Ask HN: Why does Costco not have an express lane at any of their stores?

9 points by GigabyteCoin ↗ HN
The CEO claims it's because:

>"Costco’s ability to sell merchandise at incredibly low prices is based on adhering to various operating disciplines at every turn. Instead of having an express line—that often would be open but without a member in line—we have invested millions of dollars to speed up the entire front-end process. Our policy is “no more than one (member) in line and two (members waiting) behind.” The average completed front-end transaction is just over 1 minute." [0]

But I think he's skirting the issue. I also think I know the answer but I'll pose the question first before muddling anybody's thoughts on the matter with my own.

[0] http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/magazine/2014/12/q-a-with-costco-s-ceo-w-craig-jelinek/index.htm

20 comments

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At least from what I've seen in the Costco stores in Australia, it's because a Costco 'express lane' would need a cutoff of about 30 items to make it useful. People go to regular supermarkets if they need something quickly, and they go to Costco do to their weekly/monthly shopping.
Costco is optimized to sell you stuff in large quantities each time you visit the store. They explicitly trade convenience (i.e., you can't buy a single roll of paper towels there) for extremely low prices.

If you want a store that offers a nicer, more convenient shopping experience (along with significantly higher prices), there are plenty of alternatives available to you.

A random point to also be aware of: Costco makes practically no money off of what they sell. Costco makes their money from membership fees.

Because membership fees are so important, Costco has to listen to the members so I would hazard a guess that members have not asked in sufficient numbers.

This. It's likely deliberate optimization. They want to encourage a larger average order size & higher revenue per customer. You pay for a membership, making you more committed to shopping there. Then they don't optimize the experience to support small orders, so you might as well get a few more things as long as you're there.
Nope, I don't think that's true. At least that's not what they told employees. They told us stores make almost identical money from the margin of most items (I think it was something like almost everything is marked up 20%) and yearly membership fees.
Some items might even be at a loss for Costco ($1.99 for pack of 36 water bottles?) but overall I think it's not zero margin enterprise.

Some items or services are definitely carrying healthy profit and behind the scenes kickbacks from the vendor (small business payment systems, other recurring services sold to customers, very large price ticket items like furniture and cars)

Costco really isn't a retailer in the traditional sense. If you look at how they operate, aside from the fact that they allow the public to buy things, they really operate as a distribution center. From where they build to what they carry, it's not optimized to get the most customers because they know they are profitable from membership fees alone.

Because of that, I think its silly to compare Costco to any other retailer in any sense. If you never even walk through the door they've made money on you. That strips away the need for a lot of things that other retailers need to do to get you in the door.

They don't care if you get in and out fast for one item, their average cart value is really high. If you know you'll need to wait anyway, you'll do all your shopping there in a large trip and there is less "between order" time spent for their cashiers (who aren't really cashiers but basically warehouse packers, and you're the picker).

This extends to everything they do:

- They don't need to carry less profitable products to get you in the door, they optimize for least products and most profit

- They pay more because these aren't store employees but a combination of store and distribution center employee. This is supported by "market salary" a bit if you compare walmart distribution center employees you'll see they're actually higher paid starting salary, Costco employees fall on the upper end of the area between walmart store employees and walmart distribution center employees

- They won't build places they can't get people to pay that membership fee. The membership fee is a bit of a means test if you think about it. Poorer people can't afford to buy in bulk even if it saves them money, if you can't shell out the money for the right to shop at their store, then your average cart receipt doesn't fit in with what they're looking for. They'd probably be able to build profitable stores in a lot of places, but the membership fee structure means less stores but very low risk. You know if your market can afford to pay for somewhere to shop, they can afford what you're carrying. And it doesn't matter at that point because you're already profitable anyway.

They really aren't a revenue optimized company, they don't care about a few missed sales that you run to Acme instead of Costco because you only need one thing and don't want to wait. That's exactly what they want - a nice big cart every time you come.

You don't actually explain why you would pay a distribution center employee more, but in any case I don't believe that's why.

Costco's employees get paid well because it reduces costs to hire and train employees as well as pilferage.

Also, I'm not sure how it fits in, but there are radical differences in the items between costcos just a few miles away, at least in the bay area. They are more neighborhood oriented then you might think.

Your second line answers the first, and also there is more to know. Distribution employees are generally interacting directly with the ERP, driving forklifts, handling the receiving process, etc. Managers handle a lot of those things at the store level, that's not feasible at the distribution level.

On your last line, my knowledge of what Costco carries comes from a CNBC doc - so I'm not arguing that you're wrong, that's weird though because they made it seem like they have the exact same product selection everywhere (except produce/meats) and it's carefully curated. One example was the sizes of Motrin they carry, they only carry one size (180).

If you are in the bay area, I'll happily give you the two I'm thinking of.
Not that they're identical, but some Sam's Clubs are now sporting self-checkout lanes.
So what service does Sam's Club offer now? From what I remember, checking out was a pseudo-dystopian experience anyway, with having to rummage in a big bin for recycled packing boxes to bag your items in yourself, then having someone give you the hairy eyeball on the way out as they looked over the receipt and your haphazardly packed boxes of groceries.

I guess there's always the free cocktail weenies...

Yeah the whole experience was slimy. I just went through your checkout; why are you inspecting my cart? In fact, what gives them the right to rummage through my stuff at all?
Funny you say that, our Sam's Club has self checkout lanes but they are express only. They used to not be though. We don't have a Costco in our area, so I can't compare.
Our local Costco used to have these, but they still required dedicate babysitter to handle customers who couldn't find bar codes, or customers with overly large or heavy items or customer with membership issues or customers with payment method issues, etc...

Eventually they got rid of them in favor of standard checkout lanes.

When I worked there I was told that the average checkout was something like 7-8 big items, so almost everyone would checkout in the 'express' (10 items or less) lane if they had one.
How many items would qualify you for an express checkout? Local supermarkets are maybe < 10 to < 20.

I never make it out of a Costco with < 20 items usually. I usually stock up for a month resulting in a $300-$400 purchase.

I do see people with 1-5 items sometimes. I let them go ahead of me.

I'm a serial low-volume costco shopper (<5 items) and don't really care if they put in express lanes or not -- I just wish costco would go to the single-queue model for checkout.
I wish a LOT of places had this, it really shortens how long I'm standing in the line, and it also vastly increases the efficiency of the operation.
Ok I'll give my 2 cents now, thanks for all of your answers everyone.

Imho they're purposely incoveniencing small-time shoppers, in an effort to increase each shopper's purchase amount.

If you're constantly met with 5-10 minute wait times at the checkout, you're going to make sure that it's worth it (by buying a lot of items).

They probably see multiple efficiencies by customers purchasing 20+ items at once and wish to keep it that way.

With 20 or more checkout lines in most stores, I can't really justify why they wouldn't dedicate at least one to 10 items or less.

I thought about this the other day when I was contemplating going in just to get a tub of baking soda. I didn't pull the trigger. I'll go back when I have at least 10 or 20 things I really need to stock up on.

I agree with jotux though, a single queue would really be the best of both worlds imho. They get their efficiences with the big buyers, and everybody gets through the line at the same (faster) rate.