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This guy always has an unreal amount of engineering lift for hobby videos. A treat to watch every time.
Pity it won't work for chocolate holograms.
Could this be used to make a diffraction grating on PMMA?
I don't think so, but corrections are welcome.

It's also mentioned in another comment and (I think) the video about how it wouldn't work in chocolate. As it works creating oxide layers, not a diffraction structure:

If you try it directly on PMMA it won't create a diffraction structure, but a kinda slightly melted surface. I don't know if etching would be possible with enough precision on PMMA.

If you do it on steel and use it as a mold to pour (?) PMMA, as people do with chocolate and diffraction grates on plastic, there's no structure to transfer.

That's much better results than mine!

I notice a similar 'holographic' effect when coloring titanium a couple weeks back, and experimented with getting them dialed in along the same lines as this video. I didn't have nearly as much success, despite the underlying physics being similar. My guess is that the much lower thermal conductivity of titanium causes a lot more smudging than on stainless, which makes the grating effect less pronounced.

One interesting thing I noted with Ti is that satin finished Ti (media blasted with 500 grit glass media) won't take a color from electrocoloring, but will from MOPA laser coloring. Not nearly as nice as polished Ti, but still there. Given that they are such similar processes (growing a set thickness oxide layer), its somewhat surprising to see different results.

I guess I'm going to have to experiment on some polished 304.

Maybe you're melting the metal surface flat before the oxide forms on top of it?
I'm confused by the authors description of holograms and my own understanding. He starts to go down a path of holographic "pixels," but whai I know about holograms is that the holographic image doesn't have such a concept - the image is delocalized.

There have been some successful attempts at handmade holograms[1] that I wonder how the video creator could adapt.

1. http://amasci.com/amateur/holo1.html

I suspect that the idea is that the simple way to etch a hologram in the surface is to have a set of holographic picture elements(pixels) where each element hologram would get etched for each pixel in the source image.

It also sounds like this was a minor side experiment and found not to work as expected so not much further effort was put into it.

I think he's thinking like lenticular images which are often described as 'holograms', since the apparent color changes with the viewing angle like with the lenticular images.
YouTube wouldn't show me this video using Firefox, even with uBlock Origin disabled:

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But it would show me the video using Chromium, without an account configured.