Ask HN: How to fire your co-founder?

110 points by mesogamer ↗ HN
So I just read this HN posted article (The 7 Habits of Highly Overrated People - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6965295) and thought a lot about my co-founder who is doing jack shit in the company. I already talked to him about lowering his share options (which he currently holds about 40%, (same as me, after seed round dilution)), but with no avail. He actually threatens the company's success if I ever try to "sneak a move" on him when in reality his contributions are near 0 for product development as well as S&M.

If I talk with my boards on his misbehaviour it will get them stressed and stop believing on the company. Is there really no way to fire him and the only way is to actually quit ?

87 comments

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1. Watch Startup.com.

2. Talk to him. Offer him something in return for his shares (such as a large amount of debt which is only triggered if/when the company sees a liquidation event of suitable magnitude).

There hopefully will not be a step 3.

That sounds brutal. Do you have anyone that you both trust, like an older advisor, college professor, etc. that could maybe sit down with both of you and mediate?
If I talk with my boards on his misbehaviour it will get them stressed and stop believing on the company

Sorry dude, looks like that is precisely what you are going to have to do. Don't worry about the board stressing; they can handle it. That's their job.

Focus on YOUR job: the success of the company. The board will stop believing you when you prolong this longer than you should have, actually making the situation much worse.

When you go to the board, GO PREPARED. Assume the board does not know anything. And treat it almost like a trial where you will get to present your side, and at some point, your co-founder will get to present his. In these cases, I like to open up a document and put down the facts in bullet points. When presenting, remain calm and stick to the facts, which when evaluated by a sensible party(your board), should have them arrive at the same conclusion as you.

I was in a slightly similar situation (without a board), and I did wait too long to act, and by then it was too late and the only option was to break up the company.

It sucked, and I felt like I had wasted 3 years of my life, and while my co-founder definitely did his own damage by not holding up his end, my biggest personal mistake was to not immediately, and aggressively, deal with the problem when I saw it arise (and after initial cooperative attempts at resolution went nowhere).

If you are putting everything you have into your startup, then you have everything to lose if you let someone else fuck it up for you.

You may in fact be legally obligated to discuss this with the board. I would also give a heads-up to your lawyer about this. If this gets messy, you'll want some ironclad legal protection for the company.
He most assuredly is legally obliged to tell the board. His first duty is to do what is in the best interest of the company.
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Thanks for the advice. I might go with this one after holiday ends. The only problem I see here is that he has more rapport with them (since I'm more product oriented and he's money oriented).

It's going to get real messy, especially since he holds all money, bank, passwords info (now I understand why he wanted to take control of those stuff in the beginning). Firing him will be so messy, and the 3 employees we have today respect him a lot especially since he's an expert following those rules in the article I stated in the original post (he's even deceived me lot's of times!)

shit.. Sometimes I think I need a new startup problem to solve to leave the company because this is not letting me sleep at night (and it's no longer the first thought when waking up in the morning).

You should enlist a friend or a mentor to help you prepare with this situation. They can come up with tough questions that the board might ask you and make sure that you have a coherent, clear answer. That has helped me tremendously in clarifying my own thoughts.

You should also roleplay with this person as if he is your cofounder. Have him be a dick and make any argument you can see you cofounder make at any point. I've learned that winning arguments and being right are two different things. This way, if your cofounder is good with the former, you need to be prepared and roleplaying will give you a great edge!

Also, write down all possible scenarios. So if the board asks you "what will happen if the employees quit?" you need to have already thought through that use-case. They will probably be very impressed if you have a document that has these use-cases and possible plans.

In reading that he's the money guy, is he really not holding up his side of things? What's he specifically not doing, that he should be?

It's hard to read between the lines to know if he's really not keeping up his end. Employees like him, he sounds like he's the field expert, he's got the money, he assembled the board, etc...

One thing that helped me in my situation is that I made a document just describing my situation, written from the perspective that it is a business school case study. Then have some friends close to you read it and tell you who they think is at fault. The biggest key is that when writing the story, replace your company name and other names with made up names so people who you ask for feedback aren't biased.

This will give you first line of objective feedback even about your own positions.

> It's going to get real messy, especially since he holds all money, bank, passwords info (now I understand why he wanted to take control of those stuff in the beginning).

You're not kidding. I hope you just mean logistical access (as in, currently holds the details to), as opposed to actually having them in his name. If the latter, you're pretty much screwed. In any case, when you discuss this with the board, once you get them on board with this decision in the first place, you're going to need to make a clear plan for getting access to all of those resources transferred. Hopefully you can do so quickly and without legal action required. Fortunately, if they're in the company name, there are steps you can take to get that access.

It's not going to get real messy unless he wants to go to jail for fraud / theft / embezzlement.

You need to present your case to the board, there is no other good way to go. If they side with you, your co-founder will have no choice but to turn over control of the money, and in fact you should encourage the board to force the point on the money / passwords / etc controls anyway.

I would recommend that anyone else reading this take note: you need someone on the board who is your ally. You can't let your partner fill it with his own people.
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I imagine this will get ugly if you just change the passwords and revoke his access. He owns a decent share of the company so my suggestion would be if you want this company. Buy his share and give him the money.

During this period of time you can hire a team (or someone) to secure your companies credentials. Hiring a team to review your assets both physical and virtual; code base and otherwise would be wise.

"the 3 employees we have today respect him a lot"

This is a big red flag. Who hired those people? Why did you agree to hire them if you don't respect their judgement? Or is your co-founder also doing all the hiring as well as taking care of everything else?

Starting to sound like you should be asking yourself what you contribute.

I am seeing this red flag here too. This is sounding a bit ridiculous. It seems to me if the other guy is the money guy and OP is the product guy, and the employees, board, logistics are all in the hand of the money guy, then he is doing precisely his job.

What does OP really want his cofounder to do, maybe its time he explains why is he an 'overrated' person.

funny. i was in this position many moons ago with 50/50 ownership between me and my partner.

it blows and there is never an easy way to dissolve such relationships. i had to threaten 'going nuclear', i.e. closing the business, to get him to leave.

Here is one way you could structure this. Create goals for him to reach. If he repeatedly fails to reach them, then you can ask him for compromises such as giving up equity, etc. If you do it in the right way (that is a win-win, helping him to make more contribution), then it can be worked out. If he repeatedly fails, then you can involve your board and work out a solution that is best for the startup.
I agree except that since it's apparently been going on for a while, there's no time now to allow him to "repeatedly" fail. Ideally, this improvement plan would have already been attempted and the results of that (assuming there were repeated failures) could be included in the info provided to the Board.

At this point, he should just go directly to the Board and include his proposed improvement plan in his presentation. The co-founder has already indicated an unwillingness to change or leave; the Board should be able to force it.

"Managing" the cofounder creates more work for everyone involved. As the OP is already trying to figure out a way to maximize work output by kicking the cofounder out, you run the risk of creating double work. In a startup, this is highly risky. And, it's business.
This is why you have a board. And hopefully some decent legal documentation in place. Talk to them, lay out facts and the action you want to take, and just follow the documented process for things like board votes and such (again I hope you have legal docs in place, otherwise be prepared to get a lawyer and slog it out…). Sounds like you think the success of your company might depend on you getting rid of him, so just treat it like what it is: business, not personal.
Majority shareholders can't just vote to take away equity from minority holders. There are laws about minority shareholder rights. The OP better have some really specific agreements in place.
Well generally with more or less standard docs in place, the board can vote to remove the offending person from the company. And then it's just a matter of the vesting schedule as to the leaving person's remaining stake (this is why founders should have vesting). Not saying there won't be something of a legal battle, but certainly there's no special provisions necessary which you wouldn't expect in standard startup articles of incorporation.
My impression is that in California boards have large latitude to extremely dilute minority holders.
My operating system is finished. I wrote all 130,000 lines from scratch by myself over the last ten years. Marketing!!! marketing!!! marketing!!!

God is my cofounder. God said 640x480 16 color way back in 2004. God said many things.

Without being God's temple, it fails. With being God's temple, it for sure, succeeds.

God says... now_you_tell_me Ghost I'll_get_right_on_it do_I_have_to You_fix_it what_do_you_want ghetto you_think_you_could_do_better caution youre_welcome guilty God ghetto incoming kludge no_news_is_good_news now_that_I_think_about_it go_ahead_make_my_day I_planned_that China ghetto quit money ingrate that's_no_fun

Don't forget that just because he is a shareholder doesn't mean he has an automatic right to be a Director (or employee). Hold a vote of no confidence in his abilities to add value to the company and fire him as a Director - you can't take away his shares though, unless you can convince him to sell.

Your first and only duty is to the welfare of your company.

Typically (hopefully!) shares are vested based on work as an employee, in which case you can get back the unvested shares at least.
The best way to do it, is to not have to. The second best way, is to fail fast. I waited too long in my last startup and wasted too much time waiting for someone to carry their weight. It never gets better.

I recommend reading "The Founder's Dilemma's" to cover the other things you'll need to consider later as well prevent other, BIGGER, issues.

Keep in mind that sometimes people misperceive each others' real contributions, because of differing competencies and priorities. But, assuming your estimation is correct:

Is an employee agreement and vesting schedule in place?

Who reports to whom? You haven't mentioned formal titles/roles, but unless you're already final-say CEO, you'll probably need the board's support to oust him. You'll definitely want their support and advice, especially if adversarial steps to adjust equity or reorganize are necessary.

Talk to older mentors/lawyers who've seen similar situations.

Look up 'shotgun clause'; even if one doesn't already exist, a 'him-or-me' game of chicken might be resolvable with minimal damage/legal-risk using some sort of similar bidding/step-up-or-leave arrangement.

"when in reality his contributions are near 0 for product development as well as S&M."

What, he won't even hold the whip? ;)

I'm pretty sure that "S&M" above actually refers to "Sales & Marketing", for anybody else who was... confused on a first read.

It's actually BDSM, Business Development, Sales & Marketing.
You might want to put those in a different order to not get confused with the other BDSM.
They actually refer to the same thing.
What's fun about business development, sales, or marketing?
Wow! What a shitty situation. If you can't buy him out you're going to have to get the Board involved so they can act collectively. Get you're shit together and "build your case" against them so it doesn't blow up in your face. Good luck!
To look at it the opposite way...

Could you quit and re-start? If you have employees, maybe they quit and follow you? Perhaps your investors would go with you too.

He likely has a clause in the employment agreement preventing him from competing in any way. Pretty standard
Well, yes. Except, with his leaving, and assuming all the important people, etc went with him, what would the remaining co-founder have left to be competing with?

Then what resources would the remaining co-founder have to go through the US court system?

Lastly, leaving and re-starting doesn't have to mean the exact same product.

I know what you are saying, but Im pretty sure it could be side stepped with some creative thinking.

>Then what resources would the remaining co-founder have to go through the US court system?

To bet on this would be to bet on the new company being a failure.

Because if it ever does become successful, plenty of lawyers would be willing to work on behalf of the ousted cofounder on contingency.

If the other employees respect him so much, they probably won't follow you if you quit.
Out of curiosity, are you both technical cofounders doing programming or are you both overlapping and trying to do sales and marketing? What is that situation like?
I'm in the uncommon position of having actually had to do this. It wasn't a "firing" per se as much as a parting of ways which I initiated, but here's what I learned:

• Discuss it very frankly with at least one board member you trust. Depending on their involvement with the business they may already suspect that something is wrong. Outline to this board member your concerns that Co-Founder is going to take this the wrong way and derail the business.

• Discuss with Co-Founder the specific areas you feel Co-Founder isn't pulling his weight (it isn't okay, even if it's the truth, to say "he isn't doing anything"). Make an irreducible list: start with what are obviously his strengths, and then list the ways in which he is not playing to them. Make it inarguable and prevent it from turning into a personal matter.

• Keep the focus on company not him. For the company to succeed, you need to accomplish XYZ.

• Explain very clearly what his options are. You are not trying to screw him, but you are displeased with his input. You would like to amicably resolve this so that the board doesn't have to be involved, but failing that you will take it to the board and ask them to do their job by sorting it out. He can accept reduced equity and no day-to-day involvement, or he can kick up a fuss and you will move him on. Either way he should accept the reality that his involvement is coming to an end and that his decision now is how it ends.

Your board, if they have any kind of experience in running a business whatsoever, will know that this is one of a billion things which will go "wrong" over the four or five years it will take to make or break your biz. You can influence a lot in the way you communicate this event to them. It sounds to me like it's not truly a crisis but a significant opportunity for you to offload someone who is not contributing and reallocate capital to someone who will put in the hours.

My overriding advice is that you should not worry about this. Next time you start a company be sure to finalise your divorce before you finalise your marriage (i.e. very clearly delineate duties for founders and establish what success for your roles looks like), but other than running out of capital or not growing, very few things are disastrous for a startup.

At the early stage of a company, equity is very important to keep people's incentives aligned to work really hard in the best interest of the growing the company. This generally initially expresses itself in the founders, who have a lot of equity and little or no salary, and then continues on with early employees. So just from this perspective, spending a ton of equity on somebody who isn't contributing is a massive opportunity cost.

Additionally, there is a reason successful solo founders are rare. It is hard to found a company, especially without somebody who is 100% aligned with you (at least economically) the whole journey. I'd imagine that a situation where you start with 2 founders and go down to 1* makes it even harder, because you are like a single founder but with all of this stress you are accumulating right now on things that aren't related to making a great product.

Now this isn't to say that founder strife is something that doesn't happen in successful companies. It does. It is just the magnitude and early-ness of your strife seems pretty large. Making a successful company is really really hard, and you really want to put yourself in the best position to succeed. If you aren't in a good situation, and getting to a good situation doesn't seem likely, then just leaving and starting something else might be your best available option.

Note: I have no idea how large your company is, so this post is assuming your company is 2 or 3 people and is very early stage. If your company is doing really well or is much larger, this advice basically doesn't apply at all, because then "sticking with it" starts to look like a good option.

*: I'm extrapolating that you had 2 founders based on your post. If for instance you had 4 founders and were going down to 3 I don't think it would be as big a deal.

I apologize in advance, but since nobody else seems to have taken the initiative I will opt for being the ass_ole in this situation.

Before you go to the board (you ethically should) let ascertain a few things.

Are you sure he's an overrate person or is it just that you don't see the value in his input?

Some where in the thread you mentioned:

> It's going to get real messy, especially since he holds all money, bank, passwords info

Some credit needs to go to an individual who has taken ownership for responsibility of finances, considering the amount of onus that falls on the need to maintain finances optimally for a start-up, this can also be really stressful. If he has mismanaged finances, that's another story.

If he has not mismanaged the finances and has taken ownership/charge of these affairs you need to reflect on why you did not opt to share the burden.

Some people don't like managing finances, nothing wrong with that, but they do need people who'd do it for them, even better if there is a mutual need to succeed. Anyone can be the best money manager in hindsight.

> the 3 employees we have today respect him a lot especially since he's an expert

Respect is very important. Sure, the article says that the Overrated person can establish themselves as an expert, but believing this without a doubt also means that you don't trust the judgement of your first three employees.

Not saying you're wrong, but there is a possibility that you need to delve a little deeper on why they think your co-founder is an "expert".

> following those rules in the article

Not all rules apply all the time. Also these are not really rules but situational observations.

> The only problem I see here is that he has more rapport with them (the board).

Was he instrumental in helping you raise funds? Could you have raised the funds with a 100% surety without him if you were a single founder? Would this rapport help keep the faith of the stakeholders in the prospect of your success?

Maintaining and managing peoples belief in an idea or the people executing an idea is no easy task. Are you sure he has a zero percent contribution in any of these? And again are you sure you could have achieved a 100% of past results without him?

> He actually threatens the company's success if I ever try to "sneak a move" on him

Why would you try to sneak a move past anyone who has as much to loose as you, or even if it was a fraction thereof?

How does he threaten the company?

Does he threaten to leave? If you want him to leave, this solves your problem. But, if his leaving threatens the company, you should probably reconsider firing him.

This is important

If you want to (you should and must) get to the board and present your concerns, they are going to need those questions answered

It will only help your case

If your cofounder is as bad as I'm imagining, you should do your homework: get emails, recordings, etc which is strongly hinted by his threat (make sure you get him on that, record with your cell phone - hidden - or something)

But there's also a possibility things are merely like this: "some credit needs to go to an individual who has taken ownership for responsibility of finances, considering the amount of onus that falls on the need to maintain finances optimally for a start-up, this can also be really stressful."

You need to work a very clear and ironed out case for the Board. And remember, to them everything is still ok, and they hold him (and you) in consideration, so you'll have to work the case real slowly, be tolerant of their questions, as dumb as they are (it's a dumb question to you, not to them)

And talk to your lawyer, of course. And make sure he doesn't know about this.

>make sure you get him on that, record with your cell phone - hidden - or something

Be incredibly careful: this could be a violation of state privacy/wiretapping laws.

I don't mean telephone necessarily, but 'live' recording

Not sure what's the laws on that, but yes, it's better to check

>>Could you have raised the funds with a 100% surety without him if you were a single founder?

I see this problem clear in many situations these days. A lot of angel investors/fund raisers tend to think themselves as founders.

The problem with such a though is that, your job ends once you give the money. Though arranging for money is important once sales get going you tend to be looked up as some one who did an initial favor but is by and large not contributing anything to the company for months/years.

Mean while other people, even non founders who throw in insane efforts to keep the company going look at such people as dead baggage to carry whose only role was raising that initial investment and riding that accomplishment wave since then.

After some time it makes more sense to honorably give back the investment + profits to that initial investor than have them control you, while not contributing anything meaningful to the company.

I was in a similar position with my first company, but waited too long because we were such close friends. I view failing to fire him as my biggest mistake/failing as CEO of my first co.

If you want to talk, drop me a line here and we can hop on the phone. I have a strong opinion on this topic: http://mattmireles.com/contact/

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Perhaps what you have is worth fighting for, and you will therefore be willing to incur significant costs (in time, energy, opportunity and likely money) battling your co-founder. But I think you should consider the facts you have presented in your question and responses to other comments:

1. Your co-founder has the same level of ownership as you.

2. He controls the company bank account, passwords, etc.

3. His relationship with the board is stronger than yours.

4. Your employees like him.

5. He is aware of your desires and has made it clear he is willing to fight your efforts, apparently even if it means sabotaging the company.

Given these facts, I think it would be wise for you to consider what you can realistically achieve even if you are successful in removing your co-founder. You may find that the question, "How do I fire my co-founder?" is not the first one you should be asking yourself.

> I already talked to him about lowering his share options (which he currently holds about 40%, (same as me, after seed round dilution))

if you're a co-founder and all you have is options and not a significant chunk of real equity, i'd say the problem is not that he isn't pulling his weight, but you (that's you, not him) got short-changed for the amount of work you are doing. and you are probably upset about that.

if he's a CFO/money type that's been charged with fund raising, money management, records, dealing with vendors and HR, etc, his compensation (no actual equity?) is probably correct, or even under-valued.

in which case, if you go to the board, you are going to be forced into a position of justifying why you want an increase in compensation for your work, instead of lowering his compensation for the work he's doing.

these are the kinds of things you learn so that your 2nd and 3rd time around are easier.

I had to let go of my full-time assistant today. The holidays are over; do what you have to do.
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You are trying to throw your cofounder under the bus without going directly to him first? Tell him whats on your mind. At least you owe him that. At one point you picked him to be your cofounder and now maybe things are not working out, it might be his fault, maybe he is having issues or doesn't know he is not collaborating as much, but you owe him at least a direct conversation man to man. He will appreciate this more than being thrown under the bus.

again, I don't know the full details of your situation but there is two sides to a story. Whatever you end up doing won't be pretty but talking is and discussing things hombre a hombre is the best approach.

I would certainly not take such drastic action based on pattern recognition built out of some HN article.

Would you file for divorce based on an HN article about overrated spouses?

As others have pointed out, it sounds like he does do a fair bit for this company but you're blind to it. The one trick he's clearly missed is getting to this level of distrust with his cofounder. For that, though, it is not clear that you should fire him. Maybe he should fire you...

Could not agree more. You are not thinking of firing your co-founder, you are thinking of divorcing him.

No matter what its going to be messy, and you need to be absolutely sure its worth going down that road before you do it.