Show HN: SHDL – A minimal hardware description language built from logic gates (github.com)

48 points by rafa_rrayes ↗ HN
Hi, everyone!

I built SHDL (Simple Hardware Description Language) as an experiment in stripping hardware description down to its absolute fundamentals.

In SHDL, there are no arithmetic operators, no implicit bit widths, and no high-level constructs. You build everything explicitly from logic gates and wires, and then compose larger components hierarchically. The goal is not synthesis or performance, but understanding: what digital systems actually look like when abstractions are removed.

SHDL is accompanied by PySHDL, a Python interface that lets you load circuits, poke inputs, step the simulation, and observe outputs. Under the hood, SHDL compiles circuits to C for fast execution, but the language itself remains intentionally small and transparent.

This is not meant to replace Verilog or VHDL. It’s aimed at: - learning digital logic from first principles - experimenting with HDL and language design - teaching or visualizing how complex hardware emerges from simple gates.

I would especially appreciate feedback on: - the language design choices - what feels unnecessarily restrictive vs. educationally valuable - whether this kind of “anti-abstraction” HDL is useful to you.

Repo: https://github.com/rafa-rrayes/SHDL

Python package: PySHDL on PyPI

To make this concrete, here are a few small working examples written in SHDL:

1. Full Adder

component FullAdder(A, B, Cin) -> (Sum, Cout) {

    x1: XOR; a1: AND;
    x2: XOR; a2: AND;
    o1: OR;

    connect {
        A -> x1.A; B -> x1.B;
        A -> a1.A; B -> a1.B;

        x1.O -> x2.A; Cin -> x2.B;
        x1.O -> a2.A; Cin -> a2.B;
        a1.O -> o1.A; a2.O -> o1.B;

        x2.O -> Sum; o1.O -> Cout;
    }
}

2. 16 bit register

# clk must be high for two cycles to store a value

component Register16(In[16], clk) -> (Out[16]) {

    >i[16]{
        a1{i}: AND;
        a2{i}: AND;
        not1{i}: NOT;
        nor1{i}: NOR;
        nor2{i}: NOR;
    }
    
    connect {
        >i[16]{
            # Capture on clk
            In[{i}] -> a1{i}.A;
            In[{i}] -> not1{i}.A;
            not1{i}.O -> a2{i}.A;
            
            clk -> a1{i}.B;
            clk -> a2{i}.B;
            
            a1{i}.O -> nor1{i}.A;
            a2{i}.O -> nor2{i}.A;
            nor1{i}.O -> nor2{i}.B;
            nor2{i}.O -> nor1{i}.B;
            nor2{i}.O -> Out[{i}];
        }
    }
}

3. 16-bit Ripple-Carry Adder

use fullAdder::{FullAdder};

component Adder16(A[16], B[16], Cin) -> (Sum[16], Cout) {

    >i[16]{ fa{i}: FullAdder; }

    connect {
        A[1] -> fa1.A;
        B[1] -> fa1.B;
        Cin -> fa1.Cin;
        fa1.Sum -> Sum[1];

        >i[2,16]{
            A[{i}] -> fa{i}.A;
            B[{i}] -> fa{i}.B;
            fa{i-1}.Cout -> fa{i}.Cin;
            fa{i}.Sum -> Sum[{i}];
        }

        fa16.Cout -> Cout;
    }
}

14 comments

[ 5.0 ms ] story [ 31.0 ms ] thread
Kind of a wild idea, but have you considered using this as a markup language for logic diagrams? I'm thinking something like mermaid - https://mermaid.js.org/ While this might not be super useful for chip design, it is a fully functional HDL, and since it is gate level, it would map nicely to diagrams.
That is a very interesting idea! Tbh, I have been thinking about something along those lines. I was messing around with gemini 3.0 back when it came out and made this program called Logic Lab (https://logiclab-227111532364.us-west1.run.app/). I was thinking of exporting/importing the components as SHDL, but as of rn they are just exported in some generic format gemini made.
I thought the opposite. Use mermaid as the HDL language. Draw the diagram, then synthesis.
If you are just interested in a structural description (so-called netlist) the standard is EDIF.
Looks cool and can be useful for its stated purpose. You mention simulation, is there a way to specify and simulate time delays?
Real nice project!

If you removed the explicit declaration of every gate in a preamble and then their wiring as a separate step, you could reduce the boilerplate a lot. This example could look like this:

  component FullAdder(A, B, Cin) -> (Sum, Cout)
  {
    A XOR B -> AxB
    A AND B -> AB

    AxB XOR Cin -> S
    (AxB AND Cin) OR AB -> C

    Sum: S
    Cout: C
  }
My biggest complaint is there's no way to name a signal because a wire isn't a thing. You instance gates and give those names, but wires are anonymous connections between gate pins.

I think this is backwards. Knowing that a signal is the clock, reset, data valid, adder result is far more important than the gate that drove it. The gates barely need names. Sadly, I think starting with that concept leads to a rather different language.

Both are important. Signals represent the data being worked on, and thus naming them can be useful.

But gates apply operations/functions to those signals, and naming that logic clarifies its purpose.

Dumb question: how do I load this onto an ICE40?
The project looks great! I browsed the codebase and enjoyed how much documentation there is about the user-facing and internal workings. I'm not familiar with the subject matter but I do love me a DSL, so the language design aspect was interesting to learn about.

I was curious how the language compiles to C, what the resulting code does, and how one interacts with it. It took a while of reading to find it, so maybe this could be linked from places where compilation is mentioned. This part is my favorite, it's cool how it works. Especially since you mention "anti-abstraction", I like seeing how the DSL maps to C.

https://github.com/rafa-rrayes/SHDL/blob/master/docs/docs/ar...

> Compiles circuits to C so that they can run anywhere

Input (Base SHDL):

  component Buffer(A) -> (B) { 
      n1: NOT; 
      n2: NOT;

      connect { 
          A -> n1.A; 
          n1.O -> n2.A; 
          n2.O -> B; 
      } 
  }
Output (C code):

  #include <stdint.h>
  #include <string.h>

  typedef struct {
      uint64_t NOT_O_0;
  } State;

  static inline State tick(State s, uint64_t A) {
      State n = s;
      
      // NOT gate inputs
      uint64_t NOT_0_A = 0ull;
      NOT_0_A |= ((uint64_t)-( (A & 1u) )) & 0x1ull;
      NOT_0_A |= ((uint64_t)-( ((s.NOT_O_0 >> 0) & 1u) )) & 0x2ull;
      
      // Evaluate NOT gates
      n.NOT_O_0 = (~NOT_0_A) & 0x3ull;  // 2 active lanes
      
      return n;
  }

  static inline uint64_t extract_B(const State *s) {
      return (s->NOT_O_0 >> 1) & 1ull;  // B from lane 1
  }

  ...