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Why is this here? Holley, Khorana, and Nirenberg got the Nobel Prize for figuring out the genetic code in 1968 so this isn't a new result. And I don't see anything technically interesting about the implementation of this web page. (Not trying to be snarky, just puzzled.) If this page gave the 3-D structure of the protein, that would be cool.

Edit: if you don't understand the genetic code and DNA, you really should learn a bit about it since it will help you understand a whole lot of tech things. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_code

If someone knows how this works, I'd love an explanation of it.
It's relatively simple actually. It just what's called a "codon map" to map "codons" (3 letter sequences) to amino acids (the building blocks of proteins), just as ribosomes do in cells. Here's a codon map for example: http://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/WO2000052183A1/im...
I agree: A bit more background information would be good. But I confess I am interested.

I fooled around a bit with a nucleotide sequence of Homo sapiens mRNA for prepro cortistatin like peptide, complete cds.|len=368, as taken from http://www.genomatix.de/online_help/help/sequence_formats.ht...

ACAAGATGCCATTGTCCCCCGGCCTCCTGCTGCTGCTGCTCTCCGGGGCCACGGCCACCGCTGCCCTGCC CCTGGAGGGTGGCCCCACCGGCCGAGACAGCGAGCATATGCAGGAAGCGGCAGGAATAAGGAAAAGCAGC CTCCTGACTTTCCTCGCTTGGTGGTTTGAGTGGACCTCCCAGGCCAGTGCCGGGCCCCTCATAGGAGAGG AAGCTCGGGAGGTGGCCAGGCGGCAGGAAGGCGCACCCCCCCAGCAATCCGCGCGCCGGGACAGAATGCC CTGCAGGAACTTCTTCTGGAAGACCTTCTCCTCCTGCAAATAAAACCTCACCCATGAATGCTCACGCAAG TTTAATTACAGACCTGAA

After some (random) clicking on some nucleotide spots this sequence got me this, assuming that the "standard" genetic code handles homo sapiens mRNA:

ID VIRT5672 Unreviewed; 66 AA. AC VIRT5672; DE Translation of nucleotide sequence generated on ExPASy DE on 20-Nov-2013 by 87.150.48.254. CC -!- This virtual protein sequence will automatically be deleted CC from the server after a few days. DR SWISS-2DPAGE; VIRT5672; VIRTUAL. SQ SEQUENCE 66 AA; 6E48167C288239C3 CRC64. GARHWPGRST QTTKRGKSGG CFSLFLPLPA YARCLGRWGH PPGAGQRWPW PRRAAAAGGR GTMASC //

Sequence in FASTA format

>VIRT5672 GARHWPGRSTQTTKRGKSGGCFSLFLPLPAYARCLGRWGHPPGAGQRWPWPRRAAAAGGR GTMASC

What (concrete) applications does it have except being a theoretical transcoder?

Does IUPAC use 'T' to stand for uracil in RNA? I always used 'U'.
Hmmm, are you saying that you can predict the exact protein that, say a human cell, will produce for every DNA sequence. I had the impression that the whole mRNA + ribosomes process is extremely complex and poorly understood.
These have existed for 13 years on the web or as long as I can remember. This is not very interesting.
It spells out RIP FRED SANGER