Ask HN: What skills do you want to develop or improve in 2025?

227 points by meridion ↗ HN
Thread for 2024: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38782613

Thread for 2023: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33873800

I'd like to take on VR dev alongside my existing journeys in computer graphics, iOS dev and Unreal Engine. A stretch goal would be setting up a blog to document my experiences in those journeys.

In terms of non-technical skills, I'm thinking of focusing on sales and marketing. Those are fundamental skills, without which any side project I do would be doomed to failure.

In terms of more creative skills, I have a few already in the "pipeline": a woobles kit to learn crocheting, a warhammer starter pack to learn miniature painting and a gunpla model kit to learn to properly assemble it.

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Writing. My ability to write is highly dependent on the context. I'm much better at essays than emails, and fiction is completely outside my abilities. I would also like to change my style a little to be less flowery and more succinct. More Paul Graham than purple prose.

Marketing. I'm hopeless at it, and I need to be at least OK at it in order for my project (https://nuenki.app) to succeed.

Time management. I'm very good at obsessing over one thing; less so at managing lots of different things that need to be round-robined.

Physics and maths! I'm in my gap year at the moment, but I want to be prepared for my physics degree next year. I'm already really quite rusty.

Git. I know enough to use it, but I've no clue what a rebase is, for example.

I've had a vague interest in 3D printing for a while, but I've recently been getting into DND and it might finally justify getting one. It seems like miniatures are best with resin printers though, while most other things aren't. I also hate painting things, so maybe it isn't worth it.

German! Nuenki has distracted me from it, but I ought to properly get back to it. It's just something I enjoy - I've discovered how much fun language learning is.

And a number of other things, but the list is already quite long and I should probably be enjoying Christmas instead of browsing HN :)

Ok, you say you are bad at marketing but the Nuenki homepage is one of the best I've seen. The product and benefits are so clearly explained. Well done.

You may eventually want a small project to create a recognizable logo (think how much mileage Duolingo has got from their little owl fellah).

One thing I often see with SaaS offerings is no clear & simple concept / theme that separates the free and paid plans of a service. For Nuenki I would just lean into "works on mobile" being the clear value you get from the paid plan. Hopefully over time you can bring it to more mobile platforms with a small app or something.

Congrats on what you've built and hope to see more growth in 2025! Great idea well executed.

The marketing trick that had the most impact on my mindset has been this article about how to structure landing pages https://marketingexamples.com/landing-page/guide.

If you didn't know about it already, I think that you could use it to tweak the Nuenki landing page, and you'll possibly have some aha moment that'll help in marketing down the line.

The site is solid, but as somebody who has also built a foreign language partial translation extension over a decade ago, there's a TON of competition in this area.

Off the top of my head, I can think of Langulearn, Language Immersion for Chrome, Polyglot, Alpharabius, Mind the Word, Gloss (I think defunct now though), and Toucan. These are all extension-based approaches and range from individual words to entire sentences.

> Marketing. I'm hopeless at it, and I need to be at least OK at it in order for my project (https://nuenki.app) to succeed.

This project looks great and the homepage does a great job at explaining what it does. Especially the slider. And it supports Firefox which is a rarity in this space. I think you should take pride in what you have accomplished from a communication perspective.

> Physics and maths! I'm in my gap year at the moment, but I want to be prepared for my physics degree next year. I'm already really quite rusty.

You should really check out Math Academy! It'll diagnose where your gaps are and build you up to all the math you need for a physics degree and then some [0].

[0] https://jonathanwhitmore.com/posts/2024-09-10-MathAcademy-af...

I'm just about finished Mathematical Foundations I on Math Academy:

95% finished

2950 XP

63 hours

I started October 21st and aimed for 60 XP a day, every day. I tended to miss one or two days a week (so the equivalent of a weekend), and I ended up having one period of 9 days I missed completely (last week).

One XP is supposed to be roughly 1 minute of work, so 63-(2950/60) means I've done 13 hours more work than I should've theoretically needed.

I found the course after looking up Hacker News recommendations for learning math. I had hoped to have gotten through the course faster, and I had wanted to be more consistent. I really wanted to grok the concepts and understand them with complete confidence, but don't feel total confidence in quite a few areas.

But ultimately, I'm very happy with this course. I struggle with consistency and underestimate time ranges (it feels like I've done MA for less than 6 hours, not more than 63), and it's got me interested in math again and given me the confidence to do other online courses after years of feeling behind and helpless. I did a SQLite course and I've been using those skills in a big way in two recent software projects.

- - -

My goal for early 2024 is to start and finish Foundations II, as well as independently learn mental math to a higher-than-average degree. I've felt the lack of clear mental math impeding my life as well as greatly slowing down my math progress, so I'd like to be able to understand numeric relationships on a more innate level. I'd also like to learn some graph theory and release my Unicode graph website in the next month!

Their discrete math course has some graph theory!

It should be coming out relatively soon.

I saw that! I just got to Fundamentals II today, after seeing what was in the diagnostics test, I'm really excited to keep going.
Thank you for the recommendation! I hadn't heard of Math Academy. "The Challenge: Knowledge Retention" sounds like precisely my problem. I'll try it out.
Would love to help you learn Git. What’s the best way to reach out?
I can't think of any effective marketing in my entire life that didn't involve repetition.

I think when people say they need to learn marketing they really mean they want to learn to skimp on spending on marketing.

Nothing anyone could come up with for 1 or 2 passes would really beat a white background with black text that just says https://nuenki.app that the target market sees 10 random times for 10 seconds.

I am hopeless at marketing because I think it is just that stupid at this scale of market size and being good at it goes against all my sensibilities.

I want to learn how to make fairly simple characters in blender, so that I can make more unique games, as opposed to using 100% pre-made assets.
If blender is a bit overwhelming for you (it was for me), give blockbench a try. I love how simple everything is, and you can always add plugins if you miss something. Its open-source too!
Thanks, that looks super useful for many of the projects I have in mind!
Marketing and sales, so this time I succeed with having paying customers in my next product :)

Any tips or resources for solo entrepreneurs is highly appreciated!

Same here! I really underestimated marketing. I've got a lot more respect for it now.

I assumed "build it and they will come" would work, and while there are definitely areas I could improve my product, the bottleneck for me is getting people to see it and try it. Once they're using the trial, I have an excellent conversion rate.

I've been running my brand of scented products and cosmetics (https://yuma.gr) for 2 years now. 2 months ago we completed a rebranding and we're steadily gaining national consumer awareness of our existence as a brand.

From the top of my head, in order of importance:

1. Your perspective is unique - no one else shares your exact point of view. Try everything.

2. Master digital marketing: Google & Facebook Ads, Server Side Tracking, Google Tag Manager, and Analytics. Recommended communities:

- reddit.com/r/PPC

- measure.chat

3. Keep creative talent in-house (designers, developers)

4. Study pricing psychology (eg. kolenda.io/guides/pricing)

5. Good books with warstories:

* Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion by Robert B. Cialdini

* The 22 Immutable Laws of Marketing & of Branding (2 separate books) by Al Ries

6. Learn accounting essentials, each country has its own system

7. Provide solid support via multiple channels (phone, email, chat, social etc)

Thanks! This is solid. Good luck with your store. Btw when I open the website, I’d expect it to show me English descriptions (ideally it recognizes my country)
Managing The Professional Service Firm by David Maister was recommended on HN for all entrepreneurs. It has a very practical and commonsense way of explaining how to approach all facets of a business and well worth reading.
Learning machine learning through maths and implementing some of the most common ML algorithms from scratch.

Writing technical blogs - I find it easy to write topics where there is no right or wrong, just a perspective. But would like to write some technical stuffs i learnt over the year.

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1. Your first one is also on my list.

2. I have written technical blogs and it is very rewarding when you see your article ranking at the top of Google, and people sharing it because it is genuinely useful.

I may have some advice here.

If you've never had a blog, you'll be surprised how easily you can rank in search engines and get visitors. Technical blogs that haven't been tainted by monetization aren't as many as you'd think. You probably see many of them here on HN, but in Google most websites fight to stay on top for major keywords to make money.

Furthermore, many experts don't write. You'll be amazed when you start seeing impressions in Google Search Console (their dashboard for search activity).

I highly recommend: - Setup the site quick, in an imperfect state - Post a few articles in an imperfect state - Install Google Search Console

Then follow the data in Search Console - you'll see which keywords and pages are getting traction. From there, keep posting what you think would be helpful for people like you.

That's really encouraging, I might start a blog as well.
Hey! Not sure if you're looking for recommendations, but Andrew Ng's original coursera course for Machine Learning is what you're looking for. I took the course back in 2015 but it's timeless, and gives you the algo and maths foundations you're looking for.
Pottery/ceramics throwing. I want to learn to make cups and plates. I'm tired of computers. I already know enough to be able to write useful programs and get the job done.
Marketing and sales, like everybody else. :)

Desktop application development. I want to make it as easy and fast to create desktop apps as it is to create a web app or a command line app.

Funny you mention that, while I know quite a few programming languages, I think most desktop applications that don't need a lot of bells and whistles, I'd probably make it with Pharo.

I haven't programmed in a while with Pharo but they have a built-in GUI framework. But there was also Bloc, if remember correctly.

Fun fact: you can then also ship the IDE itself with it, so people can hack into your application, if that's the sort of thing you'd want.

pharo is awesome. if i had any need for desktop applications, it's the first thing i'd try to use.
Mental endurance and discipline to better handle tasks that require sustained focus, especially those I instinctively resist or dismiss, whether because I dislike them or I downplay their importance. Examples are thinking through unfamiliar and difficult problems or reading dense documentation and contracts.

I also want to improve my prioritization skills to better judge which challenging tasks truly deserve my time and mental energy, and which ones don't.

I want to be bigger and fluffier.
Writing blog posts and being ok with them not being perfect.

I often have an idea for a post that would be interesting, but then as a learn more about the topic in order to write, I start to realize how much I don’t know. At this point, the post either dies or I spend way too long learning every irrelevant detail until I feel like I know enough.

So I think the skill I am trying to learn is writing as a non-expert. Learning to write in a tone that makes it ok to not know everything. Writing in a tone that conveys my experience and understanding, but doesn’t try to be an authority on the subject.

Writing is a tough skill!

I’ve been working on writing this year. It’s hard. I have countless posts or ideas for posts sitting there because I don’t like them for one reason or another.

For me I don’t collect metrics or really try to think that anyone might read a shred of it. I think that’s been helpful. And also just publish it. In the grand scheme it’s for you anyways to enjoy and develop. One piece of advice that I’ve gotten, is to commit to your points or idea. I think that’s can even include committing to uncertainty. You might need to revise it later, but done thoughtfully if you have readers, they should respect that. If not, well, without comments and metrics what does it matter?

Over the holiday break I’ve migrated to my own blog instead of a platform. So I’ve certainly found it enjoyable even if frustrating!

Who is your blog's target audience? I write https://www.curiosities.dev/ for myself. I'm a non-expert in all of the posts.

When I revisit old posts, I digest the information differently and add more explorations/questions. It's much easier to build upon scaffolding that's already there. Maybe in N years, I'll have something insightful to say about X, but I don't have to hold off writing anything until then -- incomplete notes and rephrasing of other people's ideas already benefit me now.

Personally I think that even if you don't know everything, just make clear what you are certain and uncertain about.

You probably know a lot, and what you write is still good as long as you don't spread misinformation. I have issues trusting most sources that are not clear about what they are uncertain about, cause most people are not experts.

Non-technical skills

* (Continue) Dancing - Beginning of 2023, I got into street style dance and movement (including stretching which I've done now for the past 223 days) helped me get through one of the most challenging periods of my life (i.e. divorced with a child, moved from U.S. to London to single raise my daughter). Dance has now taken its life of its own and I'm finding myself competing in dance "battles" as a way to test and grow my mental fortitude.

Technical skills

* UI Design - as a low level (i.e. C developer), I currently lack the skills to make my own little toy web apps more aesthetically pleasing for not just me, but to share with others

* Photography and videography - want to increase my current level(s) since I started a YouTube channel documenting my dance journey and also create little reels for community events

* (maybe) Rust or C++

[0] - Example of dance related YouTube shorts I make: https://youtube.com/shorts/cI2LAe-MMrw

Cool to see more dancers on HN! I'm gettin into it more myself, I was wondering if you could share the software you used in some of your shorts to practice dance?
Totally! Feel free to message me either on Instagram (@memattchung) or email: matt@mattchung.me

I'm assuming you are referring to the software that I wrote that blurts out certain (house dance) moves to help practice foundation and transitions?

> as a low level (i.e. C developer), I currently lack the skills to make my own little toy web apps more aesthetically pleasing for not just me, but to share with others

How did you get interested in opposite ends of the tech stack?

My career (over the span of 15 years) has been non-linear. I started with web development initially and slowly worked my way down the stack, writing C while at was at AWS (virtual private cloud).
I got into Dancing after a breakup as well.

I would advise to learn couple dancing as: * Zouk (and if you are already doing street style dance, you will love black zouk) * Bachata (there are so many Bachata dancers around the world, that any country or trip you do, you can go into Bachata socials and make local friends all over the world) * Tango (it is the hardest dance to learn, but it has the best connection of all)

And definetly go into dance congresses. There are multiple dance congresses on Europe, but if you can go to some of the best dance congresses like zoukmx or into brazilian zouk congresses during January in Rio de Janeiro, it will be a life experience.

Check on youtube "zoukmx social" and "black zouk"

Never thought I would see zoukMX mentioned on Hacker News. Funny, because I've signed up for next year for 1st time! Definitely recommend couple dancing in general as well and dance congresses. I've met so many people and shared so many experiences ever since I started dancing and going to congresses.
Would love to help you learn rust. What’s the best way to reach out?
Thanks so much for the thought! Email would be great: matt@mattchung.me

I also see your details in your HN profile so will ping you separately

Practical AI/ML, and not all the marketing buzz.

Does anyone know of a good “AI/ML for Dummies” … from the basics.

I do not want something that is just teaching me dozens of frameworks or toolkits.

Andrew Ng's courses tend to be widely recommended, including by someone I know who went from physics to ML.

This was pre-gpt-3.5 release. It's classical ML.

Definitely Andrew Ng's courses, especially for concrete explanations.
The two fast.ai courses end up implementing Stable Diffusion from scratch if that’s the sort of thing you are looking for.
I am no expert, but i found the following really helpful to understand AI/ML from the basics;

1) Neural Networks for Applied Sciences and Engineering by Sandhya Samarasinghe. Old book but great for understanding.

2) An Introduction to Statistical Learning: With Applications in R or Python by Hastie, Witten et al.

3) Any Statistics and Probability textbook should be at hand for reference.

I've been following Math Academy's Mathematics for Machine Learning Course and it has been great.
Did you start at that level or did you work up to it? I'm about to finish Fundamentals I and I'm curious what other people have to say about the site.
I started at that level. I studied mechanical engineering at university (bachelors and masters) and have been working as a SWE for four years so I have a strong base in mathematics (more so in calculus and linear algebra, a lot less in probability and statistics).

But the way the site works (as I'm sure you know) is that you take a placement test and then they build a knowledge graph taking into account what you know and what you don't know. So in theory, I should cover all of the subjects I am unfamiliar with.

So far I've been liking the site. It's worth noting that I enjoy math, so I have fun doing it every day and I really like the spaced repetition aspect. I've only been doing it for a month and probably won't be done with the course until March at my current rate. Perhaps my favourite aspect is that it does take the guess work out of self studying mathematics, which I find it be a more challenging subject to self-study compared to say programming. This does, of course, mean that you must trust the teachers behind the product quite well but I have taken the time to research the employees and founders behind the product and I was left impressed.

I'm not sure what my end goal with it is at the moment. I've been fortunate to work for a big tech company in a product software engineering role, which pays well, but I find it immensely boring. I'd love to move towards AI, but not sure if that will work out just yet.

How have you been finding it?

Thanks for the response. I've enjoying it and learning a lot. My base in math is a lot weaker though, so it's taken me quite a long time to get through even Fundementals I. I'm almost there. I went into more detail in another comment:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42509408#42519882

I'm planning on improving my mental math this year too which should help with the speed of the more concrete problems. I love algorithm design so having a stronger base in math will be a big help.

I just want to do more math.
How to parent/be a parent. I don’t have much choice in the matter, as my firstborn is coming this spring ^_^
Congratulations just had mine a few months ago so this is certainly the skill I’m working on!

Other than that sharpen guitar skills, linear algebra, and as a rubyist thinking about doing something in elixir. But we will see how the time allotment goes with an infant part of the program now.

Just read the manual that comes with the child. /s

All kidding aside, my kids are 16 and 19 and I am still trying to figure it out.

Pretty sure it is a journey and not a destination.

we found that manual in "the baby book" by william and martha sears. it was really helpful in the first few years. the book promotes the idea of attachment parenting, which i feel is the right approach. but any parent should decide that for themselves. the general rule for parenting advice though is to only apply advice that makes sense to you. don't let anyone pressure you into doing anything you don't agree with.

i think you'll never stop figuring things out as your kids grow. not with the first few anyways. i guess repetition only comes in with the fourth child or so ;-)

When I was a young parent, there were moments when I would have strong feelings of inadequacy and feeling paralyzed about what I should do and what I should not do. The most calming thought I had at the time was to remind myself that humans have been parenting for thousands and thousands of years and that I would consider myself to have higher than average intelligence and at least average societal training (through observation of others) about how to care for infants.
New parent here !

Best book hands down - “Be prepared A practical Handbook for new Dads” It’s funny and short and every page is insightful. And you will lol while reading it.

Pathways.org - Great app that suggests activities for right age. And it’s free.

Do you have any other advice that was not covered in that book that you think would be helpful to know about for a first time parent?
Same here but within a few weeks :)
One of the skills I already have is the ability to work with difficult people or take on projects that need to be rescued and turn them around. That has been a valuable skill and has allowed me to develop a brand around it.

However, that doesn't mean that I enjoy working with difficult people or cleaning up other people's messes. I find those people just as off-putting as everyone else; I just happen to be better at masking it. And I find cleaning up messes just as tedious and challenging as everyone else; I just happen to be able to do it anyway.

So I think one of the skills I want to better develop in 2025 is being able to strike a better balance between the things I'm recognized for being good at and the things I actually enjoy doing.

(And if anyone has tips for how to make use of this skill set in a way that's genuinely fulfilling rather than draining, I'm all ears!)

I can’t believe I’m saying this, but it sounds like you should look into stoic philosophy. I think it is overly hyped, and actually caused me some damage when I applied it too much, for too long, but definitely one of several worthwhile perspectives to have deeply internalized.
I use this same (or similar) skill to solve the unsolvable problems by listening to a customers needs, which usually somebody hasn't done by the time they get to me, and then work on fulfilling that need in a way the customer never would have expected. It's very rewarding and turns a negative interaction into a positive one. It's customer service 101 type stuff, but when you get the technical side involved, and you're competent, you become more than a punching bag and become the solution. It's so fun.
Those are great skills. Would another course of action work for you ? For example selecting projects that bring more money, so as to spend less time on those boring projects (saved time could be used on things you enjoy then)
Isn't it fulfilling already because you get things done where others may fail? Also how do you do it? I'd love any tip you may have.
Maybe work with difficult high performers? Talented people who are difficult because they're brash rather than untalented people who are difficult because they're messy.
> One of the skills I already have is the ability to work with difficult people or take on projects that need to be rescued and turn them around.

That is one damn good Superpower! Develop it further and charge/ask more for the job. Advertise it in big bold letters to management/clients/everybody. As you say, that is your "brand".

> And if anyone has tips for how to make use of this skill set in a way that's genuinely fulfilling rather than draining, I'm all ears!

Do not let the above take over your life. Practice detachment via "Self-Distancing" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distancing_(psychology)) and drop it from your mind/consciousness when not working. Also see;

Self-Distancing: What It Is and How You Can Use It to Make Better Decisions - https://effectiviology.com/self-distancing-rational-decision...

> work with difficult people

My strategy, to avoid getting frustrated, is usually to work around them or not take them seriously, rather than work with them. I speak from experience (generally a people pleaser).

That said, sometimes people feel difficult at first, but after giving what they say or do some thought, it starts to make sense.

I am retiring from tech after 20 years and embarking on a new career which requires intensive schooling. As a high school and college drop out, I will need to learn how to study again, and want to be as efficient as possible so that I may still spend ample time with my family. Any tips greatly appreciated!
Sounds like the Learning How To Learn course on Coursera was made for you. Good luck on your new pursuit!
I would look up how medical students use Anki.

The efficient part would be learning to make cards and decks efficiently.

I can't imagine going back to school and not using Anki.

entrepreneurship

To leave the rat race.

become a freelancer and build interesting sideprojects that you can try to monetize. in a startup, especially one that needs VC funding, the ratrace is replaced with a fox race, but you are the rabbit.
just be aware, entrepreneurship is the rat race but harder (for the average entrepreneur who doesn't "make it"). Its very rewarding though if you have the head for it
In the beginning of the day, don’t look at phone or computer. Avoid news especially, and instead write thoughts, draw something, work on a song, make something, anything. Don’t let day get sucked away with things that can’t be controlled.

Excercise every day with “scientific 7 minute workout”. Also 20–40 minute walks or 100 basketball jump-shots.

Draw daily, even a 5 minute drawing.

Write daily, even for 5 minutes.

Publish first original song, publish first EP. Learn a new song or practice one or two from existing set. Keep learning piano by learning songs you like: https://hypertexthero.com/piano/

Write postcards to people.

Set up a weekly “office hours” livestream to help people with design or technical computer issues.

> Don't look at the phone or computer in the morning

Avoiding wasting time is okayish but it pales in comparison to the state where you are naturally drawn to doing things that you consider to be more important.

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Honestly i think these are the same though. I'm never _less_ drawn to doing important things than when i watch youtube for the first hour or two of the day. Starting the day with a complete dopamine dump (i don't know if it's correct physiologically but it feels like it) really kills motivation and thus avoiding it really makes the day productive. Since I've noticed in myself, it make a lot bigger difference than one might assume
I would agree that watching phone in the morning tends to make things worse but avoiding it does not automatically lead to being productive. For me at least.
I'm of two minds here.

On one hand, I absolutely agree that you should try to focus on maximizing the positive aspects of your life rather than overly focus on beating down the negatives. For instance, I'm happiest when I'm taking a lot of recreational classes outside of work, and when I'm doing that - my phone usage is not a problem - it's a fine way to spend my limited free time because I'm already doing the things I love.

On the other hand, in the morning especially it feels like looking at my phone can kinda derail my day sometimes. So I download Opal and just set a hard block (impossible to skip) from 9:55pm - 9:35am, that way I'm able to use my phone during the day, but not the very first thing in the day. I find that works well for me.

You, sir or madam, should probably focus on one habit at a time. To focus on everything is to focus on nothing. I say this from experience. I can maintain progress on a few things, but as soon as it increases beyond a few things I lose all of them.
I try to do one of the above at a time, and not all at once, though it can be difficult :-D Life’s not so long and I’m interested in lots of things.

Jack-of-all-trades, master of none here, which can be useful, too!

does this scientific 7 minute workout work?
Has worked for me.

It’s boring and difficult at first, but clears sinuses, gives energy, and a good endorphin mood boost to start the day.

A 20–40 minute fast walk is good, too.

What is the workout you do?
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/well/workouts/

More info: https://www.healthline.com/health/fitness/7-minute-workout

10 second break between each of these:

Jumping jacks (30 seconds)

Wall sit (30 seconds)

Pushups (30 seconds)

Crunches (30 seconds)

Step-up onto chair, alternating legs (30 seconds)

Squats (30 seconds)

Triceps dips, using a chair or bench (30 seconds)

Forearm plank (30 seconds)

High-knees or running in place (30 seconds)

Lunges, alternating legs (30 seconds)

Pushups with rotation, alternating sides (30 seconds)

Side plank (30 seconds)

Effective multiple team management. Keeping multiple teams of developers effective, motivated, and pointed in the right direction in a deadline oriented project (enterprise consulting) is almost impossibly hard. Way harder than any technical skill I’ve ever encountered.
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* I want to learn how to make a game from beginning to end.

* Math. Got two books to refresh my skills.

* Improve my parenting.

* Get back to sxratchin (turntables) and making beats.

* Put my work out.