I don't really understand what problem this is meant to solve at first glance. It'd be nice to see a simple example program involving concurrency written in plain Python, then a discussion of the annoying bookkeeping involved in avoiding concurrency errors and what traps would be easy to fall into, and then an example of how the same thing would be implemented using Lingua Franca and an explanation of how eliminates the bookkeeping and traps.
Can you explain what the examples are showcasing? I looked at the Audio and Webserver examples. They give the LF syntax for doing something that is easier to do directly in Python. I'm missing the advantages of LF and why you'd want to do this in the first place.
One example (Carla) showcases asynchronous components. In a game, you can write a big, single threaded loop, but that means that all components must be ready to produce the next frame, so you either reduce the frame rate to give them more time, or you cut the heavy computational parts. When you run each component asynchronously, e.g. the model might update at a higher rate than the frame renderer, leading to a more accurate simulation, or vice versa, giving a better frame rate when the simulator stutters.
Now think more complex, like a factory. If you run a system with many inputs, distributed to multiple monitors and controllers, this approach looks very interesting. If you want to add some extra monitor, e.g. to compare the output of a controller with some other state, it's really easy to add.
It's not magic, of course. You still need to think about what you're doing...
I think the main example on the landing page is a bit counterintuitive?
Rock Paper Scissors but the graph presents the reveal as a reaction to the observation? In a loop? And somewhere there's a min-delay of a magical 1 sec? Why 1 sec and not 0.1 sec? Can this build up and the players get out of sync? (A bit strange to 'just wait, lol' if the language aims at solving problems in distributed systems).
Overall the example would be better if it separated the game from the players and also split out the repeat loop.
Maybe let both player reveal to a host and then receive a result (and the choices) ~ This way both players can be sure that the choice of the other player is independent of the observation.
(I know that the example is 'correct' in that the choice is made independent of the observation but I think the example could be improved if it solved some of the coordination problems involved in the scenario more cleanly through code architecture).
Overall I quite like the idea of having this polyglot meta language!
I like that the code example seems to indicate they took the concept of "ports" from flow-based programming, which might be one of it's absolute strongest points:
That is, enabling data flow connections between individual inputs/outputs, and not just between components, which otherwise is too limiting, and typically causes a lot of extra syntax to handle that routing otherwise.
I think you are right, and I should have done a search on that before. Found now that FBP inventor cites someone Weinberg from 1975 about them (though FBP is supposed to be from around 69-70, so might be a somewhat parallel discovery):
> Now what are "IN" and "OUT" that our pseudocode receives IPs from and sends them to? They are not the names of connections, as this would tie a component's code to one place in the network, but are things called "ports". "Portae" means "gates" in Latin, and ports (like seaports) can be thought of as specific places in a wall or boundary where things or people go in or out. Weinberg (1975) describes a port as
"... a special place on the boundary through which input and output flow... Only within the location of the port can the dangerous processes of input and output take place, and by so localizing these processes, special mechanisms may be brought to bear on the special problems of input and output."
Still, I'm amazed at how it took so long before they became mainstream in data flow oriented libraries and DSLs.
And it seems J.P. Morrison was also highlighting Named ports as particularly useful, which is also perhaps what I should have highlighted in my initial comment above.
It's gotten better lately it seems, but a lot of tools skipped that part, which now requires tons of specialized syntax just for routing of multiple parallel streams.
I'm not trying to be pedantic, but they're different words, and (esp. considering how capable our community is when it comes to logic and precision with programming languages) I find it strange how often this "it's / its" error is repeated. Calling it out in hopes of helping others get it right.
There's nothing strange about how often this error is repeated. It is a fault in the "design" of the English language, which violates its own rules, insofar as it has any. Apostrophes are used for both possessives and contractions, eg. "That's John's ball". Indeed possessive "it's" was historically written with the apostrophe. That the apostrophe was dropped to become possessive "its" is completely arbitrary special-case logic, and given that there is no logic behind which it was dropped from, it is easily subject to confusion because you cannot reason about which is which if you forget in the moment.
I really don't think it's an issue with how the language is structured. I think it's more an issue of posters using mobile devices and not spending a lot of time copyediting their comments. It surprises me how many users on here shamelessly post mobile-subdomain links, rather than the desktop ones that only redirect to mobile if you're on a phone.
was this discussion not about apostrophes? but yes, different sets of pronouns work differently. more to the point, those different ways are not confusingly akin to contractions.
Yea, I think I kind of know this in theory, but tend to mix them up sometimes as a non-native English speaker. Good to try to iron out those common mistakes though for sure.
This project lacks a compelling sales pitch. It mentions that LF is better than actors but I also don't see no reason to believe that.
It does offer a deep dive into what reactors are but why would I bother to learn? If OP reads my comment, that's what I would add to this landing page. Show me why the alternatives mentioned are inferior.
It appears to be deterministic in a static structure. If your program adds and deletes actors, then LF has problems. It tries to get around this with modes.
Sim-Diasca is an Erlang simulation system that implements the superdense time step mechanism used in LF via distributed time managers and a global barrier which gives repeatable results.
I wonder, if there is so long research, why you have not come to conclusion that the main problem is not reactor/proactor/event loop, but writing actual asynchronous business logic. The industry has gone mostly coroutine approach, requiring special technology support and usually with lack of fine predictable execution and stack control for mission-critical cases.
That's the reason why FutoIn AsyncSteps exists as concept and reference implementation in C++, Java and JS/ECMAScript. It is compatible with foreign reactors by design via AsyncTool interface.
Your use of the word "Reactor" at first confused me since there is a "Reactor Pattern" for event handling (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactor_pattern) which is not what you mean.
How does your concurrency model differ from that of Erlang (the poster child for distributed concurrency)? Do you have a paper detailing your model and comparing with other languages?
I recently read Roman Obermaisser's book "Event-Triggered and Time-Triggered Control Paradigms" which seems applicable to your architecture. At the bottom most level you have a global communication network based on a synchronized global clock and "Time-Triggered"(TT) semantics which is deterministic. A "Event-Triggered"(ET) communication channel is then built on top of it which is non-deterministic. That way the system provides both hard real-time (i.e. TT) and soft real-time (i.e. ET) semantics.
Seriously, it's long and still common, even in the context of computing, even in programming languages. Why would you choose a long name with two words and then not choose something somewhat unique? Such a horrible decision.
Really sad given that otherwise this seems like one of the more interesting new languages I've seen on HN.
Title is incorrect of course, it is: "Intuitive concurrent programming in a separate language than the one you use for the actual work"
... which is not to say it's irrelevant, but still: Why is it worthwhile to have a separate language for this, rather than some library with bindings in various languages?
If you like the idea and work in robotics try out copper-rs, it works on the same underpinning concept but at compile time in rust + a graph description.
The latest addition to the kernel is a profile guided scheduling feature that allows you to optimize the concurrency of the graph still at compile time based on previous timing measurements from its deterministic logs.
40 comments
[ 1.5 ms ] story [ 22.2 ms ] threadNow think more complex, like a factory. If you run a system with many inputs, distributed to multiple monitors and controllers, this approach looks very interesting. If you want to add some extra monitor, e.g. to compare the output of a controller with some other state, it's really easy to add.
It's not magic, of course. You still need to think about what you're doing...
Rock Paper Scissors but the graph presents the reveal as a reaction to the observation? In a loop? And somewhere there's a min-delay of a magical 1 sec? Why 1 sec and not 0.1 sec? Can this build up and the players get out of sync? (A bit strange to 'just wait, lol' if the language aims at solving problems in distributed systems).
Overall the example would be better if it separated the game from the players and also split out the repeat loop.
Maybe let both player reveal to a host and then receive a result (and the choices) ~ This way both players can be sure that the choice of the other player is independent of the observation.
(I know that the example is 'correct' in that the choice is made independent of the observation but I think the example could be improved if it solved some of the coordination problems involved in the scenario more cleanly through code architecture).
Overall I quite like the idea of having this polyglot meta language!
Still a million times better than the current Go landing page, and I am saying that as a huge fan of Go.
Wrote about it in the context of workflow systems way back (https://livingsystems.cc/posts/workflows-dataflow-not-task-d...)
In addition, connectors also become structured.
Objective-Smalltalk uses polymorphic connectors to adaptively and mostly automatically choose the level of granularity you want to operate at.
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3689492.3690052
> Now what are "IN" and "OUT" that our pseudocode receives IPs from and sends them to? They are not the names of connections, as this would tie a component's code to one place in the network, but are things called "ports". "Portae" means "gates" in Latin, and ports (like seaports) can be thought of as specific places in a wall or boundary where things or people go in or out. Weinberg (1975) describes a port as
"... a special place on the boundary through which input and output flow... Only within the location of the port can the dangerous processes of input and output take place, and by so localizing these processes, special mechanisms may be brought to bear on the special problems of input and output."
https://www.jpaulmorrison.com/fbp/concepts_book.shtml
Still, I'm amazed at how it took so long before they became mainstream in data flow oriented libraries and DSLs.
And it seems J.P. Morrison was also highlighting Named ports as particularly useful, which is also perhaps what I should have highlighted in my initial comment above.
It's gotten better lately it seems, but a lot of tools skipped that part, which now requires tons of specialized syntax just for routing of multiple parallel streams.
---
Thank you for kind words!
I'm not trying to be pedantic, but they're different words, and (esp. considering how capable our community is when it comes to logic and precision with programming languages) I find it strange how often this "it's / its" error is repeated. Calling it out in hopes of helping others get it right.
- Its favorite color is blue. The ball is its
- Her favorite color is blue. The ball is hers
Which - just adds to the inconsistency.
I’m trying to be pedantic and calling this out in the hopes of helping you get it right.
On the bright side, this has finally given me the push to disable auto-correction.
And right on about disabling auto-correction.
It does offer a deep dive into what reactors are but why would I bother to learn? If OP reads my comment, that's what I would add to this landing page. Show me why the alternatives mentioned are inferior.
Sim-Diasca is an Erlang simulation system that implements the superdense time step mechanism used in LF via distributed time managers and a global barrier which gives repeatable results.
Your use of the word "Reactor" at first confused me since there is a "Reactor Pattern" for event handling (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactor_pattern) which is not what you mean.
How does your concurrency model differ from that of Erlang (the poster child for distributed concurrency)? Do you have a paper detailing your model and comparing with other languages?
I recently read Roman Obermaisser's book "Event-Triggered and Time-Triggered Control Paradigms" which seems applicable to your architecture. At the bottom most level you have a global communication network based on a synchronized global clock and "Time-Triggered"(TT) semantics which is deterministic. A "Event-Triggered"(ET) communication channel is then built on top of it which is non-deterministic. That way the system provides both hard real-time (i.e. TT) and soft real-time (i.e. ET) semantics.
Seriously, it's long and still common, even in the context of computing, even in programming languages. Why would you choose a long name with two words and then not choose something somewhat unique? Such a horrible decision.
Really sad given that otherwise this seems like one of the more interesting new languages I've seen on HN.
... which is not to say it's irrelevant, but still: Why is it worthwhile to have a separate language for this, rather than some library with bindings in various languages?
"in any language", but then the page says "We currently support C, C++, Python, TypeScript, and Rust."
"Lingua Franca is a coordination language" but then "Not a New Programming Language".
I think I see what this is going for but the descriptions need a lot of improvement.