A universal triangulation for flat tori (2022) (arxiv.org)

A result due to Burago and Zalgaller (1960, 1995) states that every orientable polyhedral surface, one that is obtained by gluing Euclidean polygons, has an isometric piecewise linear (PL) embedding into Euclidean space E3. A flat torus, resulting from the identification of the opposite sides of a Euclidean parallelogram, is a simple example of polyhedral surface. In a first part, Lazarus and Tallerie adapt the proof of Burago and Zalgaller, which is partially non-constructive, to produce PL isometric embeddings of flat tori. Their implementation produces embeddings with a huge number of vertices, moreover distinct for every flat torus. In a second part, based on another construction of Zalgaller (2000) and on recent works by Arnoux et al. (2021), they exhibit a universal triangulation with 2434 triangles which can be embedded linearly on each triangle in order to realize the metric of any flat torus.