Ask HN: How to find hidden correlations in data?

Here is the thing. I am very interested in identifying patterns in life events. It is clear that there are correlations between some events in life. i.e. Sleep well -> productivity. The question is how to identify these patterns? It is somewhat easy to log events with a bunch of properties. How do I go about finding patterns within the data itself without having a sample set of successfully identified correlations?

I would be grateful for any reference points to books, articles, concepts, etc.