I Am Sam Altman, President of Y Combinator. AMA

634 points by sama ↗ HN
YC applications for the Summer 2015 batch are due in a week, so I thought I'd do an AMA to answer questions about applying to YC, how the program works, or anything else.

EDIT: 12:55 PM. This has been a really fun three hours, but now I have back to back meetings for the rest of the day. Sorry I couldn't answer everything--I typed as fast as I can :)

Special thanks to the YC software team for fixing an issue very quickly in the middle of this!

756 comments

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How has the relationship between mentors/companies changed since the batches have grown? Are there still ample opportunities for office hours, etc?
Unlike most other programs, YC does not have mentors--just partners that spend all their time advising startups (and some part-time partners).

This is really important--most people give terrible startup advice, and people that do nothing but select and advise startups all day are probably the best source of good startup advice.

We split into 4 groups, and each company gets 2-3 "group partners" as their main points of contact. We encourage you to talk to these partners at least once a week, and then other partners whenever you need their specific expertise.

How are the groups/partners assigned? I am assuming it is based on vertical expertise/experience but would love to hear more insight into that process since there are so many great "good partners"
The group split was something that happened after S12, which was at the time the largest batch[0]. As the numbers of startups scaled, connecting all partners to all startups was order o(n^2).

I was in this batch - there didn't seem to be any negative impact on the companies given that most/all the founders figured this out and naturally distributed themselves to optimize for talking to the same couple partners week on week. It just meant that every once in a while, you'd be sitting across from a partner that you've never really interacted with and explaining what you do (probably good practice)[1]. Formally grouping partners sounds like a great scaling patch.

[1] Not sure exactly how they did it, but the partners had some internal communication. You'd be halfway through your pitch and then they'd be like "Oh, you're THOSE guys who did X, Y, Z". And then proceed to still give you great advice.

Having slow organic growth for our startup reduce our chances of an interview? What is the average growth week-over-week YC looks at?
Slow growth is bad, yes. A lot of our questions will be about why it's slow and how you plan to make it faster.

We tell startups during YC to shoot for 10% weekly growth in their key metric.

In your opinion do you see anything coming along that can become an alternative to the current status of the "internet"?
What are the hardest lessons for founders to learn during YC?
Sam,

What would you say is the average amount of times a company applies before a. getting an interview at YC and b. actually getting in?

It is often on the first time. The 7th time is the highest count I know of. It's common for it to be on the second or third time.

If we reject a company at interviews, we'll say what our objection is. If you reapply and that isn't fixed, you're unlikely to get in.

More generally, fast progress is something we really look for when deciding to fund startups.

Besides applicants ignoring feedback, do prior failed applications influence your decision at all?
What if the feedback is 'we think the market is too small'. It seems the way to improve is drastically change the product (/pivoting), or is there another way?
Have you guys followed the alternative lending IPOs recently? (Lending Club and OnDeck in December, both with billion dollar valuations). What does YC think of the industry?
Personally, I think it's super interesting. LendUp is a company we funded a few years ago, and we've done more recently.
What are your thoughts on the risks to pay-day loan type companies given Wonga in the UK has just taken a huge hit due to regulation.[0] Are they at risk to be regulated here in the US too?

[0] - http://www.bbc.com/news/business-31603152

How often do you fund people on their secondary ideas compared to the main idea people apply with?
What percent of YC founders decide against relocating to Silicon Valley after demo day and any correlation between future success and being in Silicon Valley after coming out of YC?
How many companies/startups will actually be chosen to enter the batch?
We never set this ahead of time--it really depends on how many companies apply that we want to fund, subject to the constraints of how hard the parters can work.

I'd guess in the range of 100-130, based on current application volume. We had a big spike in growth last batch (I think because of the startup class).

What is the #1 cause of failure of YC startups and how long does it usually take to materialise?
The apparent cause is running out of money, but the real cause is failing to build something users love. It is usually apparent in the first 6 months, but not always.

Another big cause is cofounder tension.

Are you going to do another semester of "How to start a startup" classes at Stanford?
I might do a sort of graduate school version--i.e. "How to scale a startup"
What are your thoughts on teams applying pre-product (but in development) with an experienced/diverse team compared to teams with product/initial traction? Do you weigh them differently during application reviews?
It's hard to give a standard answer to this--it depends entirely on the specifics of each case.
Thanks for doing this AMA anything Sam.

As a follow-up, what would you recommend applicants who are in this position do before the end of next week to increase their chances of being interviewed/accepted? (i.e. get feedback from as many YC alum as possible, iterate on their video, etc). Obviously without specifics, I'm sure your answer may be similar to the above, but any general recommendations here?

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Thanks for doing this AMA Sam.

As a follow-up, what would you recommend applicants who are in this position do before the end of next week to increase their chances of being interviewed/accepted? (i.e. get feedback from as many YC alum as possible, iterate on their video, etc). Obviously without specifics, I'm sure your answer may be similar to the above, but any general recommendations here?

Thanks for doing this AMA Sam.

As a follow-up, what would you recommend applicants who are in this position do before the end of next week to increase their chances of being interviewed/accepted? (i.e. get feedback from as many YC alum as possible, iterate on their video, etc). Obviously without specifics, I'm sure your answer may be similar to the above, but any general recommendations here?

Talk to users, and tell us what you learn from them.
Once we submit our application, does making edits to our application affect anything?
Where do you see YC 10 years from now?
The evolution of the university. But I think it's a much better model--it's got just the right amount of decentralization, it attracts the best people in the world to one place because of the network effect, we pay you instead of the other way around, instead of asking for donations of our alumni in the future we'll let them invest in the ecosystem, etc. And I think you learn far more in 3 months of YC than 3 months of university.

YC is fundamentally just a hub of smart people that help each other.

I think there is some chance that the total aggregate market cap of YC companies by then is approaching the largest market cap of any company (though a safer bet would be 20 years from now). I hope that we'll have funded many of the most important companies, and been able to help them quite a bit. I'm pretty sure the network will be powerful.

I'm sure we'll also do new things that seem crazy today, e.g. a fundamental research lab.

What's your thoughts on teams that are applying from London?
We are excited about teams applying for anywhere in the world! A huge percentage of the startups we fund come from outside the US.
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Would you rather fund one horse-sized duck or 100 duck-sized horses?
Hi Sam,

Not a YC-specific question, but I was wondering what advice you have for someone who lives outside of a major technology center and doesn't have the ability to move? I'm eager to get something started here in the next year but I'm pretty much on my own, thanks!

I have a slack channel I'm growing that's open to all aspiring developers and entrepreneurs to eventually solve this exact problem. Check this page for more info, http://www.openmindedinnovations.com/about. Just email me at jbhatab@gmail.com if you're interested :).
This is 2015 - clearly it's not possible to found a company without living in a tech hub ;)
What is the most common mode of failure in the interview stage?
Unclear communication. It's surprising how often we get 5 minutes into an interview without being able to really understand what a startup does.
Your recent stats blog post told us that 32 YC companies are worth more than $100 million. How many YC companies, including those acquired, are worth more than $10 million?
Counting companies that have raised with SAFEs but not equity rounds, probably about 250-300.
I hope this is not a dumb question, what method are you using the estimate the worth of the ones that have raised with SAFEs?

If the answer is that you made guesses not backed by calculations, then how long have you been writing down your guesses, then going back periodically to compare them with valuations calculated from exits and equity rounds?

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Since you probably can't spend too much time on each YC application, what is the most common issue you see that causes companies to not get further attention?
Great question! The biggest mistake founders make is burying whatever it is that's exceptional about them or their company deep in the application.

We are optimists. We want to believe. Help us by putting whatever it is that is going to make us want to fund you early in the answer to each question.

Also, be concise.

What's the most exciting non-traditional segment (bio, energy, manufacturing, etc) you're looking forward to funding startups in?
I imagine each partner will have different answers. One thing I say is that we should be willing to fund anything that could be a $10B company, and that is such a difficult restriction we shouldn't have any other restriction.

Personally, I am very interested in nuclear energy and solar (I think energy is the highest-impact single thing to fix--it's remarkable how many other problems reduce to the energy problem), biotech, AI, education, healthcare, and online communities.

Interestingly, those first three categories are also where I think the biggest dangers to humanity are. High-risk high-reward, I guess.

What do you think about wind energy? A leading wind energy company here in India just had a $160M IPO here and it was oversubscribed. Wind is also growing faster than solar in large parts of the world.
Would you consider game studio startups as a valid startup application?
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What's something common that partners have to repeat over and over until founders 'get it' ?
The most common thing is getting founders to focus on the right thing. At this stage, nothing but building a product that users love matters. Founders want to focus on anything else, and have wonderfully detailed excuses for why whatever it is is so important.

"Write code and talk to users" is not sexy, but it's the road to success. Seeing your name in the press is sexy, but unfortunately has nothing to do whatsoever with actual success.

There is no shortcut for the hard work of building a great product.

One thing my company struggled with in ImagineK12 was attracting enough users to know if we were making something they loved - how can founders focus on both?
Did you try talking to the customers you already had, or folks who did not sign up but were in the same demographics?

I'm currently building a tool for writers and emailing writers individually (sometimes, even buying 30 minutes of their time) and talking to them has been really insightful.

"There is no shortcut for the hard work of building a great product" yet Quality often takes time.. yet the longer something takes to build - the more negative points programs like this give (and tech culture in general)

It seems like speed trumps quality is the standard