it killed my equally big list of things I meant to look at again and never did.
There's a saying among people with messy desks: "clean desk, empty mind". Personally I don't mind having so many tabs, but once it affects performance I go and clean them up. Many of the tabs I listed are now gone, and while a few new ones are open, I think I have fewer in aggregate.
People use technology to cope, if they need. As we speak, I have 38 tabs open - and that's just on this computer. As you said, this helps me remember various chores online - email tabs open, still need to reply to them - news article open, still want to read that when I have a chance - etc..
I am a visual person and that's why tabs help me, they are queues. Perhaps what I need is to learn some discipline in opening a 'TODO' task list daily, though then I find that overwhelming; Maybe I need to try to give that a bit more of a chance, and maybe I just haven't found the right tool(s) that work for me?
I imagine if I found a way to be more organized then my creative flow and potentially creative capacity would be diminished. I would potentially become too fixed on organization as the main importance, and that would take away from fluidity that creativity needs; Perhaps I need this, I don't know.
If a service that tracked my behaviours was used to suggest better tools for me to use based on my patterns, then that'd be neat - however because they are a business and want to make profits - I can see it being used in less-than-pure ways.
I'm curious, did Newton name Newton's law himself or did other people do that for him? Did Gantt name his diagrams? Isn't it a bit vain to name a law with your own name?
Well, this article started interesting, and ended in a somewhat scary proposal that universities log students' internet usage and data-mine it using robo-depression-screening software that would report them to counselors. The caveat ("raises privacy concerns that would have to be addressed") does not really reassure me...
My hope is that's just a cynical eye-on-funding thing thrown in, and the researchers are really interested in the science, only gesturing towards this other suggestion as a way of ticking the "potential future applications" box that funding agencies like. But it's hard to tell.
It does, but if you identify it before it can be reported, don't leave a paper trail, and find another reason (because there's always a reason if you want there to be one), you can probably get around that. I'm not suggesting that it would be ethical or even a good idea, but it's certainly possible that an early-detection system could be used to be very evil indeed.
yes, I can't wait for the first company that fires people who "tended to engage in very high e-mail usage.". Although high p2p usage at work may be a reasonable excuse for firing :)
It would be simple to create a program to log the usage and recommend the user seek counselling, without having to log thousands of peoples internet usage.
I don't get why 1) everyone has to be HAPPY, and 2) why the high ups seem so intent on making sure we're HAPPY.
Here's reality: life can be utterly fucking shitty. People get depressed. Then you get over it and life goes on and eventually someone will die, or your S.O. will dump your ass and you'll get depressed again. Then you get over it.
Fund proper counselling problems to reach out to kids at high risk of suicide and stop giving a shit if everyone is happy. 99.9% of depressed people aren't going to lynch themselves otherwise there wouldn't be a human race.
A very slim number of people get depressed and try to commit suicide. Normally there are a shit ton of signs that everyone around them ignore. If everyone around them actually paid attention to these depressed people before they became suicidal, you'd cut the suicide rate to 1 in 1000 of what it is right now.
"99.9% of depressed people aren't going to lynch themselves otherwise there wouldn't be a human race."
Exactly. But you know the way society is. 99% of the men or woman who cheat don't kill their spouse but that info being uncovered certainly increases greatly the suspicion that they committed the crime.
> without having to log thousands of peoples internet usage.
> why the high ups seem so intent on making sure we're HAPPY.
You just rediscovered the age-old correlation between a desire for totalitarian control and a preoccupation with superficial happiness. The theory is that the best way to ensure that existing structures of power and domination remain in place in perpetuity is to ensure that everyone is happy. Because happy people don't complain loudly. In Brave New World, the unhappy Bernard was the only insider who challenged the norms of a society where everyone was supposedly happy. In that book, the authorities try their damnedest to keep everyone happy, occupied, and productive so that there will be no occasion for some depressed dude to start mulling over the deficiencies of the system. Because people tend to see those deficiencies more clearly when they're unhappy and dissatisfied with the status quo.
Seriously, we need depressed folks, autistic folks, OCD folks, and all these other kinds of people in our world in order for progress to happen. Happy people won't fix what they don't think is broken!
> Seriously, we need depressed folks, autistic folks, OCD folks, and all these other kinds of people in our world in order for progress to happen. Happy people won't fix what they don't think is broken!
It almost sounds like you're implying that people are either happy, or have one of n classifiable psychological disorders. The reality is that the disorders are statistical classifications that fit an infinite number of shades of the human condition. Umbrellas.
Personally I consider myself hapilly-awake? I guess I know we live in a very suboptimal world but I am happy to exist and do my best to change what I can about it.
Thanks for catching that oversight, I didn't intend to imply that people with currently acknowledged mental disorders are unhappy. Hey, I'm an aspie and I'm not terribly unhappy about it, either. But I sure am dissatisfied (i.e. unhappy) with the way the world around me is.
The kind of happiness that "higher ups" want to propagate, on the other hand, often involves accepting the status quo and just trying to fit in.
I think you accidentally highlighted a problem our society, at least our media, tries to portray in that "depression is a mental disorder". You only have to see the commercials for anti-depressants to see this.
The world becomes very easy for government when you can lump every unhappy or disgruntled citizen as having a mental disorder, so you can medicate and silence them.
Governments are in the very uneasy position of being who the peasantry get angry at. Feudal lords understood this danger very well. The middle-eastern and north-african dictators have been learning this. How long before our own politicians have to learn this lesson before we get our fair and responsible government back?
It won't take guns to topple our government. It will take people protesting. If you can unite a fraction of a populace, you can topple industries and topple governments simply by orchestrating where your dollars go. Want an end to walmart and their policies? Get 10% of their shoppers to start buying from Target or whomever who treat their workers better, or support local communities better. If it happens country wide, walmart has too much equity sunk into brick and mortar that they can't rapidly restructure. 10% less income from stores across the board mean stores taking losses, means stores breaking even. Lay off staff and you lose more customers. Close stores, and you lose more customers. Even if you close stores, it's going to be 6 months to a year to get the equity back into working capital.
If 10% of the population with held taxes. That's 230 billion dollars in unpaid taxes. Governments will change quickly when you can't do anything to penalize these people. Fine them? They wont pay, and there's way too many to effectively jail, and if you do you lose even more taxes from what they would spend on food and goods.
Exactly. Given some of the things that happen in our world depression is a perfectly normal human state. Get meds if you want them, but don't feel like you're not normal just because you're not smiling.
Although some geniuses have mental disorders, don't make the mistake of thinking that all people with mental disorders are geniuses or have special insights - we're just run-of-the-mill people that run the gamut of abilities and personalities. And "happy" is not the right word to use for depression. As Peter Kramer said in his book, AGAINST DEPRESSION, the opposite of depression is not happiness, but resilience. If you suffer from true clinical depression, you can appreciate this distinction.
Agreed. Depression isn't about happiness versus sadness. Depression is about feeling so overwhelmed by everything in life, about every problem and issue being the same "volume" in your head and being unable to prioritize. This leads to a feeling of helplessness and impairment and withdrawal from decision making - a cycle that perpetuates itself.
I thought something similar myself, but what I don't understand is this:
If the powers that be just want to keep us happy to paper over the shittiness that their regime brings, why are they so adamant about banning drug use? If I were in charge, I'd see that as a cheap way to buy the population happiness of the kind that makes them not want to rebel.
In fact, in the Brave New World world, that's exactly what they do -- give everyone drugs so they're happy enough not to challenge the SQ.
In Brave New World, everyone uses drugs to get happy, the drug itself is relatively safe and doesn't hurt productivity, and everyone thinks it's perfectly normal to use drugs.
In the actual world, only a subset of the population uses drugs frequently, only a subset of available drugs can be used without serious side effects (we haven't invented the perfect Soma yet), and there is a lot of moralizing about drug use. Under these circumstances, nothing the government does will make everyone happy, so the government optimizes for the happiness of the voters who matter the most: conservative parents who get all worried about their kids doing ecstasy.
in many cases, depression is a mental disorder, not just the opposite of happiness. It's often caused by easily correctable physiological problems. In these cases, it makes sense to correct the underlying factors. In addition, a huge percentage of college students report being depressed. I still disagree with monitoring peoples internet activity, but for privacy reasons, not the reasons you mentioned.
> Here's reality: life can be utterly fucking shitty. People get depressed. Then you get over it and life goes on and eventually someone will die, or your S.O. will dump your ass and you'll get depressed again. Then you get over it.
There's a difference between being reasonably unsatisfied with life because of poor life situations (grief, for example, is normal) and reactive depression (grief won't go, and now you're depressed not grieving) and other forms of depression. (No rational reason for depression but you are anyway.)
> A very slim number of people get depressed and try to commit suicide.
Compared to what? Suicide rates have been dropping in the most of the UK, but it's still a significant public health issue.
I just wanted to point out that non depressive people is not necessarily happy people and have hard times when life's shitty, they just have emotional rewards (not only emotional punishments) when confronting (and overcoming) the shit.
I'm still trying to figure out why we need higher ups in the first place.
On a less anarchistic note, we need to start questioning the mental health of our society as a whole (the abyss might stare back at you but you stared first, stick with it).
That there is an obsession with everyone being in a particular state is indicative of anxiety. That it cannot comprehend the fact that our emotional states are the products of our physical and social environments indicates denial.
It's just like family therapy - no single member of a family can be mentally ill in isolation - the whole family needs treatment. So it is with humanity - the sky high levels of reported anxiety and depression are not isolated to the individuals suffering from them, they are a result of the very fabric of our society. It's the way we look at and treat each other, it's the inequality, the prejudice, the hatred, the litigation, the constant shifting of blame and severe lack of responsibility that's endemic in our culture. THAT is what's making people feel bad.
Treating individuals is patching the symptoms and not addressing the root causes.
My concern is that in my years of struggling with my depression (and my current state of doing quite well), I've had people make heavy-handed attempts to "help" me and I've had people who actually helped me. There's no guarantee that anyone who can guess without my telling them that I'm depressed is going to be the kind of person I'm willing to trust.
Admittedly this article a high-level overview, but I see a lot of hand-waving use of statistical terms.
For example, how is “30 percent of the participants met the criteria for depressive symptoms” in line with “10 to 40 percent of college students at some point experience such symptoms”. It’s not: 30% have depressive symptoms now vs 10% having symptoms at some point? One of those two numbers is way off, or they are comparing apples to oranges.
There is no mention of how strong the correlations are (though one would expect such in the full paper). This is a small number of people – around 200 – all of which are of a similar age & occupation.
The idea that this evidence would lead one to consider monitoring implies a certainty and generality about the results which appears unjustified.
It's interesting seeing my alma mater show up here. I wouldn't be surprised if Rolla students exhibited a higher rate of depression than the norm. Having spent 4 years there, I knew a lot of people that were bitter about being there. It's a small state engineering school in the middle of nowhere, without any particular pedigree or notoriety, known mostly, at least among other students in the midwest, for it's St. Patrick's Day festivities and drinking culture.
At any rate, I'd certainly want to see a sample from a different or at least more diverse population before I would think my browsing habits said anything about my general mental state. Beyond what was mentioned about, the sample at Rolla was presumably first- and second-year students living in the dorms as the rest would not be sharing an internet connection in a way that makes monitoring per student feasible.
I wonder if engineering school students are more depressed on average. It was certainly my impression while attending one that the students were more stressed than they average college student at other schools.
Missouri S&T was voted the most depressed school (or something to that effect) at one point. I don't recall the details, so don't quote me on that one.
Our university has about as high a percentage of Engineering and Science students as any university does. Again, don't quote me, but it has gotta be pretty darn close to the top.
Missouri S&T was voted the most depressed school (or something to that effect) at one point. I don't recall the details, so don't quote me on that one.
"For five of the past nine years, one of the three colleges—the University of Missouri-Columbia, Stephens College, and the University of Missouri-Rolla—has landed at No. 1 on the Princeton Review's list for the school with the 'least happy students.'"
(University of Missouri - Rolla being the former name of Missouri S&T.)
That's a major problem with many (maybe even most) psych studies. I don't think anyone who's thought about it at length really thinks these kinds of populations of convenience ("recruited N students at my university") are a good way to do science, but they are... convenient, so they keep getting used. At some schools, psych students have to participate in a certain number of studies for credit, which makes it easier to get participants, while likely further biasing the participant pool.
It's part of the traditional split between quantitative and qualitative psychologists (and sociologists), each of whom gets one side of the equation stronger. The qualitative side typically goes "out into the world" and tries to interview a target community, building an understanding and iterating to fill in gaps in the understanding. They often succeed in quite good coverage, but don't produce statistical results. The quantitative side typically wants to measure statistically significant results on pre-specified, narrower questions, but often does so only on populations on convenience, rather than going "out into the world" and really understanding the populations that are out there.
A comment I've heard before from a psych researcher is that psych research at universities is the really the research into undergrads taking psych courses...
This is very, very true. In fact, Heinrich et al wrote a wonderful paper decrying this very problem.
humancond.org/_media/papers/weirdest_people.pdf
Unfortunately, its not going to change, because of the pressures on academics to publish, publish, publish inclines them to take full advantage of these samples of convenience.
Its actually even worse, because the majority of psych papers are based on American psych students, so there's not even much of a good geographic spread in the ridiculously limited samples psychologists use.
I've often felt like the internet is a gathering place for people who are stressed out by the real world and seek a refuge. It's a symptom. When the real world causes a certain level of anxiety, this can lead to depression.
If you imagine how people you might label as happy and social IRL use the net, they're online either to work or reinforce their real life connections. For them, the net is a tool rather than a destination. This article is a broad overview, but it seems to make sense in general.
I highly recommend reading Learned Optimism. It's not just some empty feel good self-help book, it has scientific rigor and explanations of the causes of much of depression.
You're probably right. It seems like a crutch for some people. Instead of battling through it and becoming stronger, they escape to the Internet and never truly overcome the issue. Personally, getting rid of the bigger pleasures in my life really helped to face the bigger pains. Maybe I'm a unique and special snowflake, but I doubt it.
This study found that almost 1 in 3 students at the Missouri University for Science and Technology, who have the spare time to take part in psychology research, are depressed. Then this study tracked the internet usage of those depressed students to see how depressed people interact with internet services differently than non-depressed people.
I read the article didn't see any claim that these patterns of usage caused depression. The emphasis seemed to be on using them as a signal for diagnosis of a pre-existing depression.
I was shocked that they threw in the part about developing an application to alert people that they may be depressed. This is the one amd only study on this and they have the nerve to pitch a software idea at the end? Honestly, at this point using their application to detect early signs of depression is like going to a phrenologist or getting your palms read - and taking it seriously. There needs to be more studies with reproducible results. What ever happened to science?
For that depression that is environmental, and caused by factors like stress, isolation and boredom, the internet would be a welcome salve. Engagement on facebook and HN reduce isolation and boredom.
I'm not sure the researchers are giving enough credence to the idea that the depressive's very next click might finally reveal the secret to happiness and fulfillment. I mean, it might? Right? RIGHT?
> "Another example: the Internet usage of depressive people tended to exhibit high “flow duration entropy” — which often occurs when there is frequent switching among Internet applications like e-mail, chat rooms and games."
Surely most people switch between applications and mediums? If not, then I fall within the 'depressive' category. Dual monitors plus smart phones and an iPad don't help things.
Maybe they're depressed because they spend too much time on the internet and therefore have no friends. Or they have no friends and therefore they are depressed and spend too much time on the internet entertaining themselves whereas people who have lots of friends just leave Facebook open all day.
Absolute twaddle. This is not science -- this is the science industry.
This work is so subjective on so many levels as to be worse than worthless -- rather than increasing humanities knowledge by even a modicum, this 'research' positively reduces human knowledge by simply adding noise. It's a shame that PhD's can't just lecture and are forced to do research. This is the crap we end up with.
"OTHER characteristic features of “depressive” Internet behavior included increased amounts of video watching, gaming and chatting."
Well, then I guess G+ users are on the better side of things given that games are being scrapped off of the platform - sorry for all you depressed FB users :-)
This is all bullshit. Speculation. And to think it came from the NY Times.
"P2P packets" are signs of depression in a college campus because people are sharing files? Am I reading this right?! They're sharing movies and music - that's where it all started.
Certain users with high email usage?? How can you identify spam vs. actual? How can you state that some people simply aren't busy and receive a ton of email (including professors)?? And then this leads to speculation of "anxiety" symptoms. Haha. Great correlation there.
Who writes this crap.
Not only is the data they collected so broad and irrelevant, it cannot be accurately used against empirical (medical, depression-related) data to come up with some crap story that users that P2P are depressed.
The notion of them logging and analyzing detailed user data in the future is the cherry on top to a fascinatingly stupid read!
Another question about this study is the effect of self-selection. In order for the researchers to collect the specific traffic data for the group of people in the study, I am assuming that the students had to give permission, i.e. sign a waiver, to permit such access.
Given that if I knew I was in a study, and that my internet usage was going to be studied, that would affect my usage of the internet. I might not download movies, or watch as much porn. Perhaps I wouldn't visit Facebook from the university networks.
Even if unconscious of the act, knowledge that they were being studied could easily have affected the resulting data. I would like to see if and how this was controlled for.
The Science in this study is suspect at best (possibly wrong is another interpretation). There is some hand waving about how "privacy concerns" were addressed by not looking at What was happening on the computers but "how the internet was used". then they go on to describe exactly what was happening on the participants computer.
They are also using a second-degree correlation: answers on a survey to internet usage; as opposed to a direct correlation - already diagnosed depressives surfing habits.
My first thought was that this might be fascinating, but it turns out to be more redundant than anything else.
If you're constantly out with friends or playing sports, you probably aren't going to have time to use your email all day, play games, share files, and watch videos. If you're staying at home all day... well, to one extent or another, that sort of defines "depression" in a very broad sense.
I must be depressed to an extent I simply do not realise. I love when scientific 'professionals' inform me as to what my mental and emotional state truly is!
I disagree with all the negative comments here, if I understand the article correctly, they found a correlation like "IF you are depressed, THEN you might anxiously check your emails all the time'' They arent saying this internet use pattern makes you more likely to be depressed (See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modus_ponens#Justification_via_...)
In my personal case, I have bipolar depression and I have gone through several depressive episodes and have definately changed my internet usage during them as described in the article. So I believe this research has value and I will probably build a tool for self-tracking these variables...
What I disagree with is that there should be a central software to notify "counselors'' of this behavior. I believe there would be too many false positives and it would be a huge intrusion of privacy.
Maybe a system where users by the software get an automated "Need help?" email once where they can schedule an anonymous appointment with 1 click at the student health center or something would be fine. But it should really just be a relatively cheap way to screen for students who might be in trouble and contact them proactively, the internet usage itself shouldnt be logged or discussed as a problem ever...
I have one depressed friend. Anytime I visit him, it eventually turn into a Youtube party. This tendency is by far worse than with any of my other friends.
I'd love to track my personal wellbeing, right now my only metrics are "am I hooked to some flash game or not" and "did I go jogging this week or not". Tracking my web surfing could give something in like "it seems you're having a lousy afternoon" which would be more handy because I might snap out of it.
this article seems to me as a hint that we need to redefine depression - the term has become ubiquous (synchronous with the rising term of burnout) and looking thru the test on http://cesd-r.com/ it seems to me at a large part of the correlation could come from the loss of focus amongst the test persons. this would also be in line with the higher usage of various web applications (which obviously dosen't contribute to your concentration). calling this as a form of depression just doesn't seem like the appropriate term.
118 comments
[ 4.3 ms ] story [ 220 ms ] threadThat and I can now refer to the number of tabs I have open as my flow duration entropy number.
How could you read comments on HN, reddit and youtube and not be depressed?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8rmi95pYL0
For the record, I get angry at the world problems, not depressed.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_probability
To find out the chances that a heavy web user is depressed, you have to also consider the other things that can cause someone to use the web heavily. There's a really slick theorem for calculating this:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes_theorem
Having said that, I found this worrying:
We hope to use our findings to develop a software application that could be installed on home computers and mobile devices. It would monitor your Internet usage and alert you when your usage patterns might signal symptoms of depression. This would not replace the function of mental health professionals, but it could be a cost-effective way to prompt people to seek medical help early. It might also be a tool for parents to monitor the mood-related Internet usage patterns of their children.
One of the things I've noticed over the period of creating a lot of applications and sites is that any interaction with a computer can be interpreted in the opposite way from which it was intended. (I nominate this as Markham's Law of Technology Reciprocity) Upvote an article on HN? You're not just tagging articles for quality, the system is also tagging you to see what kinds of articles you upvote (whether or not that information is used or not is not important here). Have a lot of tabs on your browser and switch between them? You're not just engaging sites with the browser; the browser is also engaging you on how you spend your time. Show Facebook who you would like to invite to be a friend? Facebook is watching who you pick as folks you want to associate with socially. You are not just interacting with the net; the net is closely watching you. It's a two-way street.
This can lead to some scary places. Having a computer monitor my actions and "help" me identify my emotional state and mental health could be awesome -- or it could be a tool that lets outsiders climb inside my head in ways no human has ever dreamed of before. If you think keeping your DNA information secret is important, you'll be having heart palpitations when you start thinking this stuff through. There's this world of data mining out there that mostly has to do with your internal thoughts, beliefs, and emotions. I'll repeat: I think this is a good thing. But hell if I'm happy about the trend in general.
I've started making sure I use an app (Pocket) to keep track of articles so I can close the browser tab immediately and read one article at a time exclusively, and on my schedule (e.g. sitting in a taxi or on the subway). For emails, I guess I should write them in a text editor before switching to GMail, so I just have to copy, paste, send.
I will second that! But isn't the "You are the product" law prior art for that?
"... when you gaze long into an abyss, the abyss also gazes into you." [1]
Nietzsche was a quotable fellow. [2]
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[0] "Wikiquote - Nietzsche - Beyond_Good_and_Evil - Aphorism 146" http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Beyond_Good_and_Evil#Aphorism_1...
[1] "When you stare into .. " http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/39793.html
[2] "Nietzsche quotes" http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Friedrich_Nietzsche
I primarily use tabs as a "live bookmark", both positive ("remind me to look at this later"), and negative ("I don't want to deal with this now, but should later"). I usually browse non-linearly, where I go through an entire page opening interesting links in new tabs before moving on. Thus, I end up with tons of tabs that, by default, stay open. I usually do a quick clean up every few days.
A sample:
1) JavaScript cheat sheet. I've been needing to brush up.
2) A recipe that I want to try soon.
3) Ask HN page on best Git GUI for Windows. We're switching to Git at work, and most developers use Windows, so I need to find something that will make the transition easier.
4) "How to Read Mathematics". I'd normally add this to Pocket and read on my Kindle, but I also want to send it to old professors.
5) A couple tabs for a pair of prescription sunglasses I'm considering buying,
6) My side project's Trello page.
7) Several pages with design ideas for my side project (both JS and CSS)
8) Long Ask Reddit threads I wanted to die off before I read them.
9) A couple blog posts I've been wanting to read, but not long enough to add to Pocket.
10) Links that I've opened after seeing HN's homepage. etc.
http://i.imgur.com/Plmzb.png
Window 1:
1. Episode guide for Babylon 5, which I'm currently watching my way through on days that I'm not watching Euro 2012 matches.
2. Strategy guide for a game I play.
3. Scott Chacon's "Pro Git" book, which I've been meaning to read.
4. A reddit/r/metal thread recommending doom metal bands, since I've liked a few doom metal songs on that subreddit and are meaning to get into the genre more.
5, 6. More reddit/r/metal threads for similar reference.
7. A blog post on Pry, the Ruby REPL/debugger
8. A web caching tutorial, which I found on Hacker News
9. A blog post about "Real World Clojure", which I found on Hacker News
10. A listing of 2 minute tutorials about R, which I found on Hacker News
11. A European seedbox provider's front page
12. This, which I've been meaning to share with my girlfriend, and which I found on Hacker News: http://amasci.com/amateur/whygnd.html
13. A wiki page about a comedian, as a reminder to check out his work later, since he's purportedly similar to two other comedians I like
14, 15. Youtube links to metal songs from /r/metal
16. Hacker News itself
17. A reddit/r/soccer thread with a video I've been meaning to watch
18. My monthly budget in a Google Docs spreadsheet
19. An interesting looking article about Copland, Apple's project to replace the Mac OS before they bought NeXT.
20. An old Ars Technica post about Mac OS X memory management that mentions Copland; a false positive in a recent Google search about the topic.
21. Bus directions from home to work on Google Maps
22. The purported homepage of "Balance of Power: 21st Century", which is down.
23. The Wikipedia article about the original Balance of Power game.
24. Similar to 22--this is actually the homepage, 22 is the top-level domain.
25, 26: This article and thread from HN: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4114295
27, 28: Other HN threads
29: My threads
30: Reddit
31, 32: Various Reddit threads
33: An installment of Dinosaur Comics
34, 35: An HN thread--the same one, since I open "reply" links in a new tab.
36: This HN thread.
37: The tab I am typing this comment in.
38: This HN thread again.
39: My HN threads again.
Window 2: 1. The homepage for orgmode, which I've been meaning to look into.
2. A Trello board for a personal project.
3, 4: A page about "GTD for hackers", which I found on HN awhile back
5, 6: Other random self-improvement links
Window 3: 5 tabs of Coursera and other online course pages
Window 4: 16 tabs of technical subjects I've been meaning to look into
Probably less a sign of depression and more a sign of a surfeit of RAM and whatever mentality lies behind a cluttered desk....
I'd actually recommend Steven Wright if you like Mitch Hedberg. He's more deadpan but rather similar.
Maybe I should be happy about Firefox (granted: Beta) being extremely buggy for me when restoring sessions. Just today it killed my equally big list of things I meant to look at again and never did.
I am a visual person and that's why tabs help me, they are queues. Perhaps what I need is to learn some discipline in opening a 'TODO' task list daily, though then I find that overwhelming; Maybe I need to try to give that a bit more of a chance, and maybe I just haven't found the right tool(s) that work for me?
I imagine if I found a way to be more organized then my creative flow and potentially creative capacity would be diminished. I would potentially become too fixed on organization as the main importance, and that would take away from fluidity that creativity needs; Perhaps I need this, I don't know.
If a service that tracked my behaviours was used to suggest better tools for me to use based on my patterns, then that'd be neat - however because they are a business and want to make profits - I can see it being used in less-than-pure ways.
My hope is that's just a cynical eye-on-funding thing thrown in, and the researchers are really interested in the science, only gesturing towards this other suggestion as a way of ticking the "potential future applications" box that funding agencies like. But it's hard to tell.
I don't get why 1) everyone has to be HAPPY, and 2) why the high ups seem so intent on making sure we're HAPPY.
Here's reality: life can be utterly fucking shitty. People get depressed. Then you get over it and life goes on and eventually someone will die, or your S.O. will dump your ass and you'll get depressed again. Then you get over it.
Fund proper counselling problems to reach out to kids at high risk of suicide and stop giving a shit if everyone is happy. 99.9% of depressed people aren't going to lynch themselves otherwise there wouldn't be a human race.
A very slim number of people get depressed and try to commit suicide. Normally there are a shit ton of signs that everyone around them ignore. If everyone around them actually paid attention to these depressed people before they became suicidal, you'd cut the suicide rate to 1 in 1000 of what it is right now.
Exactly. But you know the way society is. 99% of the men or woman who cheat don't kill their spouse but that info being uncovered certainly increases greatly the suspicion that they committed the crime.
> why the high ups seem so intent on making sure we're HAPPY.
You just rediscovered the age-old correlation between a desire for totalitarian control and a preoccupation with superficial happiness. The theory is that the best way to ensure that existing structures of power and domination remain in place in perpetuity is to ensure that everyone is happy. Because happy people don't complain loudly. In Brave New World, the unhappy Bernard was the only insider who challenged the norms of a society where everyone was supposedly happy. In that book, the authorities try their damnedest to keep everyone happy, occupied, and productive so that there will be no occasion for some depressed dude to start mulling over the deficiencies of the system. Because people tend to see those deficiencies more clearly when they're unhappy and dissatisfied with the status quo.
Seriously, we need depressed folks, autistic folks, OCD folks, and all these other kinds of people in our world in order for progress to happen. Happy people won't fix what they don't think is broken!
I have to point out one little oversight though:
> Seriously, we need depressed folks, autistic folks, OCD folks, and all these other kinds of people in our world in order for progress to happen. Happy people won't fix what they don't think is broken!
It almost sounds like you're implying that people are either happy, or have one of n classifiable psychological disorders. The reality is that the disorders are statistical classifications that fit an infinite number of shades of the human condition. Umbrellas.
Personally I consider myself hapilly-awake? I guess I know we live in a very suboptimal world but I am happy to exist and do my best to change what I can about it.
The kind of happiness that "higher ups" want to propagate, on the other hand, often involves accepting the status quo and just trying to fit in.
The world becomes very easy for government when you can lump every unhappy or disgruntled citizen as having a mental disorder, so you can medicate and silence them.
Governments are in the very uneasy position of being who the peasantry get angry at. Feudal lords understood this danger very well. The middle-eastern and north-african dictators have been learning this. How long before our own politicians have to learn this lesson before we get our fair and responsible government back?
It won't take guns to topple our government. It will take people protesting. If you can unite a fraction of a populace, you can topple industries and topple governments simply by orchestrating where your dollars go. Want an end to walmart and their policies? Get 10% of their shoppers to start buying from Target or whomever who treat their workers better, or support local communities better. If it happens country wide, walmart has too much equity sunk into brick and mortar that they can't rapidly restructure. 10% less income from stores across the board mean stores taking losses, means stores breaking even. Lay off staff and you lose more customers. Close stores, and you lose more customers. Even if you close stores, it's going to be 6 months to a year to get the equity back into working capital.
If 10% of the population with held taxes. That's 230 billion dollars in unpaid taxes. Governments will change quickly when you can't do anything to penalize these people. Fine them? They wont pay, and there's way too many to effectively jail, and if you do you lose even more taxes from what they would spend on food and goods.
If the powers that be just want to keep us happy to paper over the shittiness that their regime brings, why are they so adamant about banning drug use? If I were in charge, I'd see that as a cheap way to buy the population happiness of the kind that makes them not want to rebel.
In fact, in the Brave New World world, that's exactly what they do -- give everyone drugs so they're happy enough not to challenge the SQ.
So what gives?
In the actual world, only a subset of the population uses drugs frequently, only a subset of available drugs can be used without serious side effects (we haven't invented the perfect Soma yet), and there is a lot of moralizing about drug use. Under these circumstances, nothing the government does will make everyone happy, so the government optimizes for the happiness of the voters who matter the most: conservative parents who get all worried about their kids doing ecstasy.
This is not snarky, I am genuinely interested, if a little unbelieving.
There's a difference between being reasonably unsatisfied with life because of poor life situations (grief, for example, is normal) and reactive depression (grief won't go, and now you're depressed not grieving) and other forms of depression. (No rational reason for depression but you are anyway.)
> A very slim number of people get depressed and try to commit suicide.
Compared to what? Suicide rates have been dropping in the most of the UK, but it's still a significant public health issue.
On a less anarchistic note, we need to start questioning the mental health of our society as a whole (the abyss might stare back at you but you stared first, stick with it).
That there is an obsession with everyone being in a particular state is indicative of anxiety. That it cannot comprehend the fact that our emotional states are the products of our physical and social environments indicates denial.
It's just like family therapy - no single member of a family can be mentally ill in isolation - the whole family needs treatment. So it is with humanity - the sky high levels of reported anxiety and depression are not isolated to the individuals suffering from them, they are a result of the very fabric of our society. It's the way we look at and treat each other, it's the inequality, the prejudice, the hatred, the litigation, the constant shifting of blame and severe lack of responsibility that's endemic in our culture. THAT is what's making people feel bad.
Treating individuals is patching the symptoms and not addressing the root causes.
Also, I don't think and application that pops up and says "You are acting depressed" is going to help very much.
For example, how is “30 percent of the participants met the criteria for depressive symptoms” in line with “10 to 40 percent of college students at some point experience such symptoms”. It’s not: 30% have depressive symptoms now vs 10% having symptoms at some point? One of those two numbers is way off, or they are comparing apples to oranges.
There is no mention of how strong the correlations are (though one would expect such in the full paper). This is a small number of people – around 200 – all of which are of a similar age & occupation.
The idea that this evidence would lead one to consider monitoring implies a certainty and generality about the results which appears unjustified.
It's interesting seeing my alma mater show up here. I wouldn't be surprised if Rolla students exhibited a higher rate of depression than the norm. Having spent 4 years there, I knew a lot of people that were bitter about being there. It's a small state engineering school in the middle of nowhere, without any particular pedigree or notoriety, known mostly, at least among other students in the midwest, for it's St. Patrick's Day festivities and drinking culture.
At any rate, I'd certainly want to see a sample from a different or at least more diverse population before I would think my browsing habits said anything about my general mental state. Beyond what was mentioned about, the sample at Rolla was presumably first- and second-year students living in the dorms as the rest would not be sharing an internet connection in a way that makes monitoring per student feasible.
Our university has about as high a percentage of Engineering and Science students as any university does. Again, don't quote me, but it has gotta be pretty darn close to the top.
http://web.archive.org/web/20070930201652/http://www.slate.c... - Missouri College Students: Are they really that miserable?
"For five of the past nine years, one of the three colleges—the University of Missouri-Columbia, Stephens College, and the University of Missouri-Rolla—has landed at No. 1 on the Princeton Review's list for the school with the 'least happy students.'"
(University of Missouri - Rolla being the former name of Missouri S&T.)
It's part of the traditional split between quantitative and qualitative psychologists (and sociologists), each of whom gets one side of the equation stronger. The qualitative side typically goes "out into the world" and tries to interview a target community, building an understanding and iterating to fill in gaps in the understanding. They often succeed in quite good coverage, but don't produce statistical results. The quantitative side typically wants to measure statistically significant results on pre-specified, narrower questions, but often does so only on populations on convenience, rather than going "out into the world" and really understanding the populations that are out there.
humancond.org/_media/papers/weirdest_people.pdf
Unfortunately, its not going to change, because of the pressures on academics to publish, publish, publish inclines them to take full advantage of these samples of convenience.
Its actually even worse, because the majority of psych papers are based on American psych students, so there's not even much of a good geographic spread in the ridiculously limited samples psychologists use.
Use the internet more often or leave your computer on? Depressed!
Tend to surf the web and a variety of sites? How haven't you killed yourself by now?
Lack of opportunity?
It turns out thinking hard that "I wish I were dead." is not actually lethal?
Because this is a bullshit study and a lot of the measures are things I correlate with high IQ and boredom?
If you imagine how people you might label as happy and social IRL use the net, they're online either to work or reinforce their real life connections. For them, the net is a tool rather than a destination. This article is a broad overview, but it seems to make sense in general.
I highly recommend reading Learned Optimism. It's not just some empty feel good self-help book, it has scientific rigor and explanations of the causes of much of depression.
So what uses of the internet would NOT indicate depression??
Surely most people switch between applications and mediums? If not, then I fall within the 'depressive' category. Dual monitors plus smart phones and an iPad don't help things.
This work is so subjective on so many levels as to be worse than worthless -- rather than increasing humanities knowledge by even a modicum, this 'research' positively reduces human knowledge by simply adding noise. It's a shame that PhD's can't just lecture and are forced to do research. This is the crap we end up with.
Well, then I guess G+ users are on the better side of things given that games are being scrapped off of the platform - sorry for all you depressed FB users :-)
"P2P packets" are signs of depression in a college campus because people are sharing files? Am I reading this right?! They're sharing movies and music - that's where it all started.
Certain users with high email usage?? How can you identify spam vs. actual? How can you state that some people simply aren't busy and receive a ton of email (including professors)?? And then this leads to speculation of "anxiety" symptoms. Haha. Great correlation there.
Who writes this crap.
Not only is the data they collected so broad and irrelevant, it cannot be accurately used against empirical (medical, depression-related) data to come up with some crap story that users that P2P are depressed.
The notion of them logging and analyzing detailed user data in the future is the cherry on top to a fascinatingly stupid read!
Goodnight, back to my IDE
Given that if I knew I was in a study, and that my internet usage was going to be studied, that would affect my usage of the internet. I might not download movies, or watch as much porn. Perhaps I wouldn't visit Facebook from the university networks.
Even if unconscious of the act, knowledge that they were being studied could easily have affected the resulting data. I would like to see if and how this was controlled for.
The section on data collection doesn't sound like there was any opt-in
If you're constantly out with friends or playing sports, you probably aren't going to have time to use your email all day, play games, share files, and watch videos. If you're staying at home all day... well, to one extent or another, that sort of defines "depression" in a very broad sense.
I'm not sure how this article made it to the top.
In my personal case, I have bipolar depression and I have gone through several depressive episodes and have definately changed my internet usage during them as described in the article. So I believe this research has value and I will probably build a tool for self-tracking these variables...
What I disagree with is that there should be a central software to notify "counselors'' of this behavior. I believe there would be too many false positives and it would be a huge intrusion of privacy.
Maybe a system where users by the software get an automated "Need help?" email once where they can schedule an anonymous appointment with 1 click at the student health center or something would be fine. But it should really just be a relatively cheap way to screen for students who might be in trouble and contact them proactively, the internet usage itself shouldnt be logged or discussed as a problem ever...
I'd love to track my personal wellbeing, right now my only metrics are "am I hooked to some flash game or not" and "did I go jogging this week or not". Tracking my web surfing could give something in like "it seems you're having a lousy afternoon" which would be more handy because I might snap out of it.