Ask HN: How to measure the energy impact of a website in Linux

Today I noticed that Firefox is showing a speaker icon all the time. Closing my pinned tans one by one showed that it's because of ChatGPT.

Now I had this question: does it really impact my battery life?

I can't rely only on the CPU energy. Maybe keeping an Audio pathway causes other hardware components to be unnecessarily active.

One way I could think of is to run on battery, and compare how fast it discharges with and without the tab open.

Are there other ways to reliably measure energy usage and narrow it down to individual processes/tabs?