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I drove a Tesla once for a day, and ever since, I've been longing for a car with that much bottom end torque. The moment Honda releases a hybrid or all-electric Odyssey I will throw money at them. Or if my kids grow out of their car seats before then, I'll just get whatever the best all electric sedan is at that point.
Even an Opel Ampera (a Volt in the USA, I think) is super fun to drive, even though the car itself is somewhat boring

I used to lament the impending loss of manual transmission that comes with electrifying cars. But the torque more than makes up for that.

Tesla Model Y not big enough?
It's even smaller than the X, and while that was almost big enough, it was a terrible experience for the passengers. I saved $100K and got more amenities by choosing the Odyssey over the Model X.
The closest I can see at the moment is the 7 seater Prius v/Prius + (depending on market); sadly the Previa hybrid seems to be in very limited distribution.
Calling a 1.5L Prius engine "expensive" is a bit of a stretch, you can buy a lightly used engine for ~$500.

Compare with say Tesla where a single motor runs you over $3000 and they call it "cheap".

I don't think 2nd hard parts prices are at all representative of the new cost the manufacturer pays.
The rise of EVs also presents the opportunity for generally lighter, smaller, cheaper vehicles.

Already they are very popular in China: https://insideevs.com/news/340006/big-in-china-cheap-tiny-el...

What would a Tesla Model 3 look like if it had half the range, no frunk, and much lower performance? (ie. limited to 120km/h) How light, cheap, and small could we take it without utterly abandoning safety?

Basically, the kind of vehicle designed just for inner-city commutes and picking up goods.

If these vehicles became more common we would see a 'peace dividend' in the car safety wars - the other vehicles on the road would be lighter, so crashes would be less dangerous (maybe combined with automatic crash avoidance as well) and breaking times shorter, so crumple zones and other big heavy features could be reduced.

Neighborhood electric vehicles are already allowed on lower speed US roads and are fairly popular in some areas. But passive collision safety will never be very good. Assuming equivalent materials, a larger heavier vehicle will always be safer due to greater mass and thicker crumple zones.
*Safer for occupants only. More dangerous for everyone else on the road.
Larger crumple zones on any vehicle in collision will make that collision safer for all vehicles involved. The point about the mass stands, though.
Well, now you're stuck in this sort of tragedy-of-the-commons situation where it's better for everyone individually to have bigger cars but worse for everyone as a group.
> but worse for everyone as a group.

Not true. 2 modern, big cars crashing into each other at typical urban speeds usually mean no serious injuries. But try crashing 2 LSV at 50 Km/h and see what happens.

Worse for everyone because we’re hauling around many otherwise unneeded tonnes of metal in case we hit someone who’s hauling around many unneeded tonnes of metal in case they hit someone hauling...

Also cars don’t only hit other cars.

> Worse for everyone because we’re hauling around many otherwise unneeded tonnes of metal

This may be wasteful, but it's safer. So it's not a net loss.

> Also cars don’t only hit other cars.

They also hit people and big cars can cater for this more efficiently (see crash tests for big Volvos for example), as well as hard walls and trees, where the answer is quite obvious.

Safer for cars, pedestrian and bicyclist deaths have been climbing recently.
Pedestrian and bicyclist deaths have been climbing due to distracted and impaired drivers, as well as more vehicle miles being driven overall. Vehicle size has little effect on pedestrian safety. A compact car will hurt a pedestrian just as badly as a large SUV. Actually the compact car can be worse in some collisions due to the hood height and shape.
> Pedestrian and bicyclist deaths have been climbing due to distracted and impaired drivers, as well as more vehicle miles being driven overall

... and electric bicycles.

> This may be wasteful, but it's safer.

You’re missing the point again. Safer than what? If everyone drove low-speed light vehicles, we would be safer too.

We’re in a “safety” arms race, where you’re only safe if you’re in the largest size vehicle possible. Buy an escalade and you are “safe”. Buy a Yaris and you’re risking your life for better gas milage and cheaper car payments.

In typical urban speeds you are as likely to crash into people or bicycles as into another car.

And then the additional mass is making it more dangerous, not less.

This is exactly where gov. regulation helps, when applied correctly.

Another example, have you noticed how headlights have gotten noticeably (blindingly?) bright in recent years?

> What would a Tesla Model 3 look like if it had half the range, no frunk, and much lower performance?

Then people wouldn’t buy it or at least different people. Every Tesla driver I met told me first how much fun it is to drive.

I don't think so, most people buy Tesla based on their marketing, most people who actually enjoy driving prefer ICE, I have test driven Tesla and they feel nothing like a BMW M4 or a Mercedes C63 MG, it feels like driving a big go-kart and handles rather poorly.

The interior of Tesla feels plastic and amateur for it's price range, no one outside of the cult says nice stuff about their frame either: https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-model-3-design-profit...

> most people buy Tesla based on their marketing

Most people buy things based on marketing.

> most people who actually enjoy driving prefer ICE

Did you just make that up? It sounds a lot like gatekeeping.

> it feels like driving a big go-kart

That's a big plus for some.

> no one outside of the cult says nice stuff about their frame either: [link]

The linked article is content marketing for a teardown consultant who wasn't privy to tradeoffs made during the design process.

> Most people buy things based on marketing.

There is a difference between buying Channel products based on marketing and buying your power tools based on marketing. The difference is that one is marketing for actual spec and durability the other for status and gimmicks or worst outright lies.

> Did you just make that up? It sounds a lot like gatekeeping.

The sales number speaks for it self, along with TSLA Financial Results.

>> it feels like driving a big go-kart and handles rather poorly.

> That's a big plus for some.

Not sure what you're getting at, people who would not buy low range and specially lower performance cars somehow would prefer go-kart like feeling and handling?

> The linked article is content marketing for a teardown consultant who wasn't privy to tradeoffs made during the design process.

Calling Munro a marketing consultant is a poor effort.

> most people buy Tesla based on their marketing

That's a rather strong statement! Do you have any source for it?

> most people who actually enjoy driving prefer ICE

I don't know where you got that idea from--a quick survey of google results for "Model S review" gives me the opposite impression: It has a "fun-to-drive nature" [1], "it’s addictively fast" [2], "fast and great to drive" [3]. The only negative quote I could find was that it "can certainly hack the pace, but it doesn’t bring much sporting engagement" [4], about the 2013 version before any improvements (not that I know they changed the reviewers opinion).

> no one outside of the cult says nice stuff

If I was being uncharitable I might say it seems you're in a different, but equally dogmatic cult.

[1] https://www.caranddriver.com/tesla/model-s

[2] https://www.topgear.com/car-reviews/tesla/model-s

[3] https://www.motortrend.com/news/2013-motor-trend-car-of-the-...

[4] https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-review/tesla/model-s/ride

I just ordered a model x despite being very skeptical. However I don't have the consciousness to drive a petrol car any longer, my kids will murder me when they grow up.

So I looked at all the viable cars, my summer house is 440 km from here and I would like to be able to get there in an emergency on one charge and I have a big cat that needs room + family. I've been saying for years that I want an electric but I want a "real" car maker to build a proper one. So now we are here with two new competitors.

The I-Pace has too short range and too little space. The E-tron has too short range and too little space. In the end the model x was the only viable one for my criteria.

My biggest counter before to the tesla was the build quality, but after inspecting several model x and testing them, it is noting like the old model s versions with rattling windows etc. It actually feels like a nice car.

> However I don't have the consciousness to drive a petrol car any longer, my kids will murder me when they grow up.

Is there assesment available of full environmental impact of an ICE vs electric car in a country like US (with a certain mix of green and non-green sources of electricity)? Generally, more stuff goes into an EV, so the production is probably higher impact - I wonder how the all-inclusive numbers look like.

The Teslas may cost more upfront, but they save a ton on gas, oil, maintenance, etc, and are estimated to last for up to a million miles.
I don't know about the US, but since the power here is 99% hydroelectric it should only be the manufacturing and transportation emissions (it has to be transported from the US to Holland and then here.
Even if the electricity comes from coal an electric car is still more efficient than petrol.
Maybe they make different models in USA vs Australia or probably we have a different standard of quality for the Tesla Model X price range. I find it rather flakey and poor.
I bought a Tesla because it was rated as the best car ever made. It's the safest, one of the fastest, has amazing tech, and is a complete blast to drive. I've never loved a car like I love my Tesla. Driving an ICE car after getting used to the powerful, instant torque of an EV, and the one pedal driving feels absolutely terrible.

Tesla doesn't even do any traditional marketing. They are selling hundreds of thousands of cars mostly by word of mouth and wildly enthusiastic owners spreading the love. I believe Tesla is also the highest rated car by owner satisfaction?

Personal anecdote but I find that hard to believe: I've driven the model 3 performance and found it to be dreadful. That thing understeered like mad and I couldn't feel the back end.
I've got a 24Kw Leaf and honestly, it's a blast to drive. You don't need a Tesla to have fun with EVs ;)
It would look like a Chevy Bolt.
These cars already exist, but only in California. Local tax laws result in cars like the fiat 500e, which are cheap and cheerful electric commuters.
I think itd look like a Nissan Leaf, a car that has sold in only moderate numbers over the years
I get that EVs in general haven't been historically popular cars, but stating that Nissan Leaf, literally the best selling EV of all time, has only sold in "moderate numbers", is a bit of a joke.

Even in annual sales, it's only recently been surpassed by the Model S.

Furthermore, while it does do relatively close to half the range of a Model S (and the gp did state "half"), given Tesla's advances in range, along with Nissan's own advances in battery longevity, I don't think they're skimping on cheap tech for low range. One could go a lot lower and still have a very usable city car.

All that said, the general point was: would it sell. The Leaf is extremely popular in Europe where (in my highly subjective opinion) car buying is slightly more rational/practical: the US market seems to favour mass-for-the-sake-of-it (clearly evident even comparing the range of cars available on the market in Europe vs the US), so I don't think smaller would do well there.

I guess I should have clarified that I meant it has sold in moderate numbers compared to ICE car sales. Honda sells over 300k Civics each year.
Fair. You're right that the Leaf hasn't been the breakthrough dominator in the car market, propelling EVs to the top. But I the fact it got into the same order of magnitude as popular ICEs does seem like something of a breakthrough.
Moderate numbers? 400.000 cars?! It's "the world's all-time best-selling highway-capable electric car" according to wiki
It's sold a lot more than Tesla, but the CEO doesn't have as entertaining a social media presence so everyone forgets that.
There is a car like this in Europe, probably the first of its kind: https://www.renault.fr/vehicules/vehicules-electriques/twizy...

The problem is: it's relatively expensive. You can have a proper, "normal" ICE car in that price. Probably the best case for mini-vehicles like these is a sharing model. At least, that's the thinking behind the Volkswagen's entry into the market: https://www.seat.com/company/news/cars/seat-minimo-mwc.html

With the Renault EVs, you’re buying the car, but the battery is on a rental contract.
I suspect one of the benefits of EVs will be that the drivetrain cost scales more easily with vehicle size than for internal combustion vehicles. EV drivetrains can easily scale anywhere in output between a cordless vacuum cleaner and a pickup truck. We’ve already seen this property create a whole new class of vehicle with Lime-style electric scooters.
Something like an electric version of this would be better:

https://www.aixam.com/en/minauto/access

These cars are popular among teenagers in France and Italy as they can be driven from 16. Compared to a scooter they are safer, and you can have passengers and cargo space. They are severely underpowered though (anytime they need to go uphill they cause a traffic jam), and the diesel engine is probably except from emissions requirements.

VW UP (has eletric version) has 5/5 stars in Euro NCAP testing. As well there is VW ID.3 but it is larger than UP I believe.
And, yet, GM just quit producing the Volt.

The economics apparently don't support hybrid for very long.

More like people don't want cramped penalty box sedans. If GM had built the Voltec drivetrain into a more practical crossover SUV it would have sold better.
Strangely I find the Volt spacious and quite wide and long. Lowering the seats it can fit in a huge amount of cargo and the trunk is quite large to begin with.

It also consumes just about the same in gas as a Prius even when not charged which just shows Toyota does not know what the fuck they are doing.

Not even close.

The Volt is 42 MPG and the Prius Prime, which is the competitor to the Volt, is 54 MPG.

https://www.hybridcars.com/what-make-more-sense-chevrolet-vo... (among other sources).

Wow, is that all? Half my 2000 qnd earlier cars got/get that kind of MPG, as does my ICE only commuter. What is the reason for such poor figures?
Wind drag goes as something like the 4th? power of velocity--so highway speeds are a function of how aerodynamic you are (and everybody pretty much is) and how efficiently you convert stored energy to wheel torque (and at highway speeds at 2000-3000 RPM ICE is pretty much at max efficiency).

Your ICE commuter is burning lots more gas than any electric/hybrid if you are stuck in traffic at low speed for any amount of time.

And the Prime has horrific acceleration, an annoyingly noisy engine, terrible road noise, and doesn't even get enough mileage range on the battery to qualify for the California HOV lanes.

Toyota needs to go back to the drawing board for a hybrid rather than bolting a battery to a Prius.

All incorrect:

  - Prius Prime does qualify for HOV lanes
  - Prius Prime is much quieter than previous generation Prius 
  - Prius Prime acceleration in my experience is just fine.
Also, I regularly see 62 MPG on highway driving at 65 MPH.
I’ll never understand america’s Love of the crossover. Sedans just drive so much better.
A crossover is just a tall hatchback. They're better for ingress/egress and they have better ground clearance for roads in a state of disrepair, usually combined with longer travel suspension, which is more comfortable.

The crossover was the original type of car, if you think about it. In the olden days, all cars were tall and upright.

More room for passengers and items. General versatility. A Honda CR-V with the rear seats folded can pack around an amazing amount of gear. A Honda Accord can carry much less stuff.

A CR-V also has AWD which not every sedan is available with, giving it all season capability.

Also, the CR-V has acceptable fuel economy. 30 MPG on EPA's combined cycle...the same as the Accord.

Also, many of them drive very well. The new CR-V is a capable vehicle at highway speeds. No less so than an Accord.

And yet most Americans commute in them alone.

And they don’t drive better. They suffer worse body roll than their sedan cousins, and in my experience have a rough ride to compensate for the deficiencies of the chassis. Give me a sedan or hot hatch any day.

I have a subaru forester and it's quite addictive. It's easier to get in and out of, the view is higher, and the suspension is wonderful. The a, b, and c pillars are quite small to help visibility. The extra ground clearance and good suspension means that speed bumps, driveways, parking lot entrances/exits etc are less of a bother.

Generally crossovers/SUVS have smaller wheelbases, are easier to see out of, and easier to park. I find the extra space quite useful and while my Forester XT doesn't feel as good as my WRX, it does feel better than the vast majority of sedans I've driven. Sure a BMW 3 series or Tesla model 3 feels sportier.

Americans don't want "cramped penalty box sedans". In most other markets, a sedan is classed as a large family car and subcompacts are the norm. The four best-selling cars in Europe are the Volkswagen Golf, the Renault Clio, the Volkswagen Polo and the Ford Fiesta. The Japanese market is dominated by tiny Kei cars.

For what it's worth, pure EVs make incredibly efficient use of space and feel bigger than they look, largely because of the flat floor and the flexible bulkhead placement. The drivetrain components are so compact that you have a hugely flexible design envelope for the passenger cabin.

I test drove the Nissan Serena e-power (series hybrid mini-van) and having all the torque available is a killer feature. It won't win any high speed medals but to be able to get up to 50kph (30mph) with no drama is useful. Combines the torque happy electric car with the range capabilities and infrastructure support of ICE.

You see this electric motor pattern in a variety of cars. The current gen Acura NSX has the front wheels driven by the electric motors, rears driven by an ICE engine. The Mitsubishi Outlander comes in a PHEV version, with about 50km of electric only range, switching over to ICE as needed.

While I ended up with the Nissan Leaf (battery electric vehicle, the plug in kind), currently about one year of owner ship, I do miss for long distance, at speed, travel of gasoline cars.

what is nissan leaf top speed over long distance?
160KM/h (100MPH in freedom dollars) on the flat.
160 is pretty good
Unfortunately hybrids still use gas.

All-electric charging speeds are quite good now and getting better, and any numbers quoted today need to be rechecked a few months from now, especially with Teslas and the Supercharger v3 upgrades rolling out.

It’s simply irresponsible to continue pushing solutions that perpetuate our carbon based transportation system while the grid is steadily becoming more and more green.

Cost comparisons of vehicles should take total cost of ownership into account, not just the sticker price which can be offset by savings in other aspects of usage.

When considered from a purely carbon reduction POV, long range EV like Tesla are actually worse than short range EV+ICE like Volt, Prius Prime, etc. Some reasons:

* A PHEV with good EV range (such as 40+miles) will cover most commutes. Also most car trips are short range (such as going to the grocery stors). These could all be pure EV miles.

* There is limited worldwide capacity for battery production and battery price is still high. The amount of batteries in a single Tesla could be used for 10 PHEV cars.

Perfect is the enemy of good. If a PHEV can get most of its miles as EV and an occasional trip using ICE, the effect on carbon reduction is almost as good as a pure EV with much fewer battery costs. Also the weaknesses of batteries (such as long charge time compared to filling a gas tank) don't matter for a PHEV. And it's a great fit for the current state of EV charging infrastructure. A level 1 charger (regular 120 volt plug) can charge a typical PHEV car from empty to full overnight. It would be much simpler and less costly to get regular 120 volt plugs installed into all parking spots in an apartment compared to trying to get level 2 (240volt) plugs.

Whats so hard about 240v?

Or are 15 amp 240v circuits not a thing?

Other than the fact that newer residential buildings are sometimes 208v in N. America.

Yes. Looking at the whole market for the next 5 years, plugin hybrids could make a huge emissions reduction.
That’s some pretty tortured logic. The time for hybrids was 10, 20 years ago. Now we don’t have much time left to transition.

The solution to the battery production capacity problem isn’t going to be to throw up our hands and say “oh well, guess we have to make compromised cars.”

The solution is to figure it out and increase battery production radically. 10,000 fold if need be. Nobody is saying it will be easy. Weak solutions with highly polluting smaller engines (yes, small engines pollute much more per mile and even per gallon used) are fine in some cases temporarily for filling some of the gaps but they aren’t going to take us where we need to get to with emission reduction.

I would have loved to buy a pure-electric vehicle.

Unfortunately, the infrastructure just isn't there so I had to go for a petrol hybrid.

I have no driveway, and there aren't even parking bays on the street. As a result, there's no way to charge my car at home and that's a deal-breaker.

I charge at work and on trips use superchargers. No charger at home.

Some friends who don't have chargers at work charge at public chargers in their area.

I dream of a hybrid or all-electric pickup truck. The geography+climate around my house, in combination with the types of hobby work I do (frequent hauling of logs and stone) make owning anything smaller than a crossover SUV foolish, and even those won't be able to get out of the driveway some days in winter. In short, a 4 wheel drive + good ground clearance is a must, and hauling capacity is a great bonus.

Alas, new pickup trucks that are worth owning for my needs are typically in the $45-60k+ range, and I don't have high hopes that hybrid or all-electric will be kind to the sticker price either.

While I think it is good that you long for a (part)electric solution, you might be one of the few people who, in 2019, are simply served best with an ICE car. If all the hundred of millions who have their own house (and thus: charging possibility) and drive on regular roads (mostly just to work and the super market) would buy and electric car/a PHEV, the world would be much nicer and leave the petrol to those applications where we have to yet found a good technical and affordable solution (like your needs). We are currently in the situation to buy two new cars. The first family hauler has to be petrol (a compact 7 seater, no viable PHEV/electric solution exists yet that is also affordable), but the second car will be the updated Hyundai Ioniq Electric, and this car will probably do 80% of the actual rides. One has to be pragmatic.
There's a company called Rivian that's working on an electric pickup. After doing engine work and chasing leaks on my older Tacoma, I admit I've entertained the thought of swapping in a Tesla powertrain.

I think it's a great idea, honestly. No low hanging prop shaft or exhaust to limit your breakover height, loads of torque. You'd also get the benefit of a super tight traction control feedback loop and independent power to every wheel, which would be just magic in icy or muddy conditions.

My dream vehicle is the Bollinger B-1, an electric off-road utilitarian truck/suv. You can open the front and back tailgates and stab lumber or a telephone pole right through the whole vehicle. Wish I had the funds.
Wish they were in production yet! I'm keeping my eye on Bollinger as well.
I hadn't known about the Bollinger B-1 or B-2 yet! Sadly, the design is... well, hideous (at least, that's what my wife would say). The one thing I really like about it (aside from the cargo volume) is that it looks like it sits up high like a proper suv / pickup should.

Maybe it's just the perspective of the few pictures I've seen, but the Rivian truck doesn't quite seem to have as much ground clearance as I would like. When your driveway is a half mile long and you get caught on your way home from an emergency run to the veterinarian by a blizzard, getting stuck in a drift at the end of the driveway really, really, really, really sucks (yes, that happened). Carrying a 30lb dog with vertigo that far in 10 foot visibility isn't what I would call fun at all.

This would have been great if the automakers got into this seriously about 20 to 10 years ago. Now whether or not they do this, they have to make serious effort to get to BEVs
The extra weight of a battery and electric drive train means at least part of the fuel efficiency is compensated, hybrids typically weigh 200 Kg more than their ICE counterparts.

There's another measure that would have saved everyone a lot of money and emissions: better aerodynamics. Car makers have been building terrible designs for decades because gasoline was cheap, but we know they could do much better. A car with good aerodynamics (like the Prius by the way, or the Hyundai Ioniq) saves enough fuel to not need a hybrid drive train.

At what speeds?

I find it hard to believe aerodynamics would make that much of a difference for your average rush-hour commute, but maybe that’s my urban bias showing.

I'm not sure my simplified math is valid, but for example the F-150 frame with Cd = 0.36 and 2.9m² frontal area vs. the Prius with Cd = 0.25 and 2.17m² frontal area would use theoretical ~55 Wh/Km more at constant 80 Km/h (~50 mph) just due to air resistance (excluding ground friction etc.). Assuming a total efficiency of 20% of a gasoline engine and 1 litre of gasoline containing 8.8 KWh of energy, this means approx. 3 litres per 100 Km more gasoline, just due to aerodynamics (not weight etc.).

For a less extreme comparison, the (2006) Mini Cooper S vs. the Prius I get 13.45 Wh/Km difference, meaning 0.7 litres per 100 Km (at constant 80 Km/h, only due to air resistance).

Perhaps one day it'll be possible to attach the self-driving car to the back of the car in front on boring commutes to get rid of this factor. ;-)

Obvious improvements for traffic in terms of aerodynamics: * Get rid of side mirrors (legislation is the biggest challenge here) * Adaptive body elements * Less powered cars (less powered >> less need for removing the heat >> better aerodynamics) * disincentivize SUVs
I hope you mean "replace the side mirrors." People are bad enough about head checks as it is. And replace them with what? Sensors? Cameras?
Is it common to refer gas tank as "reservoir" in English as the articles diagrams from Wikipedia show?
It's an understood, but uncommon word choice. "Fuel tank" and "gas tank" are the most common in American English.
It's a shame to the author of the article or the poster that so many people comment without having actually read the article, based on the replies. The article is not about EV in general, not about Tesla in particular. It's about series hybrids which are the most economic way to design an EV, combining the capability of short time power spikes and long range.

Now my contribution to the article is that large mining vehicles have used this principle since quite some time. The largest slag trucks in the world are all operating according to this principle so it's not that new.

Would love to check out a car operating to that principle!