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If there really is enough market demand for this kind of processor, it seems like someone like NEC who still makes vector processors would be better poised than a startup rolling RISC-V
Servethehome[1] does a bit of a better job describing what maverick-2 is and why it makes sense.

[1]https://www.servethehome.com/nextsilicon-maverick-2-brings-d...

Thats a fairly specialized chip and requires a bunch of custom software. The only way it can run apps unmodified is if the math libraries have been customized for this chip. If the performance is there, people will buy it.

For a minute I thought maybe it was Risc-V with a big vector unit, but its way different from that.

They've got a "Mill Core" in there- is the design related to the Mill Computing design?
https://archive.is/6j2p4

I can't access the page directly, because my browser doesn't leak enough identifying information to convince Reuters I'm not a bot, but an actual bot is perfectly capable of accessing the page.

Sounds like an idea that would really benefit from a JIT-like approach to basically every software.
You can indeed and should assume there is a heavy JIT component to it. At the same time, it is important to note that this is geared for already highly parallel code.

In other words, while the JIT can be applied to all code in principle, the nature of accelerated HW is that it makes sense where embarrassingly parallel workloads are around.

Having said that, NextSilicon != GPU, so different approach to acceleration of said parallel code.

Curious if the architecture is similar to what is called “systolic” as in the Anton series of supercomputers: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_(computer)
I spent a lot of time on systolic arrays to compute crypto currency POW (Blake 2 specifically). It’s an interesting problem and I learned a lot but made no progress. I’ve often wondered if anyone has done the same?
I was an architect on the Anton 2 and 3 machines - the systolic arrays that computed pairwise interactions were a significant component of the chips, but there were also an enormous number of fairly normal looking general-purpose (32-bit / 4-way SIMD) processor cores that we just programmed with C++.
Not really. I work for NextSilicon. It's a data-flow oriented design. We will eventually have more details available that gradually explain this.
The other company I can think of focusing on F64 is Fujitsu with its A64FX processor. This is an ARM64 with really meaty SIMD to get 3TFLOP of FP64.

I guess it it hard to compare chip for chip but the question is, if you are building a supercomputer (and we ignore pressure to buy sovereign) then which is better bang for the buck on representative workloads?

If Fujitsu only releases one processor every 8 years they're going to be behind for most of the time.
All processors are inherently behind. First research comes out or standards are made, then much time later silicon is fabbed. For example, pcie gen 6 was ratified years ago, but there's nothing I've seen that uses it. Maybe you could argue that their silicon is behind others' but it's all about what their market is and what their customers are demanding.
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I find it helpful to read a saxpy and GEMM kernel for a new accelerator like this - do they have an example?
Even if the hardware is really good, the software should be even better if they want to succeed.

Support for operating systems, compilers, programming languages, etc.

This is why a Raspberry Pi is still so popular even though there are a lot of cheaper alternatives with theoretically better performance. The software support is often just not as good.

I definitely expect this to be a big hit.

In a way, this is not new, it’s pretty much what annapurna did: they took ARM and got serious with it, creating the first high performance arm cpus. Then they got acqui-hired by amazon and the rest is history ;)

I don’t want my electronics to contribute to genocide and apartheid and possibly the next pager exploding terror attack. No thanks.
I have designed software for a lot of exotic compute silicon, including systems that could be described similar to this one. My useless superpower is that I am good at designing excellent data structures and algorithms for almost any plausible computing architecture.

From a cursory read-through, it isn’t clear where the high-leverage point is in this silicon. What is the thing, at a fundamental level, that it does better than any other silicon? It seems pretty vague. I’m not saying it doesn’t have one, just that it isn’t obvious from the media slop.

What’s the specific workload where I can abuse any other silicon at the same task if I write the software to fit the silicon?

I'm personally boycotting Israeli companies for obvious reasons.