We found that many multi-agent / multi-module systems share the same hidden structure:
their safety doesn’t come from complex Lyapunov conditions but from one exact budget inequality.
If each component “respects” the shared boundary, the whole system is safe — and this condition is necessary, sufficient, and Σ₁-verifiable (pure rational arithmetic, no heuristics).
It turns invariance from a black art into a simple checkable rule.
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