Ask HN: Who are the 100 people who most changed the world?

31 points by petenixey ↗ HN
Norman Borlaug invented dwarf wheat and in so doing allowed the earth to support billions more people.

Mikhail Kalashnikov invented a weapon which changed the world map and the ability of the common man to fight governments (and vice versa).

In creating C and Unix, Dennis Ritchie created arguably the infrastructure for all modern computing.

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Who would be on your list of the top (perhaps unsung) people who changed massive numbers of lives for centuries and WHY?

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- Nicola Tesla, no matter how much he is praised, it's always way too little.

http://www.activistpost.com/2012/01/10-inventions-of-nikola-...

- Henry Ford: Giving the world mass production and giving his workers (comparatively) high wages for the time.

It's correct spelling is Nikola Tesla, but yes, he is the enabler of modern society and the way we live today.
Nameless inventor of wheel Jesus Christ Alexander Fleming who discovered penicillin
"Nameless inventor of wheel Jesus Christ" - man, that guy had many talents
For starters:

Jesus, Buddha, Mohammed -- obviously. Similarly Marx. Socrates/Plato and Aristotle also had long-enduring influence on how people thought.

Highly effective conquerors -- Alexander and Genghis Khan come to mind first, because they punched WAY over the weight of the nations they started with.

Newton, Gauss, Darwin, Einstein -- massive and enduring influences on how science and mathematics are framed.

Edison -- yes, way over Tesla. He drove and shaped adoption of a whole lot of technology.

Bill Gates, similarly albeit to a lesser extent, plus he has his massive charity.

If we're going for 100, I'd quickly add:

Pasteur -- popularized the germ theory of disease.

Florence Nightingale -- transformed health care, and also influenced statistics

Euclid, Euler, Riemann

Caesar, Stalin

Paul -- the marketing brains behind Christ's enduring success

Surely Paul the Baptist was far more influential than Jesus - there were quite a few crazies wandering around in those times telling people to sell all of their things and follow them to paradise. It took quite a bit of admin and organisation to form a religion out of the stories and rumours that were left.
I think you mean Paul/Saul of Tarsus. There is no "Paul the Baptist." John the Baptist died before Jesus did. Paul of Tarsus was certainly one of the most influential of the very early Christians, but by all accounts, Christianity has already taken off before he joined and already had an organized leadership.
I would make an argument for Bill Gates. I know on HN people might snub this, but I honestly believe that for better or worse, the future was reshaped by his business tenacity.

I know that everyone involved in the entire PC movement equally played a big part, but Windows ended up being the huge unifying factor for Joe White-Collar-Worker. I think the surge in office computing in Windows was what eventually lead to the acceptance and idea of "normal people" owning computers in the home and consequently the drive towards intelligent consumer electronics in general.

Also a mention for Sir. Tim Berners-Lee, of course it was not a one man effort but he is largely attributed to the creation of the WWW which, let's face it, has already hugely reshaped society in many ways.

I'd argue that long after his business acumen is just a footnote, Bill Gates' charity work will stand him head and shoulders into the top people who've ever lived.

He'll be remembered as a business tycoon probably among the likes of JP Morgan or Carnegie, but that will fade with time. His charity work, on the other hand, might eventually work out to save _tens of millions_ of lives.

If the foundation prospers long enough to beat malaria and waterborne disease in the developing world, they'll re-shape the population of a continent. They may not only save more lives than anyone in history, but manage to save more lives than any dictator was able to end, which is a sadly astonishing achievement.

J. Robert Oppenheimer - "father" of the atomic bomb
Dwight D. Eisenhower - most notably the leader of the Allied Expeditionary Forces during WWII. I shudder to think where we'd be if Hitler were allowed to continue...
Dwight D. Eisenhower if only as a political general who kept the fractious Allied commanders and units together. He gets a special award for being Montgomery's direct report, shielding a lot of people above from having to directly deal with him (not a joke, I'm saying this in all seriousness).

Churchill: without his resolution and ability, we very possibly would have had to start the invasion of Europe with Ireland or Great Britain, assuming it ever happened.

Right next to Hitler put Marx and Lenin, who's death toll overwhelms the former.

FDR, who right next to the above including Lenin's successor Stalin, who also completely changed the nature of his country's government and eventually the country's nature (read The Managerial Revolution). As the then most powerful country in the world, that was a very big thing.

So put in Soviet Union in place of Eisenhower. They're the ones who actually stopped Hitler.
It's really hard to say that. The Red Army ripped the guts out of the German's striking forces, but if they'd taken the U.K. and Ireland they wouldn't have had to pour all that much treasure in Festung Europa not to mention keep all those troops there.

It's also an open question if the Soviets could have held the line without all the supplies we sent them, which again depended a great deal on the U.K. still being in the war.

Psshh. The Eastern front was a diversion for the real war on the other side. ;)
Hello there, fellow Hollywood director!
Steve Jobs.
I was waiting for this comment to happen.
I don't suspect he'll be that important on the length scale of human progress.
Gutenberg - printing press made the sum of human knowledge exponentially easier to transmit and expand

(random article from Google: http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,36527,0...)

(comment deleted)
I think the Chinese did this a few hundred years earlier.
Then both helped move human knowledge exponentially further.
But without any impact on the western world.
James D. Watson, Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin.
Thomas Jefferson - Founded Republican Party, had a large influence on the US Constitution. Adolf Hitler - Leader of Nazi party, Started WWII, Big role in the Holocaust.
Jefferson founded the Democratic Party, known then as the Democratic-Republicans. The Republican Party was formed later.
People who changed the world can be further classified into a few categories in my opinion. Includes inventors, revolutionists, philanthropists and even dictators.

Thomas Alva Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, Marie Curie, Aryabhata, Mother Teresa, Wright Brothers, Henry Ford, John Vincent Atanasoff,Gutenberg, Hitler to name a few

Very cool list. Though seeing all the religious figures at the top, makes me cry a little inside. But when I think about it, it makes sense.

It seems ancient history produced two types of people: great political and religious leaders.

Modern history mostly has: scientists, inventors, philosophers...

I wouldn't credit Kalashnikov quite so highly, the real key was the invention and wide post-WWII adoption of non-corrosive primers, which radically decreased the maintenance required after firing a gun. After that, it was the Soviet system that ensured zillions of reliable, low/no maintenance weapons would flood the world; Kalashnikov's was the later, but it was proceeded by the SKS (same round, fixed magazine fed by clips).

But using him to represent all the of the above works. I'd add John Moses Browning, history's greatest and most influential small arms designer, if for no other reason a design detail that's used in almost every semi-auto pistol today. And we are still using weapons he designed in the 1910s, e.g. the 1918 M2 heavy machine gun and the M1911 handgun, one of which I carry almost every time I walk out my door.

I'd add Jay Forrester, who's Project Whirlwind invented the physical computer as we know it; he left the field after that project, saying correctly all the really important and interesting stuff had been accomplished.

Alfred Nobel, inventor of the first stable high explosive (stabilized nitroglycerin known as dynamite).

Pick a selection from Thirty Years That Shook Physics (quantum physics), and go back some, at least to Newton and Leibniz. And, oh, Euclid.

Claude Shannon is best known as the father of information theory, but before that he wrote one of the most consequential master's thesis ever, in which he applied Boolean logic to found both digital circuit and digital computer design.

Hewlett, Packard and Shockley unintentionally founded Silicon Valley.

John Ericsson, inventor of the monitor class of warships (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monitor_(warship) ) and how they influenced naval design following.

Tesla, for AC power, Edison's DC had strict transmission length limits.

Time for breakfast, that'll do for now.

In between Newton and the quantum mechanics, Dmitri Mendeleev for the periodic table, a complete discontinuity in chemistry.

Linus Pauling wouldn't make the top 100 because someone would have done it around that time, it was that obvious, but he was the first to apply quantum theory to chemistry.

Thomas Midgley Jr. Invented leaded fuel and CFCs.

Norman Borlaug developed semi-dwarf, high-yield, disease-resistant wheat varieties credited with saving over a billion people from starvation.

Ignaz Semmelweis discovered that it's a good idea to wash your hands before carrying out surgery.

Stalin, Hitler, Julius Cesar, Genghis Khan.
Gandhi for showing the world that non-violence and non-cooperation can be an effective form of political expression.

Abraham Lincoln for ending slavery in America.

What was the global impact of emancipation in the US? I ask not to be a dick: I'm legitimately interested in the answer.
I would say not a lot. All countries that harshly oppose slavery today did that way before the US.

The idea that slavery is not fine did also not originate in the US.

Constantine, the first Christian emperor. This was the first time Christianity was recognized by the state; much of A.D. history (but not necessarily most) revolves around the interplay between church and state, most namely the institutionalized Catholic church and protestants.

Similarly, it follows that Martin Luther (not King), one of the vocal leaders of the protestant reformation, was influential with his 95 theses.

Jesus Christ (and the story of the man) obviously has made one of the most global and lasting impacts on culture and humanity.

I'd agree that Pauline literature largely shapes the perception of Christ and Christianity, so Paul is an important figure.

The Beatles - Shifted culture significantly, not just in the US but around the world.

Certainly Dennis Ritchie.

Vannevar Bush, who first conceptualized hypertext via the Memex in the mid-20th century.

Tim Berners-Lee.

I lightly tread and say Mark Zuckerberg, but really I mean the brainpower behind Facebook. Regardless of staying power, to have a massive enough sum of people to start saying things like "1 in 13 people on earth", it certainly is one of the most far reaching and adopted efforts in history.

Albert Einstein - the theory of relativity shapes the way a lot of modern physics are approached.

Adolf Hitler.

Not to upset any fans, but how did The Beatles shift the culture? I have the impression that culture was shifting by itself and The Beatles only lucked into being at right place at the right time.
Fair comment. I suppose I mean that The Beatles were a large catalyst in shifting culture, in that they mark the beginning of rock and roll and TV-casted, stadium-oriented performance and stardom. More importantly, this was a new wave in massively widespread pop culture that perhaps would have been weaker or absent without them.

Let me be clear - I'm not saying they invented or caused the shift. (Which I suppose I said before.) I'm saying they were incredibly influential to pop culture, to a massive degree. (This isn't fanboy talk, so I won't be upset on this thread whatsoever.)

Genghis Khan...his military and logistical exploits in a time before the steam engine just boggle the mind.
I don't think people realize just how much he shaped his future. He essentially brought Asia and the Arab world to its knees and they were more advanced scientifically than Europe at the time. Without him the world as we know it would have power shifted eastward.
Just imagine the world of technology that blossomed from these 2 inventions:

1. John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley for the transistor.

2. Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce for the integrated circuit.

Osama bin Laden, for 9/11 and its fallout.
Fritz Haber (9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development for synthesizing ammonia, important for fertilizers and explosives. The food production for half the world's current population depends on this method for producing fertilizer.

Also known as the father of chemical warfare so it's a mixed bag.

Fritz Haber

Rather unknown, but he invented a Method to synthesize ammonia, which is important for fertilizer. I think Wikipedia puts it quite well:

“The food production for half the world's current population depends on this method for producing fertilizer.”

Skanderbeg 1405 – 17 January 1468

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skanderbeg

He has been credited with being one of the main reasons for delaying Ottoman expansion into Western Europe, giving the Italian principalities more time to better prepare for the Ottoman arrival.

On October 27, 2005, the United States Congress issued a resolution "honoring the 600th anniversary of the birth of Gjergj Kastrioti (Scanderbeg), statesman, diplomat, and military genius, for his role in saving Western Europe from Ottoman occupation."

Fully understanding the importance of the hero to the Albanians, Nazi Germany formed in February 1944, the 21st SS Division Skanderbeg, with 6,491 Kosovo Albanians.

Elon Musk.

Electronic Banking turned Pay for Shit Online. Mainstreamed Electric Cars. Non-governmental Space Travel. Alternative Medium Distance Travel Concept.