Hetzner cuts traffic on US VPSs, raises prices

472 points by hyperknot ↗ HN
Just received by email:

We are writing to inform you about important changes to the tariff structure of our Cloud servers (CCX and CPX lines) and our Load balancers at our US locations in Ashburn and Hillsboro.

What will change?

Starting on 1 December 2024, 01:00 am CET, we will begin charging new prices for newly-created Cloud servers and introduce new amounts for included traffic for Cloud Servers and Load balancers at the US locations in Ashburn (ASH) and Hillsboro (HIL). This also applies to existing Cloud servers and Load balancers that are switched to a different tariff using the “Rescale” function. For any existing Cloud servers and Load balancers you have at these locations, the new prices and the new amounts for included traffic will apply later, starting on 1 February 2025, 01:00 am CET. The price for traffic overage will remain unchanged in the new price structure.

What are the new prices and amounts of included traffic?

Below, you can see a list of the old and new prices and the included traffic.

Product Old price New price Old included traffic New included traffic

CPX11 € 3.85 € 4.49 20 TB 1 TB

CPX21 € 7.05 € 8.99 20 TB 2 TB

CPX31 € 13.10 € 15.99 20 TB 3 TB

CPX41 € 24.70 € 29.99 20 TB 4 TB

CPX51 € 54.40 € 59.99 20 TB 5 TB

CCX13 € 11.99 € 12.99 20 TB 1 TB

CCX23 € 23.99 € 25.99 20 TB 2 TB

CCX33 € 47.99 € 49.99 30 TB 3 TB

CCX43 € 95.99 € 99.99 40 TB 4 TB

CCX53 € 191.99 € 199.99 50 TB 6 TB

CCX63 € 287.99 € 299.99 60 TB 8 TB

LB11 € 5.39 unchanged 20 TB 1 TB

LB21 € 16.40 unchanged 20 TB 2 TB

LB31 € 32.90 unchanged 20 TB 3 TB

All monthly prices are excl. VAT and excl. IPv4 addresses. Why are we making these changes?

With the new tariff structure, we want to make conditions for our customers around the world as fair as possible. To do that, we will calculate our prices based on local conditions in Europe, Singapore, and the USA. Until this change, customers who have used fewer resources have covered the costs, in a way, for other customers who have used much more resources. We want to make things more balanced. The new prices will give our customers the best possible price for the resources they use.

...

710 comments

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>Until this change, customers who have used fewer resources have covered the costs, in a way, for other customers who have used much more resources.

So... raising the prices for everybody instead?

Yeah, the justification given makes absolutely no sense - you are paying more than before even if you stay under the new limit (which is 1/20th of the original!)

They also use the word "tariff" several times without elaborating, as if the person who wrote the email doesn't know the actual meaning of the word.

Seems like intentional deception to hide a standard "we just want more money" price raise.

What's wrong with their use of "tariff"? Looks fine to me!
as if the person who wrote the email doesn't know the actual meaning of the word.

The word "tariff" has a few different meanings. I'd say they're using it correctly, just not with the same meaning that the word is commonly being used in the news right now.

> as if the person who wrote the email doesn't know the actual meaning of the word.

In my country, "tariff" is seen in several contexts:

* A tax on imports, much in the news since the recent US election.

* A pub or bar's price list is known as the "bar tariff"

* Energy companies offer a selection of "tariffs" i.e. agreed contract rates for usage-based pricing. e.g. a 3-year-fixed-price tariff, a 100%-green-energy tariff, and so on.

* The portion of a 'life' jail sentence which must be served, before a prisoner can be considered for parole.

So I don't think it's incorrect to call a price list a "tariff", merely unusual.

Right, only the first usage is mainstream American English. The others are not.

I am curious if the others are British English? Or Indian? Other?

> So I don't think it's incorrect to call a price list a "tariff"

I'm pretty sure it is in American English. That usage might be ok in British English, but for Americans that terminology is going to be confusing. Before today, I had never heard tariff used for anything other than import taxes. And since this applies to servers in the US, it would make sense not to use terminology that would be confusing to people in that country.

"We just want more money" Is the standard operating procedure and the goal of all for-profit companies. How can hackers not understand this? Of course they will always want as much money as possible, and it is up to you as a customer to decide if their product is worth what they are asking or if you will go to a competitor.
Because hackers are individual human beings, and as such are motivated by a whole variety of reasons, money being just one of them.

When running small companies they still tend to be motivated by other things, such as proving a point, achieving a technical goal or having some cultural influence etc.

It's only when the company grows in size that it becomes this soulless greedy sociopath we are all too accustomed to.

Hetzner grew a lot those last 5 years or so.

> It's only when the company grows in size that it becomes this soulless greedy sociopath we are all too accustomed to.

Most small and medium size businesses also fit this description. And I don't consider a price hike to be sociopathic or soulless. Greedy, sure. But businesses are always profit focused first and foremost.

In Germany "phone plan" is written as the literal translation of "mobile radio tariff", as a bundle of price and terms.

So it's not unexpected to use the uncommon in English meaning of the word to describe these changes.

Tariff can simply mean "fee". Don't be so proud of your ignorance.
It's not used that way in American English at all; it almost borders on archaic. Given the purpose of this email was to primarily let their American customers know they'd be raising prices on them, it seems unfair to tell someone they're ignorant when they were sent a message containing verbiage that has entirely different meaning to them.
It is not only correct British english, it would be considered formal and academic.

I understand that American english has diverged somewhat, but I would not have expected this word to give so much anguish. I wasn’t even personally aware that americans used it for a particular terminology.

in the meanwhile, us brits will continue using a literal swear word as our most popular version control system and not complain about it. :)

Yeah, I really don't understand that part of the message. It'd make sense if they were lowering prices elsewhere, but now they just... raise them? I seriously don't see how that benefits _anyone_ except Hetzner.
What likely happened here is that they were raising prices due to increased costs for energy and various other costs, and if they hadn't made this change then they would have had to increase the price more, so relative to that it keeps it cheaper for low-traffic customers - and they just communicated this poorly.
They're only raising the prices of customers whose servers use more than a terabyte per month. Based on my experience, it's not easy to go over a terabyte of bandwidth for most web services. I doubt the majority of their customers will see any change in price.

Sucks to pay a dollar per terabyte extra if you're downloading a petabyte per month through your hetzner VPN, but this sure beats raising everyone's prices because two or three companies decided to use Hetzner to build a CDN.

This is why you can't offer unlimited anything, and why we can't have nice things.

> They're only raising the prices of customers whose servers use more than a terabyte per month.

It sure reads to me like they raised the base instance price across the board. The biggest increases will be for those using over the new included bandwidth (min 1tb) but they are going up for everyone.

> They're only raising the prices of customers whose servers use more than a terabyte per month.

No they're not? AFAICT if I made a CPX11 using 0.1TB/mo, my price just went from 3.85 to 4.49.

Agreed. This was an incredibly stupid statement to make because they didn't reduce prices anywhere. This was not a price re-balancing, but a price hike.
Are tariffs already in place or is this just a thinly-veiled scapegoat for haircutting traffic allocation by 95%? To a customer, it certainly feels like a bait and switch to sell a subscription product and once customers are embedded materially change the economic trade.
By tariff they just mean contract pricing, not the tax kind.
It's the language barrier. The German word Tarif doesn't mean the same as the English word tariff.
Well actually one meaning of the English word tariff is the same as the German meaning, although it's not as widely used. To quote Wiktionary:

> tariff (plural tariffs)

1. A system of government-imposed duties levied on imported or exported goods; a list of such duties, or the duties themselves.

2. A schedule of rates, fees or prices.

3. (British) A sentence determined according to a scale of standard penalties for certain categories of crime.

...so Hetzner's usage of the word is technically correct™, even though native speakers might not use it in this context.

It's closer to industry jargon at this point in American English. Search for LTL tariffs, for example, and you'll find a very long list of trucking companies publishing their fees and terms as tariffs.
It's completely normal usage in Britain.

"I changed electricity provider to one with an EV tariff."

Yes, that's really funny. But even funnier, I can't think of a 1-1 English word, and even Google translate gives me tariff. It's actually just "price", but in the context of these kinds of services, could be also something like "tier" (but not to be confused with the German Tier :-)).
No, it's not just price, the entire structure of pricing changed.
I meant the German word is price, sorry for being unclear.
I’m not sure the meanings are really different. It’s just that tariff usually refers to import duties in the US.

People arguing that’s the only US meaning are just wrong though

But that's normal for languages, the meaning of a word can adjust to the point a meaning previously used becomes archaic. It's obvious these two words share the same for lack of a better word gist, but the actual usage diverged later.
It's also used in that sense in English (in telecom/utilities, airlines, etc.), just that the political/taxation usage is more heavily covered, especially lately.
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This has nothing to do with any possible trade wars or trade tariffs.

The word tariff is often used in telecom to indicate rates and fees for some given quantity of services, and that seems to be the use here.

This is pretty steep... their website still seems to list the old included traffic and price (though okay, I guess they still have 3 days to update). Is there a more official link, or was it distributed through email?
Haven't been able to find a link. Seems like it was only distributed by email — which isn't great communication IMO
Ahh, yes, the good old "here, you purchased X amount of things for $Z. But don't dare to use everything you paid for, or we double the price"
Hetzner have definitely always been scumbags about the bait & switch on aspects of their service like that. Granted it's pretty typical of the too good to be true rule of life.
Do you have any details? I was about to move all my services off from vultr to hetzner due to the much better pricing
I’ve had several servers with them for years now - private and VPS, and they do what it says on the tin.
Vultr still seems to charge several times as much for bandwidth as Herzner.
I have only had and have heard of great experiences with Hetzner. For both their offerings snd their support. I am based in Europe though.
Been using them happily for a few years. They’ve been rock solid and cheap. Can’t complain, even about this hike.
I can't think of a single other instance of bait and switch with Hetzner and we run a fair bit of infra with them.
It’s not an individual customer thing. It’s a subsidy for early customers to get market share > raise prices.
So... enshittification :)
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I think you are probably misreading the situation. My guess is that their costs went up and they are now increasing their prices so they don't lose money.
Dunno... my reaction was for this sentence specifically:

  > Until this change, customers who have used fewer resources have covered the costs [...] for other customers who have used much more resources.
  
This does sound to me like "here, all 20TB is yours, but make sure you don't use more than 2TB, or else" - regardless from which angle I look at it.
or else they charge you $1 a tb, not cut you off
You're misreading. This wouldn't get the $1 fee. "We're giving you 20 TB (TWENTY) but don't you dare use more than 2 TB (TWO)"

It's a classic web host reseller technique of overselling and having it backfire.

That's only a problem if they cut you off. If there's a defined (low) fee for overages then I don't understand what the problem is. $1tb is very well priced. AWS/GCP charges from the first byte after the miniscule free tier.
In the second example charging 28% more for 90% less traffic, starting in 3 days. That's straight up illegal in some parts of the world, but apparently not in the US?
The pricing applies immediately only for new customers. For existing ones, it applies from Feb 2025.
That ain't exactly a very long timeline either.
Nope, but they must have covered their ass in the legal T&Cs with something along the lines of them being able to vary the prices at their discretion etc
Did they finally realize how AWS/Azure/Gcloud actually generate their exorbitant profit margins?
No, they realized that nobody switches away from AWS because of their expensive bandwidth.
AWS negotiates on bandwidth, too, so I imagine the actual savings would be a lot smaller for most customers unless you have some business which is heavily dominated by egress pricing.
Bingo, lots of people are loud about this online and many influencers screaming about this on Twitter, so it’s easy to conflate that as a pressing issue. Ultimately a thousand indie devs mad about bandwidth extortion are still making up less than 1% of a serious company’s revenue for AWS.

I’ve liked using Hetzner before and I’m curious how they’ll go after the market now. This is probably the wrong move though; Cloudflare realized this same fact some time ago but they kept their prices low to avoid cultivating ill will.

What do you mean?

News Hacker isnt representative sample that also understands the insustry and the business?

> lots of people are loud about this online and many influencers screaming about this on Twitter, so it’s easy to conflate that as a pressing issue. Ultimately a thousand indie devs mad about bandwidth extortion are still making up less than 1% of a serious company’s revenue for AWS.

So basically, by getting worked up publicly about this, those people provide free marketing for Hetzner?

There probably are a number of things about AWS (see also no hard price caps) that people on forums froth at the mouth about but which most customers AWS actually cares about are largely indifferent about.
Can confirm that the enterprise I work for does not care one whit about the odd $5k mistake. It's all a drop in a bucket anyway.
Good. Maybe they can stop null routing traffic to paid customer accounts because their abuse detection false-positives constantly.
Just got this via email. Well that's great, just as I moved a high bandwidth client to them a couple months ago. I love the "if you don't like it feel free to cancel" in the email also. SMH.
Bit annoying that the word tariff differs between the continents. Was thinking it related to possible trade tariffs
I wonder why English decided to narrow its meaning. Well I guess a language doesn’t decide anything, but I think you know what I mean. In many EU countries it simply means “cost list” or “price list” which can be for import duties but also for a range of other things.

It’s very nice to have it called tariff in basically every EU country though. We get green energy tariffs and if it was called something different in each country they wouldn’t be fun.

Oh shit, did some VC or PrivEquity buy Hetzner? Will we have HWS soon?...
Am I calculating right that 20TB per month means around ~60Mbits per second for 24/7? Not a network expert, but it is hard to see how this could be sustainable for less than €5/month.

Sounds a bit like the usual case where company is able to give a generous offering because most customers utilize just a small portion of it. Maybe with the attention they have been getting, they have attracted more bandwidth hungry customers.

They already offer it on their European servers and it's still unchanged. Also, just because it's included doesn't mean everyone is using it to their full capacity.
Internet is much cheaper in Europe than in most other regions and there's more of it. Europe is effectively the center of the Internet. Most of the time (in regions like Asia-Pacific and Africa) this is simply due to having more time and money to build it, but when comparing Europe to the USA, it's probably because of regulatory structure - more competition, less monopolization.
What do you mean? Is peering/transit actually more expensive in the US? Residential internet isn't really relevant here, and if it was, it would still not really make sense considering that Germany (where they have their main datacenter) has much worse internet than the US according to most speed/bandwidth averages. Because if you are not referring to residential ISP, I don't think there's any peering/transit provider monopoly in the US
Yes. I suspect that because of the low number of residential ISPs there's less internet infrastructure in general and less competition. Who needs peering if there's only Comcast? You point out that networks can exist that don't serve residential customers, but who do they serve - mostly other networks which don't exist because they can't serve residential customers. The entire US is just the access region for a few networks to backhaul to NYC, Chicago and SF, not a full fledged network itself.
That is what they (explicitly) said in the email: users using next to no bandwidth were offsetting the costs for the heaviest users. That was no longer sustainable.
I think I'm missing something then. If that were true, wouldn't you lower the network allowance and then make the product cheaper or at least priced the same? This would have the no-traffic users paying "their fair share" and the overage costs (or higher traffic addon) would make up for the heavy users.

The current plan makes everything more expensive for everyone. They would do this if a) they never had a sustainable model in the first place or b) they were just being greedy

They recently entered the US market, so almost surely there was some honeymoon period (ie. investment to gain market share), but likely there's a significant difference between how the IXP/bandwidth/peering market works in the US compared to their home market (EU).
Pricing is fairly similar, particularly in ashburn. Europe can be a little cheaper, but usually not a massive amount in it.
Hm, interesting! Then probably lots of "bandwidth conscious" folks pounced on on their fancy new PoP.

Whatever the reason, rather strange to do this without even a few days of notice.

Is that much? I use a German competitor, Contabo, and they offer 32TB even with their entry-level VPS for 4.5€ plus taxes.
IIRC a while back one of the CDNs had a post about their transit costs; they worked out _way_ lower in Europe than in the US. I don’t think Hetzner Germany is increasing prices here, just the US one?
Oof, that reduction in bandwidth is huge.

Am I correct that this only applies to outgoing WAN traffic? Incoming/internal is still free?

That is correct, incoming traffic is still free
Was also disappointed after receiving this update today, price increases across the board and gone are the days of generous 20TB free traffic which we've been enjoying for over a decade. Our Hetzner VMs now limited to 1-3TB free traffic, feels like the end of an era.
This is only for USA, isn't it?
It was expected considering during the last year everyone on Twitter was shouting left and right that everyone should use Hetzner because it is cheap.

Yeah it was cheap - only because the demand was low and they were competing on price.

Now it will only go up.

Its still a really good price though.
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But, really? What are you doing, that your VMs need more than 1TB of data per month? That's a huge amount! That's 23MB per minute, continuously.

If you have a website with that kind of reach, the prices seem entirely reasonable.

I agree it is still reasonable.

But some examples of things that are profitable under the old regime, but maybe not at 20x the limit:

API services that consume media, whether to do some business logic specific thing or something specific, e.g. Transcriptions for videos, file conversion API, OCR API provider, etc.

If you try a video app without using WebRTC and peer traffic your bandwidth can blow up too. Even if you use something like push notifications with base64. There are lots of traps that use Bandwidth.

You can get pretty cheap servers with massive storage (2x2TB for example) and use them as backup targets.
We have about 50TB for about 500.000 users per month. Our Hetzner costs are about 2k per month. Similar setup at aws would cost us about 10 to 20k per month. No joke.
At least from that link, they are not talking about bandwidth, but included traffic.
That’s a bit harsh but probably for understandable reasons, I wonder if DHHs shoutout to Hetzner in his last demo had an effect.
A lot less bandwidth and higher prices with less than a week until it goes live. That's insane.
Less than a week for newly created resources. At least they’re allowing until February for existing resources.
I think this is fair. All their competitors have crazy pricing for bandwidth, so why should be they be generous ?
That's, non ironically, the answer

Pulling the price too low in comparison, let's say with AWS, will just make your life harder but will not squeeze them in any way

So it seems that trying to compete with duopoly isn't working.

Can we assume it is cause there is only few big corporations dominating internet infrastructure in US compared to EU with tons of medium sized and even small business that do it?

I would love some good read about US infrastructure, especially why costs are so high compared to EU?

Which duopoly are you thinking? AWS, GCP, Azure + smaller (still significant) Digital Ocean, Linode?
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So it seems that trying to compete with duopoly isn't working. Can we assume it is cause there is only few big corporations dominating internet infrastructure in US compared to EU with tons of medium sized and even small business that do it? I would love some good read about US infrastructure, especially why costs are so high compared to EU?
Seems like the companies in US trust AWS just in case and this too cheap german company is suspicious. I would take guess that those who actually use Hetzner in US use it solely to abuse the generous traffic and not care that much about compute. Where in EUrope many companies never jumped on AWS in the first place.
AWS, Microsoft, and even Google provide a lot of features large enterprises want. A cheaper competitor which expects you to build more of that yourself entails larger staffing costs and that’s going to sound riskier if you aren’t great at consistently delivering software projects.
The per capita GDP of Germany is $52,745.76. The US is $81,695.19. The EU as a whole is $43,194. Median household income is $38,971 in Germany and $80,610 in the US.

When people cost twice in one place versus another companies will focus on more expensive but less people intensive approaches.

However, we are also considering infrastructure costs. The median salary in Germany is approximately 60,000 USD, which should probably be taken into account when comparing company costs to those in the USA, which are around 70-80,000 USD.
> Median household income is $38,971 in Germany

That is a median "disposable income" (after taxes and transfers), which is not directly comparable to the US figure you cited (which is gross [before taxes]).

Is traffic generally much more expensive in the US than in Germany? This seems to be a US-only change and I'm wondering a bit about the reasoning here and whether to expect this to also change in other regions.
Not really, CDNs with regional pricing usually charge almost if not exactly the same amount for NA and EU traffic. It's the other regions that tend to be more expensive.

I wonder if this has anything to do with how Hetzner operates in each region, they run their own EU datacenters but AFAIK they just rent rack space in the US, so they're more at the mercy of upstream providers.

From Cloudflare blog about why EU prices are lower (around 50% cheaper than US at least according to cloudflare)

The value of an exchange depends on the number of networks that are a part of it. The Amsterdam Internet Exchange (AMS-IX), Frankfurt Internet Exchange (DE-CIX), and the London Internet Exchange (LINX) are three of the largest exchanges in the world.

In Europe, and most other regions outside North America, these and other exchanges are generally run as non-profit collectives set up to benefit their member networks. In North America, while there are Internet exchanges, they are typically run by for-profit companies. The largest of these for-profit exchanges in North America are run by Equinix, a data center company, which uses exchanges in its facilities to increase the value of locating equipment there. Since they are run with a profit motive, pricing to join North American exchanges is typically higher than exchanges in the rest of the world.

It sounds like I can just move my bandwidth hungry servers to europe and eat the latency penalty- is that a correct read?
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That's correct but assuming you want > 300 MB/s from EU to NA that will be a struggle.

If you don't care about high upload/download speed from/to NA<->EU then yes, that's a good move. Otherwise closeness in geo is still king.

As long as the link doesn't drop or reorder packets too badly a >300MB/s (or probably given we're talking about small virtual machines 300Mb/s) flow doesn't require much tuning. For a single long lived TCP connection allowing the window size to scale to ~2x the expected bandwidth delay product should be enough. So a simple things like large HTTP uploads or downloads will work fine once the congestion window has grown.

The real problem is going to be anything more complex than that. Most request-response protocols too chatty and won't send enough independent outstanding requests to fill up the bandwidth delay product of an intercontinental link which will kill the throughput. Also users don't like to wait for slow responses no matter what throughput you can sustain for large transfers.

Yes. And you're not even exploiting the system, just using it as it is - bandwidth really is cheaper over here.
> Until this change, customers who have used fewer resources have covered the costs, in a way, for other customers who have used much more resources.

That is utter nonsense. If the customers who are 'covering the costs' have a problem, they can move? Yet even still they are charging those SAME customers who now actually receive less resources, even if they were using them or not.

> That is utter nonsense.

Hardly. Some level of cross subsidisation happens in all service of this nature. Depending on use youre either paying or receiving

Most Providers and customers just ignore it as inconsequential though.

The reasoning the gave still doesn't pass the smell test. If it's as they say, then they wouldn't increase the price they would tariff the traffic. Like other providers.

Don't increase prices and claim it's to help the little guy.

The problem with their old pricing structure is that it attracts high-utilization customers who will max out their transfer every month. But yes, they raised prices for all of us. Their pricing was so low, my guess is it was never profitable enough to be worthwhile long-term. It brought them a lot of business, some of which they'd be happier without under the old terms.
Maybe that's exactly what happened. So now nobody is covering the free loaders and they need to charge them.