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I feel the median would be a more interesting statistic. Could be a few people getting most of it.
It is based on a mixture of tenure and equity. I’ve seen reports of new hires apparently getting between 300K-500K.
I've heard that the median is a magnitude of order less than that; most of the bonus is going to management.
Is that in option grants or a bonus? The article reads as this is a bonus not equity, unclear if that is actually the case but the two are fairly different things.
Median is 40k. I know someone who works there.
Tying this to tenure at the company as well as their existing stock holdings means it's mostly an opportunity for some form of liquidity for current employees. I don't expect it will result in immediate attrition, and likely will work as a great recruiting tactic. But, the details in the article make it fairly clear that most employees are not getting 1.3M.
We live in a sick (figuratively and quite literally) world where people who create an addicting, health damaging product easily accessible to and abused by kids are celebrated for some kind of "success" and rewarded financially as a result of their immoral creation.
Are you speaking of an e-cig company or social media? Is physical health less important than mental health?
The evidence of the negative health effects of smoking far outstrip those of social media in both quantity and impact of those health effects. I'm not sure we're even in the sent ballpark right now. I'm not sure even the same game.
Are you speaking of completely irrelevant topics? Is astroturfing for “Juul” (what a stupid fucking name) more important than making a meaningful contribution to the present discussion?
What you say is entirely correct. People need to take a step back and see it for what it really is. In our economy people often get rewarded handsomely for causing harm.
In somewhat related news, the US almost managed to get rid of teenage smoking, but Juul has been so successful that teenage smoking is back at the level of roughly 15 years ago.

https://twitter.com/themehakvohra/status/1076433054099492864

This is not a 'good' company.

Smoking cigarettes?
From the graph in the parent post, it looks like Juuling, not "real" (as in inhale-burning-tobacco) smoking.
Just as addicting, though. And it's just as much of a customer retention strategy as it ever was.
IIRC, vaping pure nicotine might be less addictive than smoking tobacco because tobacco contains a ton of other chemicals
I think we're in danger of attaching the stigma of tobacco to something which is far less damaging. Vaping need not be zero harm for it to be socially acceptable; research shows that there is no safe level of alcohol consumption, that red meat is carcinogenic, and I imagine that despite recent legalisation efforts marijuana poses a health threat.

Let's not become the 'no fun allowed' society.

Drinking gets you buzz, marijuana gets you all sorts of different kinds of highs depending on the strain, tobacco gets you... Kind of a little more awake I guess? I don't remember any positive side effects of smoking other than companionship with other smokers when I step outside, which I could easily get by just walking up and saying hello.
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Nicotine is a nootropic, that is, a drug that has a positive effect on the performance of cognitive tasks involving attention and memory, and may even boost IQ. Starting points for further research:

"Nicotine as a cognitive enhancer." (1992): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1579636

"Nicotine treatment of mild cognitive impairment" (2012): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3466669/

"Cognitive Effects of Nicotine: Recent Progress." (2018): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29110618

A study measuring higher effective IQ (1994): https://www.gwern.net/docs/nicotine/1994-stough.pdf

> We therefore hypothesised that nicotine is acting to improve intellectual performance on the elementary information processing correlates of IQ. [W]e tested this hypothesis using the Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) test. APM scores were significantly higher in the smoking session compared to the non-smoking session, suggesting that nicotine acts to enhance physiological processes underlying performance on intellectual tasks.

"Will a Nicotine Patch Make You Smarter?": https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/will-a-nicotine-p...

These may be reasons why people choose to use it. I've certainly spoken to people who believe they're more productive or effective on nicotine.

I don't know what the current research is on whether these benefits are short-term only or can be sustained long-term. I'm not an expert on this - I'm just casually interested in nootroptics. I don't consume nicotine or tobacco.

There is also debate about how addictive nicotine is by itself. While tobacco is extremely addictive, there is evidence that nicotine, alone, is habit-forming but only mildly addictive or perhaps even nonaddictive (but still habit-forming). Psychopharmacologist Paul Newhouse makes this point in the Scientific American article above.

An essay by Gwern Branwen presenting an overview of data on nicotine addiction: https://www.gwern.net/Nicotine

> My take away is that there is addiction but it’s drastically overestimated by almost everyone and may been conflated with the habit-formation capability

An in-depth review and critique of the evidence of nicotine addiction: "A critique of nicotine addiction" (2000): https://www.gwern.net/docs/nicotine/2002-frenkdar.pdf

> We submit that an objective evaluation of these data leads to the conclusion that [nicotine] is not an addictive drug and that the popularized equation of the addictive properties of nicotine [...] has little to do with science.

I use nicotine seasonally as an antidepressant for SAD. This is my second winter doing this - when it got warm and sunny last spring I didn't even think about my vape - I just used it for 30 seconds in the morning for a few days, then put it away until October. I much prefer this to having to cycle off a "real" antidepressant like Wellbutrin like my doctor wants me to.
The few people I know who still smoke do it for stress and weight issues. I have casually mentioned a few healthier alternatives to them but none seem receptive so maybe there are other, more personal reasons.
Most "Healthy Alternatives" completely miss the point - assuming things like eating a carrot stick is going to be at all the same as inhaling a chemical when one is stressed or hungry or that taking up knitting is going to be a perfect substitute for a mindless habit.
I was thinking more along the lines of meditation for stress, and IF for weight loss. I've seen both work well amongst non smokers, so hoped they could work for smokers too.
The best analogy I can give is to salt in food. Nobody would eat a teaspoon full of salt, but it makes everything else taste better. Nicotine is subtly but profoundly pleasurable; when inhaled, it delivers an instant and substantial hit of dopamine that noticeably enhances the context it is experienced in. Nicotine relieves fatigue, it lifts the mood, it suppresses hunger, it paradoxically induces both stimulation and relaxation. It's your morning cup of coffee, only infinitely more so.

Even the addiction is, in a strange sense, pleasurable. A nicotine craving is a purely objectified need that can be satisfied in a very direct and immediate way; that is a powerful experience if you have other important needs that cannot be satisfied. I might be miserable at work, I might be depressed and anxious in ways that do not respond to drugs or psychotherapy, I might be poor and lonely and justifiably hopeless about the future, but this one specific need of mine can always be satisfied with a pack of smokes or a Juul and a five minute break.

When you have very limited control over your circumstances, cigarettes give you some modicum of control over your mood. If you have never felt completely trapped by your circumstances, it is difficult to express how significantly that sliver of control can affect your sense of self.

The sociability of smoking simply cannot be emulated in any other way, because the act of smoking itself provides a profound sense of communality. Non-smokers do not and cannot understand why the smokers choose to huddle outside, which is precisely why we feel able to start conversations with complete strangers. We are bound together by a bewitching, maddening and frequently lifelong relationship with a very peculiar alkaloid.

I believe that nicotine has, for entirely respectable reasons, been demonized by the anti-smoking lobby; it has been characterised as a completely pointless drug that persists only because of the aggressive marketing of tobacco companies and its highly addictive nature.

I would argue that the potent addictive potential of nicotine is a product of its potent psychoactive effect and the complex role it plays in the life of smokers. E-cigarette users see e-cigarettes as a potentially lifesaving technology that satisfies a profound psychological need. I do not wish to endorse e-cigarettes, I certainly would not encourage anyone to take up nicotine use, but I would beg for some modicum of empathy on the part of non-smokers towards their nicotine-dependent peers.

This is an incredibly well written comment. One of my best friends is a two pack a day smoker, and when I ask him why he doesn't even _want_ to quit, he has (less eloquently) given me a lot of these reasons.

He doesn't have a lot of control over his circumstances, and I can definitely understand the sense of control you can get from satisfying a nicotine craving. He's also mentioned the social aspect quite a few times. He frequently tells me that the best times in his life have all been smoking cigarettes.

My issue is that he is undoubtedly going to suffer major health problems, likely dying much earlier than he would have head it not been for the two pack a day habit. He knows this, and routinely jokes about dying before he hits thirty. I don't know if he really understands how young thirty is.

I do have empathy for him, but I love him very much and hate to see the damage he is doing to himself...

I've had a few cigarettes in my life (about a pack in total) and honestly, it has no effect. Never understood the appeal. You also smell like total garbage afterwards.

I am moving to a first-floor apartment purely because I've lived in two apartments where the downstairs neighbour likes to smoke. I can't keep a window open because their fucking shit-smell leaks into my living space, it's extremely infuriating.

The "huddling outside" thing is also quite annoying. Often smokers "huddle" right next to the entrypoint of a building. Now anyone who is entering/exiting has to go through a cloud of smoke. I've also noticed that even when building managers put "No smoking" signs around these areas, smokers do not care.

Honestly, I started this comment in a friendly tone, but deleted most of it just to hate on smokers after I realized that I actually hate them.

> Let's not become the 'no fun allowed' society.

i might draw the line at addictiveness. But then caffeine is also mildly addictive...

Pretty much anyone can quit caffeine in a week, easily. Nicotine is not in even in the same ballpark in terms of addictiveness based on my anecdotal experience. There's absolutely no way I am OK with something as addicting as nicotine being marketed to children. Teenagers are children and I'm happy the government is pursuing vaping such as it is.
Anyone can quit caffeine forever by not drinking caffeine for a week? I know a lot more people who have quit smoking forever (so far) than people who have quit caffeine.
You can get over the chemical dependency on caffeine in a week to ten days, if you go more-or-less cold turkey and put up with the headaches. The psychological dependency might be trickier.
In my experience the side effects of caffeine withdrawal are much much worse than for nicotine (cigarettes). Both last a week or two.
A slow taper off of caffeine is much more comfortable, even if it does take longer. Can't really speak to the nicotine side.
May I ask what your dosing was? I honestly don't doubt you one bit - but as an ex-25-a-day smoker, a week of endless pacing and sleepless nights and hiding in my cupboard, followed by a week of sleeping and grumbling, and a subsequent year of basically no alcohol (triggering), there's just no comparison to a week of headaches and thirst (caffeine). But, I suppose I do say this as someone with coffee in hand, so maybe staying quit with caffeine has been that much harder...
For caffeine, it’s hard to say, but probably at least a liter a day of Coca Cola or similar. For cigarettes, peak usage of half a pack a day. Quit both cold turkey (many years apart). Quitting soda gave me pretty significant headaches for about a week. Quitting cigarettes had no noticeable side effects other than cravings and some antsiness every hour or so. Note also that I have since relapsed on both, but was cold turkey for at least 6 months.
Quitting coca cola is different from quitting caffeine though. You are quitting sugar along with caffeine.
I definitely didn’t quit sugar, although probably reduced it significantly. I was still drinking juice pretty regularly. I’m pretty sure the headaches were primarily from caffeine withdrawal.
I have dramatically reduced my caffeine dependence in the past by slowly adjusting my morning coffee on an increasing percentage of decaf: 10% first week, 20% second, 30% the third, 50% the fourth. It was completely painless.
What’s the motivation for quitting caffeine? I’d expect a lot more people to quit smoking even though it’s harder because it’s horribly unhealthy, expensive, and increasingly taboo.
Perhaps, but that also sounds remarkably like “I’m not addicted to caffeine because I could quit any time I wanted.”
I mean, that statement is often true. Again, what would be the motivation for quitting?
I quit caffeine mostly because I was drinking a lot of soda and was concerned about the sugar, but I would think that, all else being equal, people would rather not be dependent on caffeine for maintaining their sleep/wake schedule. When people say “I’m a zombie until I have my first cup of coffee,” do you think they mean that in a good way?
> I would think that, all else being equal, people would rather not be dependent on caffeine for maintaining their sleep/wake schedule.

I agree only because caffeine has such a slow half life in the body and it's hard to control withdrawl.

If you had something almost the same as caffeine, that you could use to wake up faster and get tired faster, with the only negative effect being ten minutes of zombie in the morning, that would be great for so many people.

"I could quit any time" and "I don't need to quit because it's not unhealthy" are very different statements.

Though how much evidence would you need for someone being able to quit caffeine? If they abstain for a month, is that enough?

Well, no, that isn’t enough. It’s relatively easy for a cigarette smoker to quit for a month, or even addicts of much harder drugs. It’s the forever part that’s difficult.
You didn't answer the question of how much evidence is enough.

You can only expect someone to disrupt their appetite so much to prove a point. Is it effectively impossible to prove to your satisfaction?

People with sleep problems are often advised to quit caffeine. Many women who are or who expect to become pregnant also quit over concerns it may harm the fetus.
More information on your first sentence in Matthew Walker's Why We Sleep (tl;dr: no caffeine >2pm it's v bad for sleep phases + long half-life).

I'd add mental health/anxiety issues as another reason to avoid it. It can be a fine cognitive enhancer - but caffeine as a crutch will give you a limp.

Your mileage may vary there. I've gone on and off nicotine rather easily. Just nicotine though, not cigarettes, which contain MAOIs that radically increase their addictiveness.
> nicotine being marketed to children

I've yet to see anything that I'd actually consider "marketing nicotine to children," besides the ads they show on tv complaining that "the industry" is marketing to children, that is. Those "warning" ads are way more appealing to kids and raise their curiosity in my mind than any actual vape ads I see. Talking about the flavors and showing the kids picking up the pretty packages and oohing and aahing over them...sheesh.

Adults like flavored e-juice to vape, way more than flavorless. I don't think flavoring something can be directly equated to marketing to children. Where are these ads marketing to children that everybody keeps mentioning?

>I've yet to see anything that I'd actually consider "marketing nicotine to children,"

um, you can get vape 'juice' any anything from unflavored to cigar to brownies to blueberry pie...

While making dessert flavored juice might not be specifically aimed towards children, you know LITTLE children and teens are going to be like "hey, I want to puff clouds of dessert too!" unlike cigarettes "hey I want to puff caustic, nasty, nauseating, burning paper!"

If adults and kids both like candy, is candy a kids product?
Many candies are very much intended for children. Bright colours, cartoon characters, etc.

The FDA, several state attorney generals, senators have all moved in the past few years to attempt to outright ban any flavored tobacco products (including menthol) specifically because they provide an easy gateway for children.

The most recent high-profile case I can think of is San Francisco banning the sale of flavored tobacco, including menthol, this summer specifically for this reason.

> far less damaging

E-cigarette vapor disables key immune cells in the lung and boosts inflammation: Effects similar to those seen in regular smokers and patients with chronic lung disease. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180813190148.h...

E-cigs shut down hundreds of immune system genes—regular cigs don’t

https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/02/e-cigs-shut-down-hun...

Widely used e-cigarette flavoring impairs lung function

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/05/180523172310.h...

It may turn out that e-cigarettes are, on the balance, safer than cigarettes, however it's way too early to make that claim with any level of certainty. Realistically, we're probably going to find out through long-term longitudinal studies in a few decades.

> It may turn out that e-cigarettes are, on the balance, safer than cigarettes, however it's way too early to make that claim with any level of certainty.

No, it isn't. Tobacco contains 70 known human carcinogens and is known to directly cause lung cancer. No one is claiming that vaping causes cancer. The possibility that's being raised is that after decades of use vaping may cause lung disease. I know which is worse.

And importantly, as you say, the matter in unsettled and it is just as likely that it does not.

Is your point that it should be pre-emptively banned, just in case?

> No one is claiming that vaping causes cancer

"To evaluate possible long-term effects of vaping, the team assessed DNA damage in the cells of the volunteers' mouths."

"Dator and Balbo identified three DNA-damaging compounds, formaldehyde, acrolein and methylglyoxal, whose levels increased in the saliva after vaping."

"Compared with people who don't vape, four of the five e-cigarette users showed increased DNA damage related to acrolein exposure."

"E-cigarettes can damage DNA" https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-08-e-cigarettes-dna.html

Did you forget to include the quote where they claim it causes cancer, or did you not include it because it doesn't exist?

You're trying to imply something you have no evidence for.

DNA damage is close enough to cancer for that to be a relevant response. For example, it's completely accepted that radiation causes cancer at the organism level. The mechanism by which it does so is that, at the raw physical level, radiation causes random DNA damage.
No, it isn’t. That’s why things are tested for carcinogenicity rather than DNA damage before being called carcinogens.
There are other ways of being carcinogenic, which testing for carcinogenicity will automatically check. But DNA damage will do the trick.

There should be an obvious logical difference in your mind between "DNA damage causes cancer" and "all cancer is caused by DNA damage". If you want to know whether something is a carcinogen, checking whether it causes DNA damage is not enough for you to conclude "no". But it may be enough for you to conclude "yes".

I think I’ll hold out for something firmer than your interpretation of a study conducted on five people.
The sun damages DNA, as does background radiation. Basically living is the number one cause of damaging DNA.

But the thing is the cells can usually repair the damage on their own.

While being skeptical of the claim that vaping is healthy is a tenable position, your arguments lack honesty.

The article from sciencedaily does make you wonder, if one chemical is found to have problems and they replace it, then the next one is found to have issues and they replace that, is there really anything that can be vaped which doesn’t affect various respiratory systems poorly? Maybe flavorless water vapor. I’d suspect there is a line where negative outcome has to be drawn, as in “doing this is certainly bad and you will almost surely get sick” versus “continued use over many years results in at least 1/3 of users developing lung problems or diseases related to usage”.
Unpopular opinion: you shouldn’t be allowes to link studies the way you did without contexualizing them. The first study was in vitro, not in vivo. They exposed petri dishes to massive quantities of condensate.

Based off the headline/intro I thought they were going to demonstrate that inhaled ejuice leads to macropahges being disabled (which would be very bad). That’s not the case however.

FWIW, I don’t think vaping is harmless to the lungs. I do think it’s an order of magnitude better than smoked tobacco.

Personally, I never smoked tobacco seriously (took occasional hits of a cigarette while drunk and that was it). Meanwhile friends of mine would smoke tobacco out of a bong 10-12 times a day. (One of the craziest sights ever to see someone smoke so much tobacco at once that they lose muscular function for 60 secs).

OTOH, I did become dependent on vaporizing nicotine. So please don’t think I’m saying there’s no harm of addiction/damage etc. But let’s please actually analyze the scientific studies from a critical perspective rather than link dropping to make an argument look more well founded than it is

> Unpopular opinion: you shouldn’t be allowes to link studies the way you did without contexualizing them.

Ehm, but you should be ‘allowed’ to post source-less claims like the parent did?!?

> It may turn out that e-cigarettes are, on the balance, safer than cigarettes, however it's way too early to make that claim with any level of certainty

Public Health England, which informs NHS policy estimates vaping is 95% less bad for your health than smoking cigarettes.

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/...

I acknowledge that this is an appeal to authority, and that there's valuable research still to be done. But, cigarettes are one of the worst possible things that people habitually do to their bodies. It's reasonable that it wouldn't be hard to do a lot better.

I think it's fair to describe the NHS's public health arm as a decently conservative organization. Public health is a conservative practice after all, and they're decent at it. I read these numbers in that light.

> 'Some flavourings and constituents in e-cigarettes may pose risks over the long term. We consider the 5% residual risk to be a cautious estimate allowing for this uncertainty.'

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/...

What does "5% as harmful mean" when users are comsuming 20x as much because puffing a vape is as easy as checking a text message on your watch?

One vape pod is a pack of cigarettes, with no barrier to puffing.

Kids can't smoke cigarettes all day long in school. They can vape all day long in school, and some do, limited only by availability of money.

I don’t vape and don’t really know common vaping patterns. I will point out, though, that cigarettes aren’t really subdivisble, and humans are remis to waste.

W/r/t definition, the second linked pdf makes reference to measured composition of known bads in vapour:smoke and asserts the ratio is smaller than 1:20. Also refers you to the preexisting literature. https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/360220 That paper defines harms as a combination of health and social factors, with a large weighting towards morbidity.

The real issue here is likely the diluting mixtures containing glycol and glycerin and whatever else that may be non-benign when vaporized and entering into your lungs in large concentrations and not nicotine itself.

Vaporizing by definition does not combust so there is no harmful irritating and inflammation causing smoke (although my vaporizer allows the temp to go so high as to start to combust weed, up to 260 celsius) so it would stand to reason it has to be safer on its own, especially if you remove from cigarette tobacco all toxic chemicals like polonium and others like MAOIs that supposedly boost the addictive potential and all you're left is pure nicotine.

There is also snus or those small tobacco pouches you put under your lip but I recall hearing about them causing gum damage etc so even that may be more harmful than vaping.

Tobacco (and snus) also have the littering problem. People throw away more or less non degradable garbage on the streets all day every day.

I wonder how much big tobacco (excluding Altria now that they're in the vape game) lobbies against vaping because it eats into their profits?

I wonder how much big pharma lobbies against vaping because it eats into their profits. It is not cool that likely the safest way to ingest nicotine is also likely the most expensive (gum, patches, etc). And these people have the audacity to fight vaping in order for it to be either _smoked_ tobacco or their extremely expensive pharma products.

Surely vaping is the lesser evil compared to smoking and society should allow it OR remove tobacco overnight. Otherwise it seems weird and illogical. (I don't know if removing all external chemical catalysts from society is what should happen.)

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Are you twelve years old? You want to have fun fun fun. Me no like the no fun society.

Any company connected to big tobacco should be erased forever.

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Although I agree with you in general, I feel like I have to raise some points...

Unless I've missed something, the evidence for red meat being a carcinogen is actually still up for debate and it's nowhere near conclusive. I've skimmed some sources making this claim, but I wasn't convinced by their research methodology.

I've discussed the weed issue enough times that I luckily have this article [0] in my bookmarks, which analyses our current knowledge. I'm not aware of any more modern article which does the same in-depth analysis on the state of things. I won't claim that weed is a magical drug without any kind of side-effects, but the research on its impact still seems fairly young. My key take-away from the linked article was that young people should probably avoid regular usage, maybe aside from trying it out once or twice.

[0] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4604177/

> but I wasn't convinced by their research methodology

This is the problem with all of science, or at least the popular discussion of it. Things get presented in little bite-sized chunks stripped of all context. It's significant effort to read the original papers and supporting papers and decide for yourself, and that's neglecting the domain knowledge that's required to do that properly. On top of that there are conflicting results where even experts may disagree. All you can do is wait for a consensus position to emerge.

If they weren't going to switch to cigarettes as soon as Juul gets banned I'd agree.
But nicotine isn't "fun".

You think it's cool and by the time you realise it's not, you are physically dependant on it to function.

At least alcohol and marijuana do something.

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>You think it's cool and by the time you realise it's not,

Which is why vaping is so dangerous. If you can think of a flavor, it's available. No flavor, cigar, blueberry pie, chocolate brownies, etc. More flavors than a shaved ice stand. Unlike cigarettes where you have "nauseating burnt paper" and "menthol nauseating burnt paper".

Nicotine does do something, it gives you a dopamine hit. It feels good. It doesn’t cause impairment like weed and alcohol if that’s what you mean by “doing something”, but you can definitely feel it.

Even if you personally don’t respond to it, others do.

It does that to begin with, but this dopamine increase (through stimulation and reduced MAO production) means that the baseline dopamine level in a smoker changes. That's why you feel shitty once you stop smoking.

Once you're that far —and we're only talking days— smoking is not getting you a desirable outcome, it's merely returning you to your new baseline dopamine level.

Simply put, it's just too addictive to be used recreationally.

You're just reiterating the received wisdom on drug tolerance: you have to take more to get the same effect. On that, some claim to find a ceiling effect to tolerance, that is after a certain dose adaptation no longer takes place and the dose remains effective. Alternatively you can cycle. Your bottom line is an over-simplification.

Also, you're now longer making your initial point, that nicotine isn't fun, instead you've moved on to 'the fun wears off or you'll need to consume more to get the same effect'.

To be fair, vaping is probably safer than smoking actual cigarettes. That being said, vaping/Juul has undone a decade of progress in reducing teen smoking. It should not be celebrated.

I don't understand anyone that intentionally starts vaping. I'm a senior in college and Juuls are fairly common on campus, so it's not just a high school/teenager thing.

> vaping/Juul has undone a decade of progress in reducing teen smoking

How much of that reduction in smoking is because of teens who would otherwise be smoking but are now vaping instead?

Just look at the chart? It’s pretty obvious that smoking is consistently declining, while vaping started at a low point of smoking.
Pretty much every year on that chart is a low point for cigarette smoking compared the years that preceded it.

Note that 2015 is not when teens started vaping. It's when whoever collected this data started paying attention to vaping.

I'd rather teenagers weren't using any tobacco products whatsoever, but I'm pretty sure inhaling vaporized ecig juice is much better for people's health than cigarette smoke.

> I'm pretty sure inhaling vaporized ecig juice is much better for people's health than cigarette smoke.

I've seen this thinking many times in this thread. How is this so? Smoking seemed harmless in the 1950s as well.

http://gwern.net/Nicotine

Lighting a fire in your mouth is so obviously worse it's comical to debate.

How would adding smoke to nicotine make it healthier?

That's a drastic oversimplification. Dosage amounts and patterns are wildly different. Ecig "juice" has many components that cigarettes don't.
If you look on the graph on the tweet linked [0], very little. There's a very clear and consistent downwards linear trend in terms of cigarette use since at least 1997. Admittedly, cigarette usage does appear to have gone down faster since ~2013 (which is around the time that vapes became well known [1]). Is that caused by vapes? Maybe, maybe not. But it's clear that more teens are exposed to nicotine now that vapes are available than if vapes were not available.

[0]: https://twitter.com/themehakvohra/status/1076433054099492864

[1]: https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&geo=US&q=v...

Nobody intentionally starts smoking, either. Nicotine is very deceptive; once you realize the dependency, it's very likely too late.

Frankly, I'd probably still be smoking if tobacco use didn't have the social stigma it does today. This -- oddly enough -- is why I never touched vapes (no disincentive to quit!) and why I think Juul/Juul-like products are going to create a new epidemic of nicotine addiction in this country.

This is just Altria -- Phillip Morris -- playing the same game they have been for generations. I really haven't the slightest idea why we're just sitting back and letting them do it again.

> Nobody intentionally starts smoking, either.

I just tripped and it fell into my mouth!

That’s not the implication.

For me personally, it started with a friend who would bum me cigarettes here and there, and I would partake for the sake of stepping outside with him.

What seemed like an innocuous “just one cigarette” here and there started to turn into cravings. It was all downhill from there.

Electronic nicotine delivery devices:

- Contain ever increasing amounts of nicotine per "hit"--many teens report using an entire JuulPod per day, equal to a whole pack of cigarettes in nicotine volume.

- Like menthol cigarettes, manufacturers develop ways (ex patented JuulSalts) to overcome body's natural resistance to starting and continuing nicotine abuse.

- Use concentrated "e-liquid" that poses serious acute toxicity concerns to users and small children, not an issue with cigarettes

Amazingly enough, research shows that youth who intentionally start nicotine abuse via electronic delivery rationalize their behavior by differentiating it from "real" smoking--compounded by misinformation from peers. It's no accident that Juul's design looks nothing like a "real" cigarette--despite delivering deadly drugs every bit as well.

The vape industry (which is quickly becoming an extension of big tobacoo) wants you to believe that this is justified because they help smokers. But there is no evidence that they help people quit--and ample evidence that youth who develop nicotine use disorder from electronic delivery readily begin use of "real" cigarettes. JuulLabs/Altria do not make an FDA-approved smoking cessation device. They make an extremely effective delivery device for new abusers of nicotine.

We must take a stand before the next wave of nicotine abuse takes permanent root in our society: make nicotine a schedule I controlled substance at the federal level. No longer can bigwig suits legally addict our country to a deadly drug.

Sources: https://www.yalemedicine.org/stories/teen-vaping/ https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1805758 https://www.theverge.com/2018/7/3/17529442/juul-vapes-nicoti...

Health Canada and Public Health England would beg to differ.
> make nicotine a schedule I controlled substance at the federal level. No longer can bigwig suits legally addict our country to a deadly drug.

Forgive my ignorance, but my understanding is that nicotine by itself is not particularly deadly, merely addictive. The only reason we consider nicotine any worse than caffeine is because of all the genuinely deadly stuff that comes along for the ride with typical nicotine delivery mechanisms (i.e. cigarettes.)

If we had to smoke to get caffeine instead of drink tasty and arguably healthy beverages it would be just as stigmatized.

Is caffeine really addictive? Comparatively to nicotine? I find issue in selling addictive products, not in terms of health, but just financial abuse. Like Casinos, micro-transactions in games, etc. The buyer is drugged by your product to need to buy more of it. There's definitly a bit of a moral dilemma here.
Agreed--I'd argue that a physically harmless, pleasure causing, addictive product is inherently worth of regulation. Dependence (use without truly wanting to) and abuse (use despite harm--which can arguably include financial harm even with no physiological affects) are the criteria for a substance use disorder which is in itself a medical diagnosis. Products that serve no useful purpose and readily lead to the development of use disorders should not be sold.
Tar poisons the lungs; nicotine poisons the heart.

This is oversimplified but it's not wrong.

You are correct in that its not deadly in it's own right, I should have written that tobacco should be banned and nicotine with it. However, I think it certainly is fair to consider attendant consequences of its modes of abuse in regulating it--while the drug itself is not lethal in normal patterns of abuse, it's patterns of abuse do lead to deaths.

It's acute lethal dose can be as little as 500mg and it is considered a deadly posion; it's actually a good thing in that regard that nicotine is rarely used "directly," as it would be hard to develop poisoning from regular use. But with the liquid in vapes themselves, that is a concern, particularly if small children have access. In terms of chronic effects, the biggest concern is adolescents and effects on brain development--not deadly, but definitely a direct harm from the drug itself. It is not a carcinogen, but it may be a tumor promoter. And it can lead to death or severe harm to the fetus if used by a pregnant mother as it crosses the placenta readily (a case of chronic levels harmless to mother reaching acute toxicity levels against the tiny weight of the baby). Lastly, the harvesting of tobacco does lead to consequences for the workers such as GTS which can cause serious symptoms.

And regarding the addictive affect itself, I do see your point with regard to caffeine, however, I think it is important to consider the relative magnitude of its effects. Caffeine can lead to dependence and withdrawal, but the frequency of these effects doesn't lead to a public health concern on the level of nicotine, which is one of the core factors for a CSA scheduling action.

Nicotine by itself is not really that dangerous, even its negative side-effects on the cardiovascular system are debated and nicotine is addictive but apart from that generally "safe" [0].

Of course, it's better no vape at all than one but between cigarettes and e-cigarettes I'm glad, as an ex-smoker, that the latter exists as an alternative.

I've quit cigarettes for 6+ years now, completely cold turkey from a pack a day and it would've been much better if at the time I had the option of an e-cig, the damage compared with normal cigarettes is severely reduced and much easier than doing what I did.

[0] https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/outputs/nicotine-withou...

I don't understand - are you saying vaping == smoking? This equality test fails.
Dear b1r6,

We are currently discussing a non-programming topic. Your mind seems to be stuck in a source code thought trap, because you posted a bizarre, meaningless comment. No one has equated vaping with smoking. Please try harder on your next attempt at a meaningful contribution.

> No one has equated vaping with smoking.

You need to reread the first comment, which says that "teen smoking" is sharply rising.

At least try to be correct if you're going to put so much effort into being rude...

Please don't do this here.
I apologize - I’d actually had a few drinks (irony... I know) when commenting on this submission. Maybe I was more upset at myself.

Happy new year, everyone.

Thank You for Smoking
In other news, Altria (Philip Morris), the giant tobacco company, has just spent billions to invest in Canadian legal weed. Ugh. This is the exact sort of thing that a bunch of hardcore legalization activists predicted in Canada 20 years ago. I can't imagine the product will be very good, but it'll have the best marketing imaginable, within the legal limits.

https://business.financialpost.com/investing/altria-to-inves...

People should be free to live their lives.
Since any company is depending on hooking their clients to something - chemical or social there are too few good companies.

I think we should evaluate the things on fun/harm scale.

As a former smoker and vaper I find Juul and the whole e-cig business wicked. I stopped smoking and started vaping in 2012 and years later I realized I replaced a nasty habit with what was basically a hobby. I was never enthusiastic about smoking but I became increasingly enthusiastic about flavors and coils and all that crap. I was consuming way more nicotine than when I was smoking cigarettes. I noticed that when I chained 2 cigarettes after not smoking for 3 years and right after, I continued vaping with my mod for another 5 minutes.

The moment I realized that I started vaping unflavored juice and stopped completely shortly after. It was never supposed to be cool and pleasant, it was supposed to stop me from being a smoker.

In my opinion it's a good cessation device but the way it's marketed and how the whole industry is behaving just doesn't sit well with me.

I totally get why teenagers are into it. It doesn't smell, it's pretty cool. I remember when I started smoking as a teenager, I had to chew mint gum and do all sorts of crazy things with perfumes to hide my habit from my parents. If I had Juul it would have been awesome.

>As a former smoker and vaper I find Juul and the whole e-cig business wicked. I stopped smoking and started vaping in 2012 and years later I realized I replaced a nasty habit with what was basically a hobby.

I wasn't a smoker at all, aside from on occasional pipe or cigar. Around the same time I got into it too, there were very few mods back then but you had companies like "Ms. T's Bakery" that had tons of dessert type flavors.

I'd sit there with my ego with a drip tip, puff, puff, puffing away at my desk mindlessly while I gamed. I'd puff, puff, puff away with friends. I started taking it to work and ducking into the bathroom to puff some brownies or blueberry soda.

One day I was playing an FPS and realized I didn't feel good at all, I'd had about 40$ of juice in maybe 6 hours, I had nicotine poisoning because I just wanted to keep tasting the flavors.

The few people that vape at work, all of them have super-fruity juices, I have to imagine that the flavor is some of what keeps them at it. I have a friend that is unemployed, trying to get disability, but he has probably 300$ in his vaping rig and the first thing he does when he gets some money from something it goes and gets more juice. Before food, before his precious mountain dew, before anything else he runs off to go fill his tanks. Always flavors.

Aside from vaping being less harmful than cigarettes, kids were vaping long before Juul was popular. They are not responsible for this trend; they're just an inevitable improvement upon semi-disposable e-cigarettes.

This argument also completely ignores the beneficial aspects of Juul. It is far more effective at helping smokers quit than most other products. To focus in on "save the children!" fear mongering while ignoring the primary benefit of vaping is dishonest and helps no one.

Teenage smoking is not back. Teenage nicotine use is back, which is not the same.
Philip Morris and other old tobaccos always paid extremely well. Had to. Something to attract and retain talent despite actively killing people.

Coming from say, McKinsey, was a lottery jackpot - and a ticket to hell.

Vaporizing nicotine is unlikely to be as harmful as smoking long term. Nicotine itself is only moderately addictive without the concomitant administration of MAIO inhibitors. However, the incentive structure being what it is I somehow doubt vape companies will be able to resist creating similar cocktails.
Sorry, I don’t know MAIOs are, but a JUUL is 100% as addictive, I’d argue more because of its accessibility and the fact it doesn’t have other side effects — a casual smoker turned JUUL-addict.
> Juul just got a $2 billion dividend payment from its new investor Altria. It decided to give that money to employees.

From tobacco giant investor Altira. This feels like kind of a "sorry that you now work for a tobacco company that kills people" bonus.

Instead of just a nicotine company that kills people, less effectively but all the same.
I know a few people on the Juul and they're addicted to it. They do say it helped them quit cigarettes, but at the same time, people who never smoked a cigarette are also addicted to Juul. So it's a 'better' alternative for cigarette smokers but a gateway drug to others.
A lot of people in this thread seem to be under the mistaken belief that nicotine is the harmful thing in cigarettes. While rather more addictive, nicotine in isolation is really no more harmful than caffeine.
Post a source, please. Tobacco is one of those hot button issues where people will automatically assume you're a shill if you don't have the data to back up what you're saying.
This study argues that nicotine is indeed harmful [0]. This study argues that caffeine is harmless in healthy adult populations (although pregnant women and children shouldn't consume caffeine) [1].

[0]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4363846/

[1]: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0265203021000007...

You just linked to some random study from some random journal in order to support your statement, to make your statement sound like it's truth. [0] is an article from Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology. No idea what the reputation of this journal is. No idea what the study does, experimental methodology, bias of the authors, reputation of the authors, who is funding the authors, etc. etc. More generally, why has internet discourse detiorated to linking to random studies to make a statement and asking people to link to random studies to support their statement.
The mean LD50 of caffeine and nicotine in humans are 150-200 and 6.5-13 mg/kg, respectively.
The LD50 doesn't matter unless you have a brick of mystery drug in front of you. This is about harm from recreational doses.
It's extremely easier to ingest a fatal dose, or even just enough for nicotine poisoning when you've got a liquid flavored like a dessert vs cigarettes.
In the general case, yes. In this case, however, I'm responding to the claim that, "nicotine in isolation is really no more harmful than caffeine." (Emphasis added.)

Two orders of magnitude greater lethality by dose comports with no definition of "no more harmful" which I can conceive.

That's not how doses work. A dose of nicotine weighs less than a dose of caffeine (roughly 12mg vs 95mg). "In isolation" is talking about removing the effects of the other chemicals, probably popping one pill of each, not about putting the exact same quantity into each pill.

But more importantly LD50 is completely the wrong metric for measuring the harm of this kind of drug. The number of overdoses is statistically negligible.

Nicotine by itself is also substantially less addictive than tobacco. Tobacco contains MAOIs, which significantly enhance the addictive potential of nicotine.
E cigs are the “cool” thing now. Used to be weed when most of us were growing up. Last 15 years it was weed. Seems like whatever society condemns becomes the cool thing for young people.
Weed is definitely still "cool" to people my age.

-21 year old college student.

Just wait 21 years until you're born, then the fun starts!
If anyone uses Juul in my proximity I get very jumpy. The amount of nicotine this is delivering must be staggering. I’d stay away from this stuff.
Fuck this company and any other that sells a product with an addictive chemical. That’s not “innovation”. That’s Donald Trump tier snake oil.
Next time you go grocery shopping, check how much sugar is in everything.
It's pretty interesting to read how concerned society is about vaping. Personally, I put caffeine and nicotine on the same "drug" level. Though caffeine is so ingrained in our culture (in the US) that kids at the age of 16 drink 3-4 cups of coffee and no one is concerned about this. I agree that there needs to be regulation for the marketing of vaping (like any other substance) but I am way more concerned about opioid usage (like during wisdom teeth removal) and NSAID abuse than vaping abuse. I wish we can prevent all kids from using any sort of drug since their brain gets permanently hardwired before the age of 18, but that's life and you sometimes gotta let a kid live a little. I rather have my kids grow up in a place where they can make their own decisions as long as they're educated about it rather than all of us being tiger parents leading our kids towards a dystopian society of all health but no fun.
That’s crazy. Would people really not be concerned with 4 cups of coffee at 16?
(comment deleted)
Who said that money can’t clear your consciousness...

Evilcorp

Gonna have to see the variability associated with that average.
I don't understand this debate in the comments. Yes, vaping is less dangerous than cigarettes, but it is still waaay more damaging than simply not smoking at all.

Juul sells itself as a way for smokers to quit or change to something less damaging but it is mostly introducing it to kids who didn't smoke anything before!

> but it is mostly introducing it to kids who didn't smoke anything before!

Eh.

I personally know people vaping to quit. What's your stance on nicotine patches?