Basin amplification refers to the phenomenon where seismic waves are intensified as they pass through sedimentary basins, typically causing stronger ground motions than would otherwise occur. This effect is particularly pronounced in regions like Bangkok, which is situated in the Chao Phraya River Basin—an area underlain by soft, sedimentary layers. When seismic waves encounter these soft materials, lower frequency waves can resonate, leading to amplified shaking in structures above. The mechanics behind this amplification stem largely from the interaction of seismic waves with the geological structure of the basin. In studies of past earthquakes, recorded peak ground accelerations (PGA) within the Bangkok basin have consistently surpassed 1 cm/s² during significant seismic events. This amplification can lead to severe structural damage, even hundreds of kilometers away from the quake's epicenter.